1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 197及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the topic “Unhealthy Habits of College Students“. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Secti
2、on A （ A） It will lead him to a ten days ban. （ B） It will lead him to a one month ban. （ C） It will lead him to a twelve months ban. （ D） It will lead him to a two-year-ban. （ A） Never permitted to join in Olympic sports again. （ B） Never permitted to join in the matches. （ C） A one-year ban. （ D）
3、A two-year ban. （ A） Sharing the sports training venues and advanced sports equipment. （ B） Sharing medical care and advanced sports equipment. （ C） Sharing the experienced coaches and medical care. （ D） Sharing the Sports training venues and the experienced coaches. （ A） 103. （ B） 32. （ C） 95 （ D）
4、63 （ A） The Central American countries. （ B） Rome. （ C） The Central African countries. （ D） America. （ A） Arrests. （ B） Drug. （ C） Murder. （ D） Appearances. （ A） In Guatemala from El Salvador. （ B） In El Salvador from Guatemala. （ C） In El Salvador from Honduras. （ D） In Honduras from El Salvador. S
5、ection B （ A） The customer made it himself. （ B） The customer was making trouble. （ C） The customer should have checked. （ D） The shop will be responsible for the scratch. （ A） Angry. （ B） Surprised. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Worried. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） The customer made no
6、 more complaints. （ B） The customer knew how to put the earphones in his ears. （ C） The customer was still unhappy about it. （ D） The customer could produce the receipt. （ A） To go sightseeing. （ B） To have meetings. （ C） To promote a new champagne. （ D） To join in a training program. （ A） It can re
7、duce the number of passenger complaints. （ B） It can make air travel more entertaining. （ C） It can cut down the expenses for air travel. （ D） It can lessen the discomfort caused by air travel. （ A） Took balanced meals with champagne. （ B） Ate vegetables and fruit only. （ C） Refrained from fish or m
8、eat. （ D） Avoided eating rich food. （ A） Many of them found it difficult to exercise on a plane. （ B） Many of them were concerned with their well-being. （ C） Not many of them chose to do what she did. （ D） Not many of them understood the program. Section C （ A） Are not selfish. （ B） Do everything as
9、 others do. （ C） Are greedy enough. （ D） Have ones own opinion. （ A） Participation in new assignments. （ B） Formal training. （ C） Renew skills. （ D） All of the above. （ A） Cant renew their knowledge. （ B） Forget the old knowledge. （ C） Never know what they are doing. （ D） Cant read or write. （ A） Ho
10、w the natural world was described in Greek mythology. （ B） What they observed directly. （ C） The writings of philosophers from other societies. （ D） Measurements made with scientific instruments. （ A） They noticed an apparent change in the position of the North Star. （ B） They observed eclipses at d
11、ifferent rimes of the year. （ C） They were the first to estimate the distance between heavenly bodies. （ D） They wanted to prove that the Earth was flat. （ A） A place for making astronomical observations. （ B） An instrument used for observing stars. （ C） A unit of measurement. （ D） The North Star. （
12、 A） On Christmas Eve of 1906. （ B） On Christmas Eve of 1960. （ C） On Christmas Eve of 1895. （ D） On Christmas Eve of 1859. （ A） In Massachusetts. （ B） On ships. （ C） In New York. （ D） On ships in New York harbor. （ A） Military communication officers. （ B） People who treated radio technology as a hob
13、by. （ C） People who lived in big cities. （ D） People with an interest in music. （ A） They would get smaller in size. （ B） Their signals would travel further. （ C） They would become less popular than television. （ D） They would be common household items. Section A 26 The owner of a copyright has esse
14、ntially two ways available to exploit the copyright. First, he or she can transfer the copyright to another party, possibly in【 C1】_ for a fixed sum or payment of royaltiesthis is known as【 C2】 _ the copyright. The new owner can then【 C3】 _ the copyright in the same way as the【 C4】 _ author could ha
15、ve done. 【 C5】 _, the author can grant one or more licenses to copy the work. A license is essentially a written【 C6】 _ to allow someone to do something which would otherwise be unlawful. Licenses may be either exclusive or non-exclusive. Exclusive licenses mean that only the【 C7】 _ of the license c
16、an carry out certain restricted acts (even the owner is then prevented from carrying out these acts). For example, the author might【 C8】 _ an exclusive license to distribute a book he or she has written: the author could not then grant a separate license to another publisher to publish the same book
17、. A non-exclusive license does not prevent me copyright owner from granting【 C9】 _ rights to other people. In principle, copyright assignment and license can become quite【 C10】 _ since it is impossible to assign or license only part of the right existing in a copyright. A) author I) recipient B) Alt
18、ernatively J) assigning C) permission K) principle D) Formally L) similar E) complex M) enabling F) grant N) return G) original O) exploit H) different 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 The Big Picture A)It is lunch time at Eastsi
19、de Elementary School in Clinton, Mississippi, the fattest state in the fattest country in the Western world. Uniformed lunch ladies stand at the ready. Nine-year-olds line up dutifully, trays in hand. Yes to chocolate milk, yes to fried chicken sandwiches, yes to orange jelly, no to salad. Bowls of
20、lettuce and tomatoes sit side to side, rejected. Regina Ducksworth, in charge of Clintons lunch menu, sighs. “Broccoli(西兰花 )is very popular,“ she says, reassuringly. B) Persuading children to eat vegetables is hardly a new struggle, nor would it seem to rank high on the list of global priorities. In
21、 an age of plenty, individuals have the luxury of eating what they like. Yet America is now worrying about how its citizens eat and how much exercise they take. It has become an issue of national concern. C) Two-thirds of American adults are overweight. This is defined as having a body mass index (B
22、MI, a common measure of obesity) of 25 or more, which for a man standing 175cm tall means a weight of 77kg or more. Alarmingly, 36% of adults and 17% of children are not just overweight but obese, with a BMI of at least 30, meaning they weigh 92kg or more at the same height. If current trends contin
23、ue, by 2030 nearly half of American adults could be obese. Americans may be shocked by these numbers, but for the rest of the world they fit a stereotype. Hamburgers, sodas and ice-creams are considered as American as the Stars and Stripes. D) The rest of the world should not scoff at Americans, bec
24、ause belts in many other places are stretched too, as shown by new data from Majid Ezzati of Imperial College, London, and Gretchen Stevens of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Some continental Europeans remain relatively slender. Swiss women are the slimmest, and most French women dont get fat,
25、as they like to brag (though nearly 15% do). But in Britain 25% of all women are obese, with men following close behind at 24%. E) And it is not just the rich world that is too big for its own good. The worlds two main hubs for obesity are the Pacific islands and the Gulf region. Mexican adults are
26、as fat as their northernneighbours. In Brazil the tall and slender are being replaced by the pudgy, with 53% of adults overweight in 2008. Even in China, one adult in four is overweight or obese, with higher rates among city-dwellers. In all, according to Dr Ezzati, in 2008 about 1.5 billion adults,
27、 or roughly one-third of the worlds adult population, were overweight or obese. Obesity rates were nearly double those in 1980. F) Not long ago the worlds main worry was that people had too little to eat. Malnourishment remains a serious concern in some regions; some 16% of the worlds children, main
28、ly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, were underweight in 2010. But 20 years earlier the figure was 24%. In a study of 36 developing countries, based on data from 1992 to 2000, Barry Popkin of the University of North Carolina found that most of them had more overweight than underweight women. G)
29、The clearest explanation of this extraordinary modern phenomenon comes from a doctor who lived in the 5th century BC. “As a general rule,“ Hippocrates wrote, “the constitutions and the habits of a people follow the nature of the land where they live.“ Men and women of all ages and many cultures did
30、not choose gluttony and laziness over moderation and hard work in the space of just a few decades. Rather, their surroundings changed dramatically, and with them their behaviour. Much of the shift is due to economic growth. BMI rises in line with GDP up to $ 5,000 per person per year, then the corre
31、lation ends. Greater wealth means that bicycles are abandoned for motorbikes and cars, arid work in the fields is exchanged for sitting at a desk. In rich countries the share of the population that gets insufficient exercise is more than twice as high as in poor ones. H) Very importantly, argues Boy
32、d Swinburn of Deakin University in Melbourne, diets change. Families can afford to eat more food of all kinds, and particularly those high in fat and sugar. Mothers spend more time at work and less time cooking. Food companies push their products harder. Richard Wrangham of Harvard University says t
33、hat heavily processed food may have helped increase obesity rates. Softer foods take less energy to break down and finely milled grains can be digested more completely, so the body absorbs more calories. I) These global changes react with local factors to create different problems in different regio
34、ns. In some countries malnutrition is leading to higher obesity rates. Undernourished mothers produce babies who tend to gain weight easily, which makes children in fast-developing countries particularly prone to getting fat. In Mexico unreliable tap water and canny marketing have helped make the co
35、untry the worlds leading consumer of Coca-Cola; the average adult consumed 728 servings last year. In America junk-food calories are often cheaper than healthy ones. Suburban sprawl and the universal availability of food have made the car the new dining room. In the Middle East, Bedouin traditions o
36、f hosting and feasting have combined with wealth to make overeating a nightly habit. Any inclination to exercise is discouraged by heat and cultural restrictions. J) Together, these dissimilar changes have caused more and more people to become fat. Many cultures used to view a large girth with appro
37、val, as a sign of prosperity. But obesity has costs. It lowers workers productivity and in the longer term raises the risk of myriad illnesses, including heart disease, strokes and some cancers; it also affects mental health. In America, obesity-related illness accounted for one-fifth of total healt
38、h-care spending in 2005, according to one paper. K) A huge new global health study, led by Christopher Murray of the University of Washington, shows that since 1990 obesity has grown faster than any other cause of disease. For women a high BMI is now the third-largest driver of illness. At the same
39、time childhood mortality has dropped and the average age of the worlds population has risen rapidly. In combination these trends may mark a shift in public-health priorities. Increasingly, early death is less of a worry than decades spent alive and sick. L) It is plain that obesity has become a huge
40、 problem, that the factors influencing it are hard to untangle and that reversing it will involve difficult choices. Radical moves such as banning junk food would go against individuals freedom to eat what they like. Instead, some governments are cautiously spurring their citizens to eat less and ex
41、ercise more, and food companies are offering at least some healthier foods. M) In a few places obesity rates seem to be leveling, but for now waistlines in most countries continue to widen. Jiang He and his colleagues at Tulane University have estimated that by 2030 the global number of overweight a
42、nd obese people may double to 3.3 billion. That would have huge implications for individuals, governments, employers, food companies and makers of pharmaceuticals (药品 ). 37 Economic growth can result in the rises of BMI, the change of diets and insufficient exercises. 38 Instead of making radical mo
43、ves, some governments are discreetly encouraging their citizens to eat less and exercise more. 39 It is a universally common challenge to persuade children to eat vegetables. 40 More than one fourth of city-dwellers in China are overweight or obese. 41 Obese people are less productive in the workpla
44、ce and more prone to certain illness and disease. 42 People in other parts of world hold a stereotype of Americans that they are generally overweight. 43 Softer foods and finely milled grains may have contributed to the increase of obesity rates. 44 People in the Middle East are less inclined to tak
45、e exercise because of weather and cultural confinement. 45 People used to be concerned about world hunger not so long ago. 46 The third-largest cause of illness for female is a high BMI. Section C 46 In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the fi
46、rst generation of American youngsters (年轻人 ) who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member. Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are for
47、bidden to visit terminally ill patientseven when those patients are their parents. This deprives (剥夺 ) the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my co
48、lleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who wer
49、e not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies (幻想 ). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to
