1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 199及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the importance of reading. You should write at least 120 words but n
2、o more than 180 words. Section A （ A） They will be fined. （ B） They will lose their licences. （ C） They will be required to give a second sample. （ D） They will be in prison. （ A） They will be sent to a laboratory. （ B） They will lose their licences. （ C） They will be fined and could lose their lice
3、nces. （ D） They will be sentenced guilty. （ A） November and December. （ B） October and November. （ C） November. （ D） December. （ A） 5. （ B） 15. （ C） 35 （ D） 50 （ A） One month. （ B） Two months. （ C） Three months. （ D） Four months. （ A） To construct a dam. （ B） To compensate villagers who are made lan
4、dless by dam construction. （ C） To make the farmers and villagers give up the protest. （ D） To return land to the farmers and villagers. （ A） They accepted them because what they demanded has been met. （ B） They partially accepted them. （ C） They added some more demands to the measures. （ D） They we
5、re not satisfied with them because the measures didnt solve some very important problems. Section B （ A） An experiment in Antarctica. （ B） Part of the Larsen Ice Shelf. （ C） Part of the ocean in Antarctica. （ D） An expedition in Antarctica. （ A） They could be a sign of global warning. （ B） They are
6、disturbing Antarctic bird habitats. （ C） They have destroyed research facilities. （ D） They refute current scientific theories. （ A） No melting has been observed. （ B） The past several winters have been unusually severe. （ C） Nothing unusual has happened in other parts of Antarctica. （ D） The ice sh
7、elf had remained intact for centuries despite the weather （ A） Warmer water temperatures. （ B） Less aquatic life. （ C） A rise in ocean level. （ D） Colder winds. （ A） The man wants to obtain an international drivers license that he can use both in the US and in his country. （ B） The man wants to take
8、 a drivers test to get an Arizona drivers license. （ C） The man wants to know whether he can use his international drivers license in Arizona. （ D） The man wants to fill out an application for an Arizona drivers license. （ A） Show his student ID and pay ten dollars. （ B） Use his international driver
9、s license. （ C） Take a drivers test and apply for a limited license. （ D） Show proof of temporary residence. （ A） Less than one year. （ B） Four years （ C） Five years. （ D） Ten years. （ A） Fill out an application. （ B） Go back to the university to get his ID. （ C） Go to see his friend. （ D） Take a wr
10、itten exam and an eye exam. Section C （ A） Shops open early in the morning. （ B） Shops stay open for longer hours. （ C） They can buy really cheap things. （ D） They can shop with their friends. （ A） On 26th December. （ B） On 26th January. （ C） 3:30 a. m. on 26th December. （ D） 3:30 a. m. on 26th Janu
11、ary. （ A） Buy Christmas presents. （ B） Shop online. （ C） Buy presents for next Christmas. （ D） All the above. （ A） New Zealand has quite liberal rules about naming children. （ B） Unusual names for children are becoming more popular. （ C） Names beginning with a number are not allowed in New Zealand.
12、（ D） They decided to call him Superman instead. （ A） Popular culture, parents invention and super stars. （ B） Popular culture, sports and music. （ C） Parents invention, sports and super stars. （ D） Popular culture, parents invention and sports. （ A） Argentina, Germany and Japan. （ B） Germany, Japan
13、and China. （ C） Argentina, Britain and Japan. （ D） Algeria, Japan and Argentina. （ A） TV shows. （ B） Old people. （ C） Celebrities. （ D） Professional dancers. （ A） The participation of celebrities. （ B） The designing of colorful costumes. （ C） The benefits it brings. （ D） A TV program. （ A） Performer
14、s have to wear colorful dresses and suits on the show. （ B） Performers have to wear simple style clothes on the show. （ C） Performers have to wear new clothes on the show. （ D） Performers have to be formally dressed on the show. （ A） Old people. （ B） Middle-aged people. （ C） Kids and young people. （
15、 D） All of the above. Section A 26 The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the【 C1】 _ computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100【 C2】 _ that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. T
16、he source of this interference【 C3】 _unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device, such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空 ) industry, has recommended that all ai
17、rlines ban(禁止 ) such devices from being used during “【 C4】 _“ stages of flight, 【 C5】 _ take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit pa
18、ssengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are【 C6】 _to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is【 C7】 _ how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation whi
19、ch 【 C8】 _ those wavelengths which aircrafts use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的 )to inter
20、ference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation【 C9】 _. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too【 C10】 _. A) definite I) portable B) incidents J) enormous C) effects K) predicting D)
21、remains L) liberal E) critical M) affects F) particularly N) equipment G) reluctant O) loud H) refreshing 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 The Origins of Theatre A) In seeking to describe the origins of Theatre, one must rely pri
22、marily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, envisions Theatre as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may
23、 be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical
24、 forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. B) Stories (myths) may then grow
25、 up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person
26、 becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under condi
27、tions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward Theatre as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns. C) Although origin in ritual has long been the mos
28、t popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the Theatre came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, a battle, or other feats) is e
29、laborated through the narrators pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person. D) A closely related theory sees Theatre as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds.
30、 Admiration for the performers skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances. E) In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of Theatre, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop Th
31、eatre. Why did Theatre develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century BC, sees humans as naturally imitative as taking pleasure in i
32、mitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of whic
33、h drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The Theatre, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities. F) But neither the human imitative instinct
34、nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous Theatre. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires suf
35、ficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous Theatre is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased
36、to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. G) Theatreis a collaborative
37、 form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of design and stagecr
38、aft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word “theatre“ as derived from the Ancient Greek word “theatron“, “a place for viewing“ , itself from “theaomai“ , “to see“ , “to watch“ , “to observe“. H) Mo
39、dern Western theatre derives in large measure from ancient Greek drama, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. Theatre scholar Patrice Pavis defines theatricality, theatrical language, stage writing, and t
40、he specificity of theatre as synonymous expressions that differentiate theatre from the other performing arts, literature, and the arts in general. I) Theatre today includes performances of plays and musicals. Although it can be defined broadly to include opera and ballet, those art forms are outsid
41、e the scope of this article. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans. The Roman historian Livy wrote that the Romans first experienced theatre in the 4th century BCE, with a performance by Etruscan actors. The theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving and diverse art form,
42、ranging from festival performances of street theatre, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of Plautuss broadly appealing situation comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca. 37 Because we can not find a lot of concrete evidence, one must rely mainly on thinking, in
43、order to find the origins of Theatre. 38 Since there has been a long period from the beginning of theatre, which today includes performances of plays and musicals. 39 In the old time, there were a lot of rituals from which the myths may then grow up and develop. 40 Technical terminology, classificat
44、ion into genres, and themes, stock characters, and plot elements are the bases on which the modern western theatre is built. 41 Since there are different groups of idea, the origin in ritual is by no means the only theory about how the Theatre came into being. 42 According to the Ancient Greek, the
45、word “theatre“ means a place for viewing, a place to watch the program. 43 Motivation for elaborating the activities is admiration for the performers skill, virtuosity, and grace. 44 The Theatre includes not only the human imitative instinct but also a penchant for fantasy to become self-sufficient.
46、 45 According to Aristotle, all human beings share the same imitative instinct, which is taking pleasure in imitating persons. 46 Some rites are abandoned by people in the early society because the members dont think the rites have a close relationship with their expectation. Section C 46 No surpris
47、e those Facebook photos of your friends and relatives on vacation or celebrating a birthday party can make you feel lousy. In our everyday life, Facebook, for quite a long time, is supposed to envelope us in the warm embrace of our social network, and scanning friends pages is supposed to make us fe
48、el loved, supported and important (at least in the lives of those we like and concern). But skimming through photos of friends life successes can trigger feelings of envy, misery and loneliness as well, according to researchers from two German universities. The scientists studied 600 people who logg
49、ed time on the social network and discovered that one in three felt even worse after visiting the site and acquiring others sweet moments especially if they viewed friends vacation photos. Facebook frequenters who spent time on the site without posting anything of their own content were also more likely to feel dissatisfied and depressed. “We were surprised by how many people on earth ever have a negative experience from Facebook with envy, inferiority or even hatred leaving them feeling l
