1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 214及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the independence of young people in modern society. You should write at leas
2、t 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Costly and undependable web service in Nigeria. （ B） A new network project in Nigeria. （ C） New informative websites in Nigeria. （ D） Resources on the web service in Nigeria. （ A） Students, factory workers and researchers. （ B） Students, farmers
3、 and researchers. （ C） Students, medical workers and researchers. （ D） Students, medical workers and officers. （ A） The economic situation is glooming. （ B） There are less new graduates every year. （ C） The workers have less experience. （ D） The employers cannot find suitable technical workers. （ A）
4、 The number of graduates is increasing each year. （ B） Technology and workplace are changing faster. （ C） There are more vacant jobs than before. （ D） College fees are higher than before. （ A） It will double the waterways earnings in a decade. （ B） It cant turn around Egypts economy. （ C） It will be
5、 successful soon. （ D） It wont improve the lives of Egyptians. （ A） The recovery of Egypts economy. （ B） The development of Egypts industry. （ C） The health of the worlds shipping industry. （ D） The peace of the world. （ A） The education problems. （ B） The discrimination problems. （ C） The populatio
6、n problems. （ D） The debt problems. Section B （ A） She hasnt seen snow. （ B） She doesnt like to ski. （ C） She is afraid of skiing. （ D） She lives very far away from the skifield. （ A） Act like a cat. （ B） Go up step by step. （ C） Stand in the middle. （ D） Go up as quickly as possible. （ A） Cross the
7、 tips. （ B） Stop leaning forward. （ C） Point the tips together. （ D） Move to a gentle place. （ A） Pleased but afraid. （ B） Happy but nervous. （ C） Pleased and proud. （ D） Exciting and satisfied. （ A） She is honest and hardworking. （ B） She is very competent for the job. （ C） She likes her job very m
8、uch. （ D） She is hardworking but not competent. （ A） Designing a terrific web. （ B） Designing a basic web. （ C） Building a terrific BBS. （ D） Designing a terrific program. （ A） She learned the skills at a famous university. （ B） She didnt do well at school. （ C） She learned the skills by herself. （
9、D） She received some professional training. （ A） Let her leave immediately. （ B） Get an experienced man to help her. （ C） Fire her in a week. （ D） Let her get some professional training. Section C （ A） Indicate our lifestyles and values. （ B） Improve our communicative skills. （ C） Cultivate our valu
10、es. （ D） Determine our lifestyles and values. （ A） They cared little about clothing. （ B） They had poor taste in clothing. （ C） They were very conscious of clothing. （ D） They were proud of womens clothes. （ A） They cared more about clothing than white-collar workers. （ B） They were manipulated by w
11、hite-collar workers. （ C） They scoffed white-collar workers for their clothing. （ D） They conformed to the accepted pattern of clothing. （ A） Dressing patterns of workers. （ B） Mans attitude towards dress. （ C） The importance of clothing. （ D） The styles of clothing. （ A） Many workers feel embarrass
12、ed when talking about office gossip. （ B） More than half of the workers are involved in office gossip. （ C） The percentage of workers involved in office gossip has increased. （ D） Workers were reluctant to talk about office gossip before. （ A） Office gossip may boost when the company expands. （ B） W
13、orkers dare not to gossip when the company is downsizing. （ C） Office gossip may relatively drop when the economy turns better. （ D） In a financial crisis, workers are over pressured to gossip. （ A） It is beneficial to the workers productivity. （ B） It helps to deliver the latest news of the company
14、. （ C） It is an efficient way to relax peoples mind. （ D） It is a direct way for the boss to know his workers. （ A） They put them in a well. （ B） They put them in the ice. （ C） They put them in an evaporative cooler. （ D） They put them into boxes. （ A） Place it at the top of the cooler. （ B） Place i
15、t at the bottom of the cooler. （ C） Put its ends in the water. （ D） Put it outdoors. （ A） To store them in conditions that are not cold enough. （ B） To keep them directly into storage containers. （ C） To put them on the ground after cutting them with knife. （ D） To prepare them at harvest time when
16、theyre in the field. Section A 26 It seems individual cancer cells send out the same distress signals as wounds, tricking immune cells into helping them grow into tumours. The finding suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs could help to combat or prevent cancer. “Lifelong, if you take a small quantit
17、y of something that【 C1】 _inflammation(炎症 ), such as aspirin, it could reduce the risk of cancer,“ says Adam Hurlstone of the University of Manchester, UK. When tissue is wounded or infected it produces hydrogen peroxide. White blood cells called leukocytes(白血球 )are among the first cells to react to
18、 this【 C2】 _, homing in to kill the infectious agent, clean up the mess and rebuild【 C3】 _tissue. At first, the tissue becomes inflamed, but this subsides as the wound is cleared and rebuilding continues. Now, a study in zebra fish shows that this process is also instigated(唆使 )and sustained by tumo
19、ur cells. Hurlstone and his colleagues【 C4】 _engineered zebra fish so that skin cells and leukocytes would show different【 C5】 _under ultraviolet light. Some zebra fish were also engineered to have cancerous skin cells. The team found that the cancerous skin cells secreted(分泌 )hydrogen peroxide,【 C6
20、】_leukocytes which helped them on their way to become a tumour. When the team【 C7】 _hydrogen peroxide production in the zebra fish, the leukocytes were no longer attracted to cancerous cells and the cancer colonies reduced in【 C8】 _. More alarmingly, the researchers found that healthy skin cells【 C9
21、】 _to the cancerous ones also produced hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that cancer cells【 C10】_co-opt them into triggering inflammation. A)adjacent F)figure K)somehow B)blocked G)genetically L)somewhat C)changed H)hue M)summoning D)colors I)hurtful N)suppresses E)damaged J)number O)trigger 27 【 C1】 28
22、 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 On Food Safety, a Long List but Little Money A)This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli(大肠杆菌 )killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine ot
23、hers. Imported papayas(木瓜 )contaminated with salmonella(沙门氏菌 )poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines
24、the importance of the task. B)“Its an enormous undertaking,“ said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administrations deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce. Th
25、e agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing(大幅削减预算 )means that regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didnt have resources to implement the law. “The choice is we either
26、 find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You cant build something brand-new without the resources to do it.“ C)The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves settin
27、g standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rules is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basies like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that
28、 can track in bacteria. D)Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms. E)For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food sa
29、fety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer
30、 Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hope
31、d the visit would help them better understand how a farm worked. F)The complexity of the FDAs task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government expected of him. “Were all just trying to fi
32、nd out what this food safety thing is all about,“ he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in food safety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the FDAs job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest. G)The thir
33、d stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, incl
34、uding building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits(免除 )small farms that average less than $500 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms. Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much mone
35、y to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing(不加管束的 )regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked. H)But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry
36、 that budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the FDA will need hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed
37、 a budget that largely eliminates new money for the FDA. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agencys finances. I)The budget freeze or
38、 cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year. “Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive,“ said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the FDA who is now a food safety consultant.
39、“There will be a public health impact because enforcement wont be to the extent they want to do it. “ The agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it wont be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspect
40、ions would be difficult, too. The FDA has about 1 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly. J)So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law
41、. “Ive never seen the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm,“ said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest fa
42、cilities and Ms. Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. “Were not going to game the system,“ he said. 37 Ms. Kaplan worried the new law could burden small farmers, though it gives
43、 exemption to small farms. 38 In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, the Congress passed the food safety law. 39 Food safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law lack the necessary force for effectiveness. 40 Since the government cuts down the budg
44、et greatly, the FDA has no enough money to implement the food safety law. 41 The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the increasing inspections. 42 The FDA is hoped to cope with the basic food safety problems. 43 The FDA argued that the foreign food inspections wont be able to be
45、enforced due to lacking lots of new money. 44 No officials helped the farmers with the food safety problems before Mr. Taylor visited farmers around the country. 45 The most frequent inspections demanded by the law are operated on the riskiest facilities. 46 Jimmy Zilnicki doubted whether it was nec
46、essary to include potatoes in food safety rules. Section C 46 Tom was a wanderer. When his wife, Elsie, came to visit him at a care unit for patients with dementia, he would give her a perfunctory(敷衍的 )kiss, then wander off through the rooms and stare out the window. Elsie tried to walk with him and
47、 hold hands, but he would shake her off, leaving her heartsick. A music therapist at the facility, Alicia Clair, was searching for ways to help couples like Elsie and Tom connect. Ms. Clair asked Elsie if shed like to try dancing with Tom, then put on some music from the 1940s Frank Sinatra singing
48、Time After Time. Ms. Clair said, “I knew Tom was a World War II vet, and vets did a lot of ballroom dancing.“ As Sinatra began singing, Elsie opened her arms, beckoning. Tom stared a moment, then walked over and began leading her in the foxtrot(狐步舞 ). “They danced for thirty minutes!“ Ms. Clair said
49、. When they finished, Elsie broke down and sobbed. “I havent been held by my husband in three years,“ she told Ms. Clair. “Thank you for bringing him back.“ Ms. Clair, a professor of music therapy at the University of Kansas, tells this story to show how music can reach people with Alzheimers disease. Music has the power to bypass the mind and wash through us, triggering strong feelings and cueing the body to synchronize with its rhythm. Researchers and clinicians are finding that when all other means of
