1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 223及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the significance of waste sorting. You should write at least 120 words but n
2、o more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） The election is not so just as expected. （ B） American president asked them to drop out from it. （ C） They are not confident in themselves. （ D） They are afraid of being cheated and attacked. （ A） The presidential election. （
3、B） Election rescue. （ C） Boycott of election. （ D） Political transition. （ A） 20%. （ B） 70%. （ C） 80%. （ D） 17%. （ A） Decreasing the stock for food. （ B） Adjusting the food production scale. （ C） Cultivating more lands to grow. （ D） Encouraging speculation in the food market. （ A） About five months.
4、 （ B） More than half a year. （ C） Half a month. （ D） 15 to 26 months. （ A） Spectators. （ B） Athletes. （ C） Fans. （ D） Cheerleaders. （ A） Olympic cheerleaders are the same as other games. （ B） Three groups of cheerleaders work at speed skating. （ C） The all-girl team ranges in age from 15 to 26. （ D）
5、 They are dressed in attractive clothes. Section B （ A） Giving up smoking. （ B） Birth control of the family. （ C） Plan for seeing a doctor. （ D） Arrangement for breaking engagement. （ A） Smoking helps to lessen the pressure. （ B） Smoking helps him fall asleep quickly. （ C） He can get much happiness
6、from smoking. （ D） Smoking brings more chances to make friends. （ A） See a doctor to get some help. （ B） Read books about the harm of smoking. （ C） Improve his self-controlling abilities. （ D） Receive mental health treatment. （ A） Smoking is the only bad habit the man should change. （ B） She doesnt
7、love the man as deep as before. （ C） She doesnt want to have a baby if the man smokes. （ D） Maybe she will leave the man if he continues to smoke. （ A） It is a house full of cleverly-designed device. （ B） It can help people live a much easier life. （ C） It is the most comfortable house available. （
8、D） It expresses the newest architectural style. （ A） The door will open with just a touch of the finger. （ B） The refrigerator can figure out how much milk to buy. （ C） The robot can do all the housework very efficiently. （ D） The house can put out a fire in a very short time. （ A） It can do the was
9、hing automatically. （ B） He can do it all by himself. （ C） It can remind him to do it when necessary. （ D） He can ask the robot to do it. （ A） Its too wonderful to be true. （ B） Its too expensive for her. （ C） She considers it nothing fancy. （ D） She is considering buying one. Section C （ A） To ride
10、 to work from home. （ B） To find a place to park his bike. （ C） To work for 10 hours. （ D） To warm up his cars. （ A） It was a nice Kona 18 speed. （ B） It was their only possession. （ C） They used it for work and daily life. （ D） The husbands job was bike racing. （ A） From a stranger. （ B） From a new
11、spaper. （ C） From TV news. （ D） From radio broadcasts. （ A） Strangers are usually of little help. （ B） One should take care of their bike. （ C） News reports make people famous. （ D） An act of kindness can mean a lot. （ A） They eat too much for lunch. （ B） They sleep too little at night. （ C） Their b
12、ody temperatures become lower. （ D） The weather becomes a lot warmer. （ A） They work hard at noon. （ B） They feel too hot to sleep. （ C） Their work is difficult. （ D） They take naps at noon. （ A） More tired but dont want to sleep. （ B） More exhausted and sleepy later. （ C） Less tired but need more s
13、leep. （ D） More relaxed and energetic. （ A） Experience is exclusively important for success in the industry. （ B） Its top management positions are held by women. （ C） Agents in the industry can establish independent enterprises. （ D） Its employees at all levels are mostly women. （ A） To do important
14、 written work. （ B） To make good use of their knowledge. （ C） To gain the necessary experience. （ D） To deal with other people in the field. （ A） The agent should only know pricing policies of hotels. （ B） The agent needs to know how to compute fares. （ C） The agent can change travel regulations con
15、stantly. （ D） The agent neednt know new developments in the industry. Section A 26 Next time you enter a username and password, think about the rhythm of your typing. Not only can it be used to identify you, it can reveal if you are in a stressful environment. It has long been known that the rhythms
16、 of a persons typing style are【 C1】 _ over time, leading to suggestions they could be used to【 C2】 _ identity or even spot early signs of Alzheimers disease. But little was known about the effect of stress on typing【 C3】 _ , so psychologist Mike Dowman and colleagues at the University of Abertay inv
17、estigated. They asked 35 people to log into a computer 36 times over three【 C4】 _ sessions up to a month apart, using the same username and password. People were put into【 C5】 _ and relaxed states alternately (交替地 ) by listening to a range of sounds known to【 C6】 _ particular emotions. The length of
18、 time each key was held down and the “【 C7】 _ between one being released and another pressed was recorded to generate a typing “fingerprint“ for each person. The team used the data to develop and test software that identifies a person from their typing style【 C8】 _ . The data also showed that stress
19、 can be【 C9】 _ in a persons typing because it changes the pattern of timings. “Theres no question: people do type【 C10】 _ under stress,“ says Dowman. He suggests that security systems could be designed to raise the alarm if it seems that a person might be being forced to log into a system. More rese
20、arch will be needed, however, before a system could tell if a person is, say, just having a bad day or being held at gunpoint. A) stressed E) interval I) differently M) normally B) alone F) verify J) environments N) patterns C) provoke G) only K) detected O) separate D) stable H) unchangeable L) com
21、plete 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 What If A College Education Just Isnt for Everyone? A Long before the president swore last year that America will “have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world“ by 2020, the
22、 importance placed on going to college was firmly rooted in the American soul. The case is compelling: As good jobs increasingly require more education, college is widely seen as the ticket to personal economic security and to global competitiveness. And yet, theres a potential trend of concern abou
23、t a group of students sometimes called “the forgotten half,“ who, for whatever reason, do not think college is for them. Its expressed by soul-searching parents such as Crave, whose son doesnt thrive in the classroom. Its also expressed increasingly by educators, economists and policy analysts, who
24、question whether its realistic and responsible to push students into college even if the odds of academic success seem low. B Theyre swimming against a powerful tide. A small but growing number of states now require all high-schoolers to take a college entrance exam. Philadelphias mayor opened an of
25、fice in City Hall last month to help residents get information about how to attain a college degree. Bill Gates, perhaps the worlds most famous college dropout, has poured more than $2 billion into programs and scholarships to help more students complete college. But whats still getting lost, some a
26、rgue, is that too many students are going to college not because they want to, but because they think they have to. “Were force-feeding them“ the idea that “you must go to college or youll be a second-class citizen,“ says Marty Nemko, a California career counselor. Economic benefits, and more C The
27、debate over college is not new, but todays economic climate has raised the stakes. “Theres beginning to be a lot of concern among the American public that. if you dont get into that upper class, youre going to struggle your whole life,“ says Public Agendas Jean Johnson. A four-year degree is no guar
28、antee of wealth, of course. About 25% of those with bachelors degrees earn less than those with two-year degrees, studies by Georgetown Universitys Center on Education and the Workforce have found. But research consistently has shown that, on average, those at the top of higher educations pecking or
29、der reap the most benefits, both economically and beyond. D “This is a market for social position, which is why we spend so much on going to Harvard and one of the reasons its hard to get a student excited“ about community college, says Anthony Carnevale, director of the center. “Class is real, and
30、it has consequences. The position you hold, where you work, really determines your status.“ Falling through the cracks E Economists continue to debate the slight differences of trend data for jobs and wages. But some argue that college dropout rates alone suggest many students are wasting their time
31、 and money. Federal data show that fewer than 60% of new students graduate from four-year colleges in six years, and just one in three community college students earn a degree. “Its fine for most kids to go to college, of course, but it is not obvious to me that that is the best option for the major
32、ity,“ says Mike Gould, founder of New Futures, a Washington, D.C.-based organization that provides scholarships for low-income students pursuing anything from a four-year degree to a massage-therapy certification. “Some education may be a good thing or it may just be a lot of debt.“ F The problem, G
33、ould and others say, is that many high schools focus so much on college that low-achieving students fall through the cracks. A Public Agenda report this month raises similar concerns about high school guidance counseling. It follows up on a December survey that concluded most young workers who dont
34、have a college degree “are in their jobs by chance, not by choice,“ and that guidance toward a career path “is hardly clear and purposeful.“ The apprentice (学徒 ) model G Apprenticeships have long been popular in Europe, but workforce-oriented high school training is not nearly as common in U.S. scho
35、ols. One reason is that such programs sound dangerously similar to tracking sorting students by ability level, a practice repeatedly rejected in U.S. culture, in which the dominant philosophy is that all students should have opportunity to meet their full potential. If high schools were to advise st
36、udents that some education beyond high school is not necessary for everyone, “theres a little bit of a concern that. were saying a lesser goal is OK for the populations of students who have been historically least well-served by higher education,“ says Jane Wellman, executive director of Delta Proje
37、ct, which studies higher education spending. H In recent years, male college-going and completion rates have raised concerns. But those least well-served historically are low-income and underrepresented minority students, who are less likely than their peers to pursue two- and four-year degrees, and
38、 most at risk of not completing college if they do enroll. I Some evidence suggests, though, that students already are being held to different standards. A recent national survey of high school teachers by ACT Inc., the educational testing company, found 71% agreed “completely“ or “a great deal“ tha
39、t high school graduates need the same set of skills and knowledge whether they plan to go to college or enter the workforce, yet 42% said teachers reduce academic expectations for students they perceive as not being college-bound. Studies released in November by Deloitte, an international consulting
40、 firm, suggest another disconnect: A survey of 400 low-income parents found that 89% say its “extremely“ or “very important“ that their child goes to college, but just 9% of high school teachers viewed preparing students for college as their most important mission. J Deloitte CEO Barry Salzberg, cha
41、irman of the College Summit, which seeks to increase college enrollment rates, says thats misguided. “I think we should measure high schools on their college entrance rate and figure out a way to track performance of high school graduates in college and see how many go beyond one full year of colleg
42、e.“ But others say the enthusiasm to increase college-going rates ignores the reality that many students will be in over their heads once they start college. “College preparation for everyone is a very nice ideal, but we have a very high failure rate,“ says Northwestern University professor James Ro
43、senbaum. “If we dont start letting counselors be frank, were not going to fix this system.“ 37 High college dropout rate indicates that some students are wasting their time and money in college. 38 Historically speaking, minority students, being poor and underrepresented, are the least well-served g
44、roup in college education. 39 Some are worried that the high college failure rates will be ignored if we put too much emphasis on increasing college-going rates. 40 The apprenticeship in the U.S. is not as popular as in Europe in that the model conflicts with the U.S. dominant culture. 41 To increas
45、e college graduation rate, the mayor of Philadelphia informed residents about how to get a college degree. 42 College education is always considered as the ticket to economic security and high competitive power. 43 Teachers will lower their academic expectations of those who are considered as not be
46、ing college-bound. 44 The studies by Georgetown Universitys Center on Education and the Workforce show a bachelors degree doesnt necessarily bring high wages. 45 Many students think they have to go to college because thats the way to the upper social position. 46 According to the survey in December,
47、 those who dont have a college degree are in theirs jobs by chance. Section C 46 Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy. A han
48、dful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they werent doing any more physical activity than usua
49、l. Lippl and his colleagues invited 20 overweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones (荷尔蒙 ) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The mens
