1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 226及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer She
2、et 1. 1.目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差 2.产生此种现象的原因是 3.为了提高学生的自理能力，应该 On College Students Self-care Ability Section A （ A） 21 years old. （ B） 5 years old. （ C） 17 months old. （ D） 5 months old. （ A） They were separated by the US doctors. （ B） They were born with joined heads. （ C） Their father is too young to bring
3、 them up. （ D） They were sad to leave the staff. （ A） Their products were not registered. （ B） The quality of their products didnt meet the standard. （ C） They fixed price with the local seller. （ D） They bribed health workers to promote products. （ A） Information about the health benefits of bottle
4、-feeding. （ B） Instruction for the appropriate preparation in two languages. （ C） Information on how to choose the milk powder properly. （ D） Instructions to help mothers make up the milk. （ A） It changed its policy on posts with violent speech. （ B） It identified people who hate terrorists. （ C） It
5、 raised the anger of terrorists. （ D） It suspended some accounts for religious reason. （ A） Updating their information frequently. （ B） Posting hateful things regularly. （ C） Using multiple accounts. （ D） Suspending some of their accounts. （ A） They cant stop terrorists communicating through this ch
6、annel. （ B） They didnt adjust their policy over the past year. （ C） They didnt make an effort to gain promotion from the public. （ D） They dont update their service frequently enough. Section B （ A） His inbox was broken. （ B） He made a big mistake. （ C） The meeting was put off. （ D） The work was pos
7、tponed. （ A） There is a bunch of coffee. （ B） It is full of misplaced memos. （ C） The secretary works beside it. （ D） Things get piled up there. （ A） It has not been sent out yet. （ B） It was posted in the break room. （ C） It never got to the mans inbox. （ D） It was misplaced by the man. （ A） Ask th
8、e secretary about the memo. （ B） Talk to his friends about the secret. （ C） Read the memo to get the truth. （ D） Take a bunch of coffee breaks. （ A） She cant have a break again. （ B） The tires of her car are broken. （ C） She cant sell her car in the shop. （ D） Her car is being repaired again. （ A） H
9、e is incapable of repairing old cars. （ B） He may overcharge her for the repairing. （ C） He may make an incorrect estimate. （ D） He doesnt know much about cars. （ A） Offer the woman a ride home. （ B） Write the homework for the woman. （ C） Drive the woman back to campus. （ D） Recommend a new car mech
10、anic to the woman. （ A） Move back to live on campus. （ B） Leave alone those troubles. （ C） Pay a visit to the dormitory. （ D） Move to live near the campus. Section C （ A） They travel faster near the TV station. （ B） They can work better than ever before. （ C） They usually follow the curve of the ear
11、th. （ D） They travel in straight lines in all directions. （ A） Pay a monthly charge. （ B） Pay a yearly charge. （ C） Pay a daily charge. （ D） Pay an hourly charge. （ A） All classrooms use cable television. （ B） City people can see extra programs. （ C） The charge of cable is much lowered. （ D） TV sign
12、als can be received more easily. （ A） He had no pension. （ B） He had a great car. （ C） He was right at the age of 56. （ D） He owned a recipe for chicken. （ A） Ask his friends to sell Fried Chicken. （ B） Work as a cook in a famous restaurant. （ C） Sell his chicken recipe to restaurant owners. （ D） St
13、udy hard to work out a chicken recipe. （ A） 65. （ B） 105. （ C） 1008. （ D） 1009. （ A） Collectivism. （ B） Equality. （ C） Social group. （ D） Individualism. （ A） Equal rights and equal freedom. （ B） Equal worth and equal opportunity. （ C） Equal opportunity and equal pay. （ D） Equal worth and equal statu
14、s. （ A） Protesting their unequal treatment. （ B） Enduring all the hardships willingly. （ C） Fulfilling their dreams through hard work. （ D） Learning how to get freedom and equality. （ A） People can easily fight with each other. （ B） Conflicts with others become inevitable. （ C） Americans are too con
15、cerned about their status. （ D） Ones freedom can conflict with others rights. Section A 26 Barack and Michelle Obama understand the heavy burden of student loan debt. The Obamas did not pay off their student loans until Obamas best-selling books earned them millions of dollars. With the cost of a co
16、llege education【 C1】 _ , more than 60% of students take out loans to fund their undergraduate education. On average, students who borrow graduate with debts of $22,700 a【 C2】 _ of more than 18% from 2000. But some of those with a newly acquired bachelors degree are restrained with debts of $40,000 o
17、r more. You think this economys tough? Try finding a job with the【 C3】_ of repaying tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Now, a new federal program Income-Based Repayment is making it【 C4】 _ to pay back these loans. If a student chooses to repay her or his loan with this plan, payments are then rea
18、djusted based on their income to something they can【 C5】_ afford. All debt will be forgiven after 25 years. A graduate who earns less than 150% of the【 C6】 _ line wont have to make any payments. This is in addition to the year-old Public Service Loan Forgiveness program for those【 C7】 _ in jobs such
19、 as law enforcement, public health and social work. Their loans will be forgiven after 10 years. This【 C8】 _ isnt perfect; the loans have to be federal loans, not【 C9】 _ . But students with more than one federal student loan can combine them under the program. In some cases, borrowers with large deb
20、t and low-to-moderate incomes may benefit at the end of 25 years, with the【 C10】 _ of their debt forgiven. Others with higher incomes, though, will pay more. A) earning E) pressure I) balance M) easier B) state F) initiative J) raising N) working C) rising G) poverty K) private O) reasonably D) jump
21、 H) public L) barely 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go Green A Tackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western
22、lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modelling (模型化 ) exercise suggests that these
23、 fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UKs emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need n
24、ot lead to big changes in our lifestyle. B “These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,“ says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “Its not such a big ask as people are making out.“ Although it is impossible to precisely predict p
25、rices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future. C Though its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previous research has come to similar conc
26、lusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC. “Even cutting em
27、issions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,“ says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case.“ D The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut th
28、eir emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to
29、cut down fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases. E How will this affect the average citizens wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK po
30、pulation, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut w
31、ith a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol (京都议定书 ). F Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expens
32、ive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In todays prices, that would add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses elect
33、ricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factors raw materials, labour and taxes are far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer
34、price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 per cent. G As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence t
35、o the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden o
36、f carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent raising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around 350 to 840. H Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost
37、160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help sw
38、itch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented
39、still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics. I So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely resp
40、ected and regularly used by the UK governments climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the models results. J For example, companies could move to countries with less stri
41、ct carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite th
42、is, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come. 37 Ca
43、mbridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data. 38 Richard Tol points out that UK companies could find other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price. 39 The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically be
44、cause no clean energy can replace the jet fuel. 40 Some economists doubt the models results because the prediction may be diverted by unforeseen events. 41 As the cost of a green revolution rises, the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases. 42 The Cambridge Econometrics r
45、esults provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge. 43 The two major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system. 44 To reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK indus
46、tries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead. 45 According to the modellers, emission cuts wont change the lifestyle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out. 46 A study showed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four dec
47、ades has little effect on the price. Section C 46 Earlier this year I met with a group of women in Matela, a small farming village in Tanzania, and we discussed something thats been on all of our minds lately: finding a safe place to save money. The women said their babies were getting sick from mal
48、aria (疟疾 ), and they could afford the drugs if they saved money over time but with no access to formal savings accounts, they had a hard time safeguarding cash. So they saved in risky and inefficient ways. They made loans to each other, or bought goats or jewelry, then sold them if they suddenly nee
49、ded money. The success of microloans has opened new opportunities for many poor people and has been a crucial factor in reducing poverty. But loans are not enough. Savings accounts could help people in the developing world with unexpected events, accumulate money to invest in education, increase their productivity and income, and build their financial security. Fortunately, this is a moment of opportunity. New policy ideas are uniting in ways that will lower the cos
