1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Styles of Living following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1有些人愿意和父母居住在一起 2
2、有些人想自己独立居住 3我的看法 Styles of Living Section A （ A） Buy the tickets on the Internet. （ B） Buy the tickets on the phone. （ C） Buy the tickets at the train station. （ D） Buy the tickets at the tickets outlets. （ A） He majors in diplomacy. （ B） He is interested in American history. （ C） He wants to be a d
3、iplomat in the future. （ D） He gave a speech on Sino-US relations last Wednesday. （ A） He would like to stay in a big city. （ B） He prefers to go to a smaller city. （ C） He doesnt like second-tier cities. （ D） He dreams of being a big fish. （ A） Her blood pressure is a little high. （ B） She needs a
4、further check. （ C） She gets a fever. （ D） She is not seriously ill. （ A） The visual effect of the TV is not satisfying. （ B） The TV is not suitable for her. （ C） She cannot afford the TV. （ D） Some functions of the TV are useless. （ A） The man should lose some weight. （ B） The man is in poor health
5、. （ C） The oily food is harmful to the mans health. （ D） The woman would like to cook for the man. （ A） Waiting to watch a film outside the cinema. （ B） Waiting to buy some drinks at the school bar. （ C） Discussing the plot and actors of a movie. （ D） Waiting for the hotdog at the snack bar. （ A） Th
6、e apartment is far from the campus. （ B） The traffic is not convenient. （ C） The apartment is located in the center of the city. （ D） There is no furniture in the apartment. （ A） He is proficient in driving. （ B） He is kind and learned. （ C） He knows a shortcut to the museum. （ D） He is an inexperie
7、nced taxi driver. （ A） It is famous for its collection of paintings. （ B） It is likely to close at 6:00. （ C） It is the landmark of the city. （ D） It is a place the tourists must visit. （ A） it is cheaper than other restaurants. （ B） The portions are smaller than other restaurants. （ C） Its decorati
8、on is very good. （ D） The service is fabulous. （ A） There is no taxi around the museum. （ B） There is a pedestrian street in front of the museum. （ C） There is no bus station by the museum. （ D） There is a subway station just outside the museum. （ A） His car is broken down. （ B） He is caught in an a
9、ccident. （ C） His car is parked in a no-parking area. （ D） His car ran a red light. （ A） It is covered by branches. （ B） It is too far to be seen. （ C） It cant be seen in a car. （ D） Its color is not so bright. （ A） Go to the lecture on the history of the English language. （ B） Accept the coupons fo
10、r a free burger. （ C） Return 150 dollars to the man. （ D） Give the man a ticket and tow his car away. Section B （ A） Along big rivers. （ B） Near the sources of rivers. （ C） Near the sources of lakes. （ D） Near the sources of fresh water. （ A） By mixing salt water with fresh water. （ B） By producing
11、more seawater. （ C） By changing salt water into fresh water. （ D） By adding certain amount of chemicals. （ A） It costs too much. （ B） Its process doesnt work yet. （ C） Seawater is too scarce. （ D） Seawater cant be processed. （ A） A motor-driven corn sheller. （ B） A hand-powered peanut sheller. （ C）
12、A motor-driven peanut sheller. （ D） A hand-powered corn sheller. （ A） To research and design more advanced shelters. （ B） To popularize agricultural devices in rural areas. （ C） To provide as many job opportunities as possible. （ D） To develop rural economies and get rid of hunger. （ A） Spread the h
13、and-powered shelters in some urban areas. （ B） Invent new technologies to treat malnutrition. （ C） Design some simple devices for processing healthy foods. （ D） Establish the Full Belly Project in other countries. （ A） To lock people. （ B） To punish people. （ C） To sentence people. （ D） To isolate p
14、eople. （ A） Because the Europeans committed fewer crimes. （ B） Because a religious group opposed the cruel punishments. （ C） Because the Europeans opposed the use of the cruel punishments. （ D） Because the government wanted to adopt less cruel punishments. （ A） Abolishing execution. （ B） Training pr
15、isoners. （ C） Using less cruel punishments. （ D） Allowing prisoners to work together. （ A） It classified prisoners based on age. （ B） It was for offenders of all ages. （ C） It permitted prisoners to work together. （ D） It was stopped by a religious group. Section C 26 The nicotine gum and patches ar
16、e often used by millions of smokers to help kick their habit. But they have no lasting benefit and may backfire in some cases, according to the most【 B1】 _long-term study to date of so-called nicotine replacement therapy. The study, published Monday in the【 B2】 _Tobacco Control, included nearly 800
17、people trying to quit smoking over a period of several years, and is likely to intensify a long-running debate about the value of nicotine【 B3】 _. The market for nicotine replacement products has taken off in recent years, rising to more than $ 800 million annually from $ 129 million in 1991. The pr
18、oducts were【 B4】_over-the-counter sale in 1997, and many state Medicaid programs cover at least one of them. In medical studies, the products have proved【 B5】 _, making it easier for people to quit, at least in the short term. Those earlier, more encouraging findings were the basis for federal【 B6】
19、_that recommended the products for quitting smoking. But in surveys, smokers who have used the over-the-counter products have reported little benefit. Doctors said that the study findings were not unexpected, given the occasional way many smokers used the products. “Patient【 B7】 _is a very big issue
20、,“ said Dr. Richard Hurt, director of the Nicotine Dependence Center at the Mayo Clinic, who was not【 B8】 _the study. The researchers argue that while nicotine replacement appears to help people quit, it is still not enough【 B9】 _Motivation matters a lot; so does a persons social environment, the am
21、ount of support from friends and family, and the rules【 B10】_at the workplace. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 They were the Macbeths of information technology: a wicked couple who seized power and abused it in bloody and greedy
22、 ways. But in recent years, the story has【 C1】_Bill Gates, Microsofts founder, has retired to give away his billions. The “Wintel“ couple(short for “Windows“ and “Intel“)are【 C2】 _seen as yesterdays tyrants. Rumors【 C3】 _that a coup is brewing to oust Steve Ballmer, Microsofts current boss. Yet ther
23、e is life in the old technologists. They still control the two most important standards in【 C4】 _: Windows, the operating system for most personal computers, and “Intel Architecture,“ the set of rules governing how software【 C5】 _with the processor it runs on. More than 80% of PCs still run on the “
24、Wintel“ standard. Accordingly,【 C6】 _for Windows and PC chips, which flagged during the global recession, has【 C7】 _So have both firms results: to many peoples surprise, Microsoft announced a thumping(巨大的 )quarterly profit of $4.5 billion in July; Intel earned a(n) 【 C8】 _$2.9 billion. So now is a g
25、ood time to take stock of ITs most hated power couple. As The Economist went to press, Intel was on track to reach a【 C9】 _with Americas Federal Trade Commission(FTC), which would in effect end the antitrust woes that have【 C10】 _both firms. And Microsoft has recently strengthened its ties with ARM,
26、 Intels new archrival(对手 ). This suggests that the Wintel marriage is crumbling. A)interacts F)impressive K)incredibly B)increasingly G)resolution L)demand C)various H)recovered M)computing D)persist I)plagued N)settlement E)desire J)changed O)consider 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42
27、 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Fixing a World That Fosters Obesity Environment Fostering Obesity A)Why are Americans getting fatter and fatter? The simple explanation is that we eat too much junk food and spend too much time in front of screensbe they television, phone or c
28、omputerto burn off all those empty calories. One handy prescription for healthier lives is behavior modification. If only people ate more fresh produce. If only children exercised more. Unfortunately, behavior changes wont work on their own without huge societal shifts, health experts say, because e
29、ating too much and exercising too little are merely symptoms of a much larger disease. The real problem is a landscape littered with inexpensive fast-food meals; much advertising for fatty, sugary products? inner cities that lack supermarkets; and unhealthy, high-stress workplaces. In other words, i
30、ts the environment. B)“Everyone knows that you shouldnt eat junk food and you should exercise,“ says Kelly D. Brownell, the director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale. “But the environment makes it so difficult that fewer people can do these things, and then you have a public he
31、alth catastrophe.“ Dr. Brownell, who has a doctorate in psychology, is among a number of leading researchers who are proposing large-scale changes to food pricing, advertising and availability, all in the hope of creating an environment favorable to healthier diet and exercise choices. To that end,
32、health researchers are grappling with how to fix systems that are the root causes of obesity, says Dee W. Edington, the director of the Health Management Research Center at the University of Michigan. “ If you take a changed person and put them in the same environment, they are going to go back to t
33、he old behaviors,“ says Dr. Edington, who has a doctorate in physical education. “If you change the culture and the environment first, then you can go back into a healthy environment and, when you get change, it sticks.“ C)Indeed, despite individual efforts by some states to tax soda pop, promote fa
34、rm stands, require healthier school lunches or order calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity rates in the United States are growing. An estimated 72. 5 million adults in the United States are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last year, about 27 percent of
35、 adults said they were obese, compared with about 20 percent in 2000, as reported in a Centers for Disease Control study published this month. And, the report said, obesity may cost the medical system as much as $ 147 billion annually. Equalizing Food Price D)So what kind of changes might help nudge
36、(促使 )Americans into healthier routines? Equalizing food pricing, for one. Fast-food restaurants can charge lower prices for value meals of hamburgers and French fries than for salad because the government subsidizes the corn and soybeans used for animal feed and vegetable oil, says Barry Popkin, a p
37、rofessor of nutrition at the Gillings School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “We have made it more expensive to eat healthy in a very big way,“ says Dr. Popkin, who has a doctorate in agricultural economics and is the author of a book called The World Is Fat: The
38、 Fads, Trends, Policies and Products That Are Fattening the Human Race. E)The inflation-adjusted price of a McDonalds quarter-pounder with cheese, for example, fell 5.44 percent from 1990 to 2007, according to an article on the economics of child obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. But
39、the inflation-adjusted price of fruit and vegetables, which are not subject to federal largess(赠予 ), rose 17 percent just from 1997 to 2003, the study said. Cutting agricultural subsidies would have a big impact on peoples eating habits, says Dr. Popkin. “If we cut the subsidy on whole milk and made
40、 it cheaper only to drink low-fat milk,“ he says, “people would switch to it and it would save a lot of calories.“ Company Keeping Employees From Obesity F)Health experts are also looking to the private sector. On-site fitness centers and vending machines that sell good-for-you snacks are practical
41、workplace innovations that many companies have instituted. On a more philosophical level, innovative companies are training managers not to burn out employees by overworking them, says Dr. Edington of the University of Michigan. “Stress comes up. It can lead to overeating and obesity,“ Dr. Edington
42、says. At companies that see employee health as a renewable resource, he adds, managers encourage employees to go home on time so they can spend more time with their families, communities or favorite activities. “Instead of going home with an empty tank, you can go home with the energy that we gave y
43、ou by the way we run our business,“ he says. G)Corporate-sector efforts arent entirely altruistic(无私心的 ). Its less expensive for businesses to keep healthy workers healthy than to cover the medical costs of obesity and related problems like diabetes(糖尿病 ). For employees at IBM and their families, fo
44、r example, the annual medical claim for an obese adult or child costs about double that of a non-obese adult or child, says Martin J. Sepulveda, IBMs vice president for integrated health services. H)IBM has been promoting wellness for employees since the 1980s. But in 2008, it began offering a new p
45、rogram, the Childrens Health Rebate, to encourage employees to increase their at-home family dinners, their servings of fruits and vegetables, and their physical activities, as well as to reduce their childrens television and computer time. In addition to helping prevent obesity in children, Mr. Sep
46、ulveda says, the program is aimed at employees who might neglect to exercise on their own but would willingly participate as part of a family project. Each family that completes the program receives $ 150. Britain Launching an Attack Concerning Obesity I)All of these ideas sound promising. But the a
47、rchitecture of obesity is so entrenched(难以更改的 )that policy makers, companies, communities, families and individuals will need to undertake a variety of efforts to displace and replace it, says Alan Lyles, a professor at the School of Health and Human Services at the University of Baltimore. J)And Am
48、erican efforts can seem piecemeal compared with those in Britain, where the government has undertaken an allround national attack, requiring changes in schools, health services and the food industry. Britain now places restrictions on advertising fatty, sugary and salty foods during childrens shows,
49、 for example. And by 2011, cooking classes will be mandatory(强制性的 )for all 11- to 14-year-old students in the nation. The hope is to teach a generation of children who grew up on prepared foods how to cook healthy meals, and perhaps to make eating at homeinstead of at the local fried fish-and-chips shopthe default option. 47 Equalizing food price will encourage Americans to live a healthier lifestyle. 48 Obese employees will cost companies more mon
