1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and give your comments. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
2、 words. Section A （ A） Offices. （ B） Restaurants. （ C） Bars. （ D） School playgrounds. （ A） Television producers. （ B） Hotel owners. （ C） Medical workers. （ D） Hospital management. （ A） 1.5 years. （ B） 1.4 years. （ C） 1.2 years. （ D） 1.1 years. （ A） New-born baby. （ B） Maternal. （ C） Male. （ D） Middl
3、e-aged. （ A） Doctors are sometimes professionally incompetent. （ B） In cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations. （ C） Language barriers might lower the quality of treatment. （ D） Language barriers can result in fatal consequences. （ A） 71 million. （ B） 91million. （ C） 8 lmillion. （ D
4、） 17 million. （ A） They have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters. （ B） They have realized the problems of language barriers. （ C） They have begun training their staff to speak two or more languages. （ D） They have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis. Section B （ A） At home. （ B） In t
5、he office. （ C） In a computer store. （ D） In a bar. （ A） Chicago. （ B） Hong Kong. （ C） San Francisco. （ D） Illinois. （ A） Stay at home. （ B） Attend a computer course. （ C） Celebrate his mother s birthday. （ D） Go to San Francisco. （ A） World Wide Web is the Internet. （ B） The first thing the man did
6、 when he got up was to turn on the computer. （ C） Today is the birthday of the man s mother. （ D） The woman is not good at computer. （ A） How to deal with the aggravating people. （ B） How to deal with bosses. （ C） How to manage the subordinates. （ D） How to change yourself. （ A） In the office. （ B）
7、At home. （ C） In a library. （ D） In a book store. （ A） It is easier to change others than change yourself. （ B） What is a most common annoying type of boss like. （ C） How to keep a relationship with your co-workers. （ D） Stop complain and do something. （ A） She is interested in this book. （ B） She i
8、s the author of this book. （ C） She is an expert in this field. （ D） She is a great boss. Section C （ A） It should only be attempted by experienced researchers. （ B） It may cause researchers to avoid publishing good work. （ C） It is currently being done to excess. （ D） It can be useful in planning f
9、uture research. （ A） The research has not been written in an interesting way. （ B） The research has been done in unimportant fields. （ C） The researchers did not adequately establish the relationships involved. （ D） The researchers failed to provide an appropriate summary. （ A） It is more difficult
10、than the students researchers may realize. （ B） The researcher should get help from other people. （ C） The questions should be brief so that they will be understood. （ D） It is important to follow formulas closely. （ A） In the white page. （ B） In the blue page. （ C） In the yellow page. （ D） In a spe
11、cial section. （ A） On the first page of the telephone book. （ B） At the end of the telephone book. （ C） In the front of the white page. （ D） Right after the white page. （ A） Check your number and call again. （ B） Tell the operator what has happened. （ C） Ask the operator to put you through. （ D） Ask
12、 the operator what has happened. （ A） College. （ B） High school. （ C） Sports event. （ D） Park. （ A） Johnny Bell. （ B） John Campbell. （ C） Johnny Campbell. （ D） Johnny Camp. （ A） In 1898. （ B） In 1938. （ C） In 1913. （ D） In 1930. （ A） They jump and dance in front of the crowd and shout the name of th
13、eir team. （ B） Their job is to excite the crowd. （ C） They want their team to win the game. （ D） All of the above. Section A 26 The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acti
14、ng as a【 C1】 _for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【 C2】_a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【 C3】 _of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【 C4】 _by what is happening on the screen,
15、children not only imitate what they see but directly identify themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the prevalence of violence in the media and its【 C5】 _harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【 C6】 _, such as video
16、 games and the Internet. Another large societal concern on our young generation imposed by the media is body image.【 C7】 _forces can influence body image positively or negatively. In the mass media, the images of standardized beauty fill magazines and newspapers, 【 C8】_from our televisions and enter
17、tain us at the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【 C9】 _on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【 C10】 _defined standard of attractiveness, an ideal that carries unrealistic physical expectations. A)preference B)expense C)ful
18、fills D)Attracted E)External F)emerged G)Explicit H)beam I)play J)take K)potential L)barely M)narrowly N)imposed O)substitute 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 A Loggers Lament A)My father was a logger. My husband is a logger. My
19、sons will not be loggers. Loggers are an endangered species, but the environmental groups, which so righteously protect endangered species in the animal kingdom, have no concern for their fellow human beings under siege. Loggers are a much misunderstood people, pictured as brutal rapists of our plan
20、et, out to denude it of trees and, as a result, of wildlife. B)It is time to set the record straight. Loggers take great pride in the old growth trees, the dinosaurs of the forests, and would be sorry to see them all cut. There are in the national forests in Washington and Oregon(not to mention othe
21、r states)approximately 8.5 million acres of forested land, mostly old growth set aside, never to be used for timber production. In order to see it all, a man would have to spend every weekend and holiday for sixty years looking at timber at a rate of more than one-thousand acres per day. This does n
22、ot include acreage to be set aside for spotted-owl protection. C)In addition to this amount of forested land never to be logged, the State of Washington forest Practices Act, established in 1973, specifies that all land that is clear-cut of trees must be replanted unless converted to some other use.
23、 As a tree farmer generally plants more trees per acre than he removes, more trees are being planted than are being cut. In the last twenty years in Clark County, Washington, alone, the Department of Natural Resources has overseen the planting of at least 15000 acres of previously unforested private
24、 lands. D)The term logger applies to the person harvesting trees. A tree farmer is the one who owns the land and determines what is to be done with it. To a tree farmer, clear-cutting is no more than the final harvest of that generation of trees. The next spring, he reforests the land. To the public
25、, clear-cutting is a bad word. Does the public cry shame when a wheat farmer harvests his crop and leaves a field of stubble in place of the beautiful wheat? E)In the Pacific Northwest, in five years, the nearly planted trees will grow taller than the farmers head:in ten years, more than fifteen fee
26、t tall:and in twenty to thirty years, the trees will be ready for the first commercial harvest. The farmer then thins the trees to make room for better growth. In forty to fifty years, he will be ready to clear-cut his farm and replant again. Contrary to public opinion, it does not take three hundre
27、d years to grow a Douglas fir tree to harvestable age. F)Tree farming keeps us in wood products. We build with wood, write on paper, and even use the unmentionable in the bathroom. But in order to keep this flow of wood products available, we need to keep it economically feasible to grow trees. If w
28、e restrict the tree-farming practices because we do not like clear-cuts or because some animals might(and probably might not)become extinct, or we restrict markets for the timber by banning log exports or overtax the farmer, we are creating a situation where the farmer will no longer grow trees. If
29、he cannot make money, he will not tree-farm. He will sell his tree farm so that it can grow houses. The land that grows trees is the natural resource: the trees are just a crop. G)Legislation is constantly being introduced to take away the private property rights of tree farmers. They are beleaguere
30、d by the public, who believe that any forest belongs to the public. Who, after all, buys the land and pays the taxes? Who invests money in property that will yield them an income only once every twenty to thirty years? Would John Q. Public picnic in a farmer s wheat field? H)The tree farmer must hav
31、e a diversified market. When there is a building slump in this country, it is vital to the industry to have an export market. Earlier recessions were devastating to tree farmers until markets were developed overseas. Some trees have little market value in the United States. The logs China and Korea
32、bought in the late 1980s could not be sold here to cover the cost of delivery. I)As to the wildlife becoming extinct, that is a joke that is not very funny. Animals thrive in clear-cuts better than in old-growth timber. Look at the Mount St. Helens blast area. Nature created an immense clearing and
33、now deer, elk, and other wildlife are returning in numbers. Why? Because there is more food growing in an open area than under the tall trees. And as for the spotted owl, surely the 8.5 million acres set aside is enough to maintain quite a respectable owl population. Numerous recent observations sho
34、w that the owl lives in second-growth timber as well as in old growth. In the Wenatchee National Forest there are more than two hundred fifty examples of spotted owls living in other than old-growth timber. The owl is a tool of the environmentalist groups to get what they want: the complete eradicat
35、ion of the species Logger. J)Consider the scenic value of a preserved old-growth forest versus a managed stand of timber. In Glacier National Park, Montana, for example, which is totally untouched, one sees the old trees, the dead and dying trees, the windfalls crisscrossing the forest. In a managed
36、 forest, one sees the older stands with the forest floor cleared of the dead windfalls, leaving a more parklike setting. In the younger stands, one sees the beautiful new trees with their brilliant greens thrusting their tops to the sky and, in the clear-cuts, before the new trees obscure the view,
37、one sees the huckleberry bushes with their luscious-tasting berries, the bright pink of fireweed and deer and elk feeding. True environmentalists husband the land:they do not let the crops stagnate and rot. Tree farming regenerates the trees and utilizes the product. 37 Tree farmers need an economic
38、al guarantee to keep the wood products markets run smoothly. 38 The number that a logger plants trees is much larger than the number of trees removed. 39 For the forestry, it is necessary to develop an export market in case of a building slump. 40 Animals live and multiply better in clear-cuts than
39、in areas full of old trees. 41 The environmental groups are not concerned about loggers who are usually misunderstood by people. 42 True environmentalists economize each acre, and will certainly not let the land be covered with rotted crops. 43 In the Pacific Northwest, the planted trees will be cut
40、 and replanted again in forty to fifty years. 44 Clear-cutting means differently to a tree farmer and the public. 45 The owl is a helper for the environmentalist groups to eliminate loggers. 46 The public think no forest belongs to the tree farmers who are supposed to be deprived of the private prop
41、erty rights. Section C 46 Gestures arent the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example, Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East. “Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the polite
42、limit in offices and during social calls, “ counsels “Travel Pak, “ a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. “But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If youve had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle as you hand it back. That means “No mo
43、re, thank you.“ Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing, “ notes “Travel Pak.“ An old Arab cus torn calls for keeping an “open office.“ The British, however, consider it impolite to int
44、errupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. They should be allowed to leave without e
45、ffusive goodbyes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has be
46、en established. In the Arab world, the word “no“ must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People s Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis,
47、 President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure its modest in value. This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, “ The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. “You may be greeted with clap
48、ping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school. Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like youre clapping for yourself.“ 47 In the Middle East, it is considered_. （ A） impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee （ B） impolite to drink more than 3 cup
49、s of coffee unless your host drinks more （ C） polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can （ D） polite to leave a party as early as you want 48 In Japan, the guest at an evening party will_. （ A） leave early without saying goodbyes （ B） stay as long as he can （ C） stay to have a swimming with the host （ D） present his business cards immediately 49 In Finland, business guests may_. （ A） take flowers to the host （ B） send an expensive gift to the host （ C） have a swimming or sauna with the host （ D） presen
