1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an easy comment on the saying “Life is full of roses and thorns“. You can write down your understanding of it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A）
2、11. （ B） 6. （ C） 37. （ D） 17 （ A） He failed to yield the right of way and sideswiped another car. （ B） He drank a lot before driving. （ C） He drove the car carelessly. （ D） He got lost because of the weather conditions. （ A） More than 200. （ B） More than 150. （ C） More than 100. （ D） More than 87. （
3、 A） It was a terrorist attack. （ B） When many officials were killed. （ C） It was a terrible protesting movement. （ D） When 60 people were shot and killed in Onitsha. （ A） 15. （ B） More than 70. （ C） 39. （ D） 32 （ A） Because they want to realize their dreams. （ B） Because they want to seek greater at
4、tention. （ C） Because they have to accomplish others requirement. （ D） Because this is their jobs. （ A） Bicycle races. （ B） Standing on train tracks. （ C） Falling from high places. （ D） Dangerous sports. Section B （ A） He went to the match. （ B） He took participate in a meeting. （ C） He watched a sp
5、ort match. （ D） He listened to the commentary. （ A） It was very exciting. （ B） It was pretty boring. （ C） It was very interesting. （ D） It was pretty happy. （ A） It will go for one year. （ B） It will go for more than two years. （ C） It all depends on how they shape after Christmas. （ D） It will go f
6、orever. （ A） Blake got injured. （ B） They won that match. （ C） They made a mistake. （ D） They had to give up that match. （ A） They are eating for dinner. （ B） They are talking about their promotion. （ C） They are choosing their menus. （ D） They are celebrating for the woman s promotion. （ A） Waiter
7、and customer. （ B） Good friends. （ C） Husband and wife. （ D） Colleagues. （ A） It is a kind of delicious soup. （ B） It is a famous starter. （ C） It is a dessert, an English specialty. （ D） It is a known main course. （ A） She loves neither of them. （ B） She loves French cuisine more. （ C） She loves bo
8、th of them. （ D） She loves Chinese cuisine more. Section C （ A） Because they like cooked food. （ B） Because they have many traditional diet therapy. （ C） Because they pay attention to nutrition arrangement. （ D） Because vegetables are their main ingredients. （ A） Temperature. （ B） Level of attainmen
9、t. （ C） Nutrition arrangement. （ D） Ingredients. （ A） Loving for people in need. （ B） Collective tradition. （ C） Respecting for the elderly. （ D） Being frugal. （ A） Around 80% of Taiwan s young people and 55% of the entire people. （ B） About 400,000 people. （ C） About 40 million people. （ D） Around
10、60% of Taiwan people. （ A） The ruling of its leaders. （ B） The areas multi-party democracy. （ C） Its open-minded attitude towards new things. （ D） Their religion direction. （ A） Taiwan s Nationalist Party. （ B） People First Party. （ C） Democratic Progressive Party. （ D） The New Party. （ A） Sleeping
11、more can make more money. （ B） Sleeping has lots of benefits. （ C） The effect of additional sleep has a high monetary value. （ D） There are so many reasons to lead to more wages. （ A） Many people had better choose to sleep more to increase wages. （ B） Different people hold different attitudes toward
12、s the conclusion. （ C） A one-hour increase in average weekly sleep increases wages by 1.3% in the short run and 5% in the long run. （ D） Many people take suspicious attitudes towards the conclusion. （ A） Sunrise times across British time zones. （ B） Sunrise times across American time zones. （ C） Sun
13、set times across British time zones. （ D） Sunset times across American time zones. （ A） The surroundings. （ B） The cumulative influence of other people. （ C） The governments intervention. （ D） Social trend. Section A 26 As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are ve
14、ry complicated. Generally speaking, the Account Department is【 C1】 _for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to【 C2】 _a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a【 C3】 _of j
15、ob evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be【 C4】 _, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is
16、given a value, generally in “points“ , which are【 C5】 _together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their【 C6】 _to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in meas
17、uring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without【 C7】 _to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should【 C8】_the value of each job with those in the job market.【 C9】 _, that payment for a job should vary w
18、ith any distinctions in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for【 C10】 _workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. A)useful I)referen
19、ce B)ability J)responsible C)compare K)combined D)Basically L)Necessarily E)courage M)find F)adopt N)indirect G)successful O)method H)added 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Being Objective on Climate Change ALast week, Craig Ruck
20、er, a climate-change skeptic and the executive director of a nonprofit organization called the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow(CFACT), tweeted a quotation supposedly taken from a 1922 edition of the Washington Post: “Within a few years it is predicted due to ice melt the sea will rise its all
21、on me. M: You are very kind. W: (13)Friends are friends. I cannot get promoted often. Are you ready to order? M: Ah, (14-1)can you tell me what the Hot Fudge Sundae is? W: (14-2)Thats a dessert. Its an English specialty. Its a kind of ice cream with a hot sticky sauce over the topvery sweet and fatt
22、ening! M:I dont really like the sound of that. How come there is English food? I thought we agreed to eat American food. W: Our country is made up of people from all over the world, so besides collected words and phrases from every language,weve also absorbed recipes. We even have a lot of Chinese r
23、estaurants now. M: (15-1)Which is better, French or Chinese cuisine? W: (15-2)Id say its a toss-up. I love them both. M: I didnt know you were so fond of foreign foods. When my boss promotes me, I will take you to a French restaurant near my company. The food there is delicious. W:Oh, we will have a
24、 second dinner soon. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.What are the two speakers doing? 13.Whats the relationship between the two speakers? 14.What is the Hot Fudge Sundae? 15.What does the woman think of French and Chinese cuisine? 13 【正确答案】 D 14 【正确答案】 B 15 【
25、正确答案】 C 16 【正确答案】 C Section C 17 【听力原文】 Chinese cuisine is noted for the following characteristics: (16)Vegetables are the main ingredients. This explains why most Chinese women are slim and men are free of cardiovascular diseases. This is because in China there is a traditional respell for land. Th
26、e Chinese are meticulous about food preparation. Whether the ingredients they use are pastries or vegetables， they always try to make the dishes tasty. For example, beans, a common vegetable, are exquisitely prepared into such delicious dishes as bean sprouts and bean curd. The Chinese people like w
27、ell prepared food. (17)To facilitate food absorption and digestion, they are scrupulous about the temperature while cooking. Under-cooked food is unacceptable to them. To the Chinese, the sight of westerners eating under-cooked steaks still oozing blood inside is horrible. In addition, warm soup is
28、very important. Wonton, or dumpling soup， and noodles are popular nationwide. Other hot soups include jellied bean curd, rice porridge and corn porridge. Chinese also like to eat together, a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division. R
29、ound tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Friends eat and live together. A recent book by
30、 an American sinologist held that the (18)Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.Why are most Chinese woman slim according to the speaker? 17.What do Chinese people pay attention to while cook
31、ing? 18.What Chinese spirit comes from the practice of eating together? 17 【正确答案】 D 18 【正确答案】 A 19 【正确答案】 B 20 【听力原文】 Taiwan is set to become the first area of Asia to legalise same-sex marriage. One of three bills is already being reviewed by lawmakers, so same-sex couples might be able to marry wi
32、thin a matter of months. This is a groundbreaking feat for LGBT couples, who dont currently have legal, medical and educational autonomy over their partners children and assets if something happens to them. (19)Around 80% of Taiwans young people and 55% of the entire people support same-sex marriage
33、 and Taiwans first female head, President Tsai Ing-wen, has been pressing for legalisation. (20)The liberal attitude is thought to be a result of the areas multi-party democracy which allows an array of views to be heard along with the establishment of feminism and the fight for gender and LGBT equa
34、lity during and since the 1990s. Similarly, most of the Taiwanese people follow Buddhism and traditional Chinese religions that dont take a strict stance on sexual orientation. Jens Damm, associate professor at a top Taiwan university explains that the “elite became in favour of a kind of gender equ
35、ality”, furthering the rights of LGBT folk too. While the same-sex marriage bill has had tremendous backing, it hasnt been a smooth ride to marriage equality. (21)Taiwans Nationalist Party has attempted to reject same-sex marriage bills repeatedlyin 2013 around 400,000 people signed a petition again
36、st same-sex marriage. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19.How many people support the same-sex marriage in Taiwan? 20.What caused this liberal attitude according to the speaker? 21.Which party of Taiwan rejects same-sex marriage? 20 【正确答案】 A 21 【正确答案】 B 22 【正确答案】 A 23
37、 【听力原文】 We all know sleep matters for job performance as sleep affects attention, memory and cognitionimportant factors in the workplace. But (22)striking new research suggests the effect of additional sleep has a high monetary value. A paper from Matthew Gibson of Williams College and Jeffrey Shrad
38、er of the University of California at San Diego says (23)a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep increases wages by 1.3% in the short run and 5% in the long run. Dont think you can start to sleep more and you will instantly make more money. Its more about the subtle interplay between how people
39、schedule their lives, how much time they have available to sleep and how that affects worker performance and, ultimately, earnings. (24)To investigate how sleep affects worker wages, the researchers took advantage of a kind of natural experimentsunset times across American time zones. They find that
40、 a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep in a location increases wages by 1.3% in the short run, which include changes of less than a year, and 5% in the long run. By moving to a location where a sunset is one hour earlier, a worker will make an additional $1,570 a year. A county that experience
41、s a sunset one hour earlier has on average a 6% higher median home value, about $7,900 to $8,800, they say. Not all of these wage differences are due directly to sleep, the researchers caution. (25)Some could be due to the cumulative influence of other people. If the workers around you are made slig
42、htly more productive by sleeping better, that could make your work more productive, too. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.What does the new research suggest? 23.What did a paper from the University of California say? 24.What natural experiment did the researchers t
43、ake advantage of? 25.What else could lead to the wage differences except sleep? 23 【正确答案】 C 24 【正确答案】 C 25 【正确答案】 D 26 【正确答案】 B Section A 27 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为形容词。一个公司会计部门的职责之一就是核算和发放工资，而该 句话说的正是会计部门的职责。备选项中只有 responsible有 “对 负责的 ”之意，而且 be responsible for 是固定用法，意为 “负责 ” ，故答案选 J。 28
44、【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为动词原形。该句大意是在说若一个公司想要实行新的工薪制度应该怎么做，由此可知空格处应填一个与“实行 ”有相近意义的词语。备选项中只有 adopt有 “采取，采用 ”之意，故答案选F。 29 【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格 处应为以辅音开头的名词单数。由本句中 and后面的名词 ways可知，空格处应为一个与其意思相近的词语。备选项中只有 method有 “方法，办法 ”之意，故答案选 O。 30 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为形容词。该句说的是新的工薪制
45、度执行过程中的问题，而劳资双方事先达成一致是工薪制度得以成功实施的先决条件。备选项中只有 successful有 “成功的 ”之意，在这里可以用来表示“工薪制度得以成功实施 ”，故答案选 G。 31 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 分析该 句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为动词的过去分词，在这里表被动。一项工作的总分只有把按照每项要求得到的分数加起来才能计算出来，因此该句指的是把按照每项要求得到的分数加起来。备选项中只有 added有“被加起来 ”之意，故答案选 H。 32 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为名词。该句讲的是评价中层和高层管理人员工作的标准，比
46、如他们的业务知识和责任感，由该句中的并列连词 and可知空格处也应为工作中最重要的东西。备选项中只有意为 “能力 ”的ability最贴近，而且 ability to do something是固定用法，意为 “做某事的能力 ”，故答案选 B。 33 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为名词。备选项中目前只剩 reference和 courage两个名词。前者意为 “参考，参照 ”，常与介词 to连用，后者意为 “勇气 ”，也常与介词 to连用。该句中介词 to后面的宾语是 “一个以分数为基础的评价系统 ”，因此 courage用在此处不合适。故空格处应填 r
47、eference，此处指没有参考这个以分数为基础的评价系统，故答案选 I。 34 【正确 答案】 C 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为动词原形。备选项中目前只剩 compare和 find两个动词原形。前者意为 “比较，对比 ”，后者意为 “找到，发现 ”。只有 compare能够与介词 with连用，意为 “拿 与 做对比 ”，故答案选 C。 35 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为副词。工作报酬必须因工作方式而异，避免出现同酬不同工的现象。备选项中只有 Necessarily有 “必要地，必然地 ”之意且为副词，故答案选 L。 36
48、【正确答 案】 N 【试题解析】 分析该句的句子结构可以推断出空格处应为形容词。前文提到 “手工工作易于评估 ”，下文中的 “where measurement is difficult”表明，这些工人的工作不像手工工作那样直接。备选项中只有 indirect有 “间接的 ”之意，故答案选 N。 Section B 37 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干大意：与杯子中融化的冰块不同，融化的海冰并不能轻易地提高海平面。由题干中的 “melting ice in the glass”“melting sea ice”“cannot easily raise sea level”可以定位到文中
49、C段最后一句话。该句提到 “科学家那时也很聪明，而且他们知道融化的海冰不会使海平面上升得像融化的冰块使玻璃杯水位上升那样明显 ”，与题干相吻合。 38 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干大意：在洛克看来，气候变化的论断仅仅是左派糟糕的幻想，又或者甚至是一件完全不可信的事情。由题干中的 “terrible fantasy”“left-wing”“unreliable matter”可以定位到文中 B段的第二句话。该句提到 “洛克自己既是网络博客的专栏作家，又是政策执行员，他们认为气候变化是一个骗局或左派臆想症的例子 ”，与题干相吻合。 39 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 题干大意：努力寻找每一份证据，从而不偏不倚地对待真相，这才是合理的。由题干中的 “find out every piece of evidence”“handle the truth impartially”可以定位到文中 J段第五、六句话。这两句话提到 “但是，为寻找真相所做的善意的努力不应该依赖那些精挑细选的吸引眼球的新闻标题，而是需要考虑当时的情境和查看所有的证据，至少不需要故意地扭曲事实 ”，
