1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 57及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the role of coin flipping on decision-making. You should write at least 120 w
2、ords but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Romantic stories. （ B） Books in the library. （ C） Love stories. （ D） Detective stories. （ A） The man does not like to go shopping. （ B） The man may not want to go shopping again. （ C） The woman wants to buy something to wear. （ D） The woman tried the c
3、lothes but they didnt fit. （ A） The man should first sign a one-year lease. （ B） The man can move in a week later. （ C） The man should paint the whole thing. （ D） The man cannot take the apartment. （ A） The woman has given up learning English. （ B） Neither the man nor the woman is good at spelling.
4、（ C） The woman did well in pronunciation and spelling. （ D） The man also did well in pronunciation and grammar. （ A） In the department store. （ B） In the cleaners. （ C） In a hardware shop. （ D） In a snack bar. （ A） Put a little more pepper in the soup. （ B） Serve the soup as it is said in the recipe
5、. （ C） Taste the soup to see if it needs some more pepper. （ D） Check the recipe to see if they followed it correctly. （ A） Rolling the rocks. （ B） Listening to music. （ C） Talking on the telephone. （ D） Vacuuming the bathroom. （ A） They might pay less tax. （ B） They might pay more tax. （ C） They mi
6、ght have fewer children. （ D） They might pay some amount of tax. （ A） The female lead. （ B） The clown. （ C） The painted face. （ D） The old lead. （ A） The actress looks younger than her real age. （ B） The actress looks older than her real age. （ C） The actress looks as old as her real age. （ D） The a
7、ctress looks like the famous actor Mei Lanfang. （ A） By different gestures. （ B） By different voices. （ C） By different face colours. （ D） By different names. （ A） It stands for loyalty. （ B） It stands for disloyalty. （ C） It stands for uprightness. （ D） It stands for integrity. （ A） She is busy at
8、work. （ B） She has gone shopping. （ C） She is resting in bed. （ D） She is feeling sorry. （ A） He tells her honestly what he thinks about it. （ B） He refuses to eat it. （ C） He throws it away after making it. （ D） She can tell by his non-verbal expressions. （ A） They decide to go out to eat. （ B） The
9、y eat at a friends house. （ C） They eat something different at home. （ D） They decide to eat nothing at all. Section B （ A） More than 12%. （ B） Almost 50%. （ C） Nearly 60%. （ D） About 70%. （ A） They are self-evident. （ B） They are yet to be proved. （ C） They are to be further studied. （ D） They are
10、supported by scientific evidence. （ A） Different Forms of Exercise （ B） Exercise The Road to Health （ C） Running A Popular Form of Sport （ D） Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits （ A） They are read on the computer screen. （ B） They are published in European languages. （ C） They are broadcast on te
11、levision and the radio. （ D） They are designed in the form of small-sized books. （ A） Language learners. （ B） Magazine collectors. （ C） European journalists. （ D） Professional travellers. （ A） They are very easy to read. （ B） They are cheap and popular. （ C） They are translated into English. （ D） Th
12、ey are convenient for the users. （ A） They eat entirely different food. （ B） They choose food in similar ways. （ C） They are not satisfied with their food. （ D） They depend on only one sense in choosing food. （ A） The white butterfly. （ B） The small bird. （ C） The bear. （ D） The fox. （ A） When the s
13、eason changes. （ B） When the food colour changes. （ C） When they move to different places. （ D） When they are attracted by different smells. （ A） French and British food is good. （ B） Food is chosen for a good reason. （ C） Some people have few choices of food. （ D） Some people care little about heal
14、thy diet. Section C 26 Most of us【 B1】 _taking certain things for granted. We tend to assume that experts and【 B2】 _leaders will tell us “the truth“. We tend to believe that things【 B3】 _on television or in newspapers cant be bad for us. However,【 B4】 _of critical thinking in students is one of the
15、goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share their own beliefs. In general, professors are more【 B5】 _that students learn to question and【 B6】_examine the arguments of others. This does not mean that professors【 B7】_that you change your beliefs, either. It does m
16、ean, however, professors will usually ask you to【 B8】 _the views you express in class or in your writing. If your arguments are not logical, professors personally【 B9】 _the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to recognise the premises of your argument, to examine whether you
17、really accept them, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way: professors dont tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think. On the other hand, if you intend to【 B10】 _your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in su
18、pport of your ideas. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 According to sociologists, there are s
19、everal different ways a person may become recognised as the leader of a social group. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce【 C1】_evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders“. It seems that there is no set
20、 of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather,【 C2】 _any person may be recognised as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. I
21、nstrumental leadership is leadership that【 C3】 _the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done“. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasises the collective well-beings(幸福 )of social group members. They are less【 C
22、4】_with the overall goals of the group than with providing【 C5】 _support to group members and attempting to minimise tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may【 C6】 _group members who inhib
23、it(阻碍 )attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders【 C7】 _a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer【 C8】 _when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the【 C9】 _in these two roles suggests, expressive lea
24、ders generally receive more personal【 C10】 _from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy more distant respect. A)difference I)controls B)concerned J)confirm C)discipline K)virtually D)sympathy L)consistent E)eventually M)emphasises F)emotional
25、N)cultivate G)affection O)satisfied H)constant 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Time Pattern in America A)Susan Anthony has an eight-to-five job with two 15-minute coffee breaks, a one-hour lunch break, scheduled appointments and
26、 weekly deadlines. Every time she enters and leaves her office building she “punches“ the clock. Although she is not aware of it, her workday is strongly influenced by her cultures attitudes toward time. B)When travellers lack an awareness of how time is regulated in a foreign country, they can expe
27、ct to feel somewhat confused. Since most people take time for granted, the effects of values, customs, and social manners on the use of time are seldom examined. A culture that values achievement and progress will discourage people from “wasting“ time. Highly efficient business people from these cul
28、tures may feel frustrated in a country where work proceeds at a low pace. In religious societies, customs specify times of the day, week, or year for prayer and religious celebrations. If an individual tries to make an appointment during a sacred holiday, he or she could unknowingly offend a religio
29、us person. Social manners determine appropriate times for visits, meetings, and even phone calls. Arriving two hours late for an appointment may be acceptable in one culture, whereas in another, keeping someone waiting fifteen minutes may be considered rude. C)Promptness is important in American bus
30、iness, academic and social settings. The importance of punctuality is taught to young children in school. Slow slips and the use of bells signal to the child that punctuality and time itself are to be respected. An amusing report of a schoolchilds experience with time appeared in a recent newspaper
31、article: As a child, my mother used to tell me how crucial it was to be at school when the first bell rang. Preparation for my “on-time“ appearance began the night before. I was directed to go to bed early so I could wake up wide-eyed at 7 a.m. with enough time to get ready. Although I usually manag
32、ed to watch my share of TV cartoons, I knew that in one hour I had to get dressed, eat breakfast, brush my teeth, comb my hair, and be on my way to school or I would be violating an important rule of Mums, the schools, or of the worlds. It was hard to tell which. D)People who keep appointments are c
33、onsidered dependable. If people are late to job interviews, appointments, or classes, they are often viewed as unreliable and irresponsible. In the business world, “time is money“ and companies may fine their executives for slowness to business meetings. Of course, it is not always possible to be pu
34、nctual. Social and business etiquette also provides rules for late arrivals. Calling on the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minutes late for scheduled appointments is considered polite and is often expected. Keeping a date or a friend waiting beyond ten to twenty minutes is considere
35、d rude. On the other hand, arriving thirty minutes late to some parties is acceptable. E)Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional circles. It is expected that deadlines for class assignments or business reports will be met. Students who hand in assignments late may be surp
36、rised to find that the professor will lower their grades or even refuse to grade their work. Whether it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally conditioned to regulate time. F)Time is “tangible(有形资产 )“: one can “gain time“, “spend time“, “waste time“, “save
37、time“, or even “kill time“! Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. “Do you have time?“ “Can you make some time for this?“ “How much free time do you have?“ The treatment of time as a possession influences the way time is carefully divided.
38、 G)Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-, 30-, and 60-minute time slots. A 2:30
39、-3:00 interview may end in time for a brief break before 3:15-4:00 meeting. The idea that “there is a time and place for everything“ extends to American social life. Visitors who “drop by“ without prior notice may interrupt their hosts personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before vis
40、iting them is generally preferred to visitors “dropping by“. To accommodate other peoples schedules, Americans make business plans and social engagements several days or weeks in advance. H)Cultures tend to favour either a past, present, or future orientation with regard to time. A future orientatio
41、n, including a preference for change, is characteristic of American culture. The society encourages people to look to the future rather than to the past. Technological, social and artistic trends change rapidly and affect peoples lifestyles and the relationships. Given this inclination toward change
42、, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to support traditional patterns of living or thought may be seen as rigid or “old-fashioned“. In a society where change is so rapid, it is not uncommon for every generation to experience a “generation g
43、ap“. Sometimes parents struggle to understand the values of their children. Even religious institutions have had to adapt to contemporary needs of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang versions of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institut
44、ions to “keep up with the times“. I)High rates of change, particularly in urban areas, have contributed to a focus on the future rather than the past or present. Some Americans believe that the benefits of the future orientation are achievement and progress which enable them to have a high standard
45、of living. Others believe that high blood pressure and stomach ulcers are the results of such a lifestyle. As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive(直觉的 )understanding about how time is regulated. Usually we do not think about the concept of time until we interact with others who have a
46、different time orientation. Although individuals from any two cultures may view time similarly, we often sense that in another culture, life seems to proceed either at a slower or faster pace. Knowing how time is regulated, divided and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and the
47、ir cultures. 47 Tradition plays a limited role in the American culture because Americans prefer rapid changes. 48 If you are going to be more than a few minutes late for an appointment in America, you should call your friend to inform him of your lateness. 49 For some people, the negative influence
48、of rapid pace of life is that it can result in high blood pressure and stomach ulcers. 50 If American students do not hand in their assignments before the deadline, they will face the risk of getting low or even no grades for their work. 51 People should keep in mind that when they plan an appointme
49、nt with a religious person they should avoid arranging the appointment time during his sacred holidays. 52 One characteristic of American culture is that it values future time, according to the passage. 53 In America, the way time is divided is affected by peoples treatment of time as their possession. 54 People who do things at a low pace is not welcomed in cultures that value achievements and progress. 55 It is impolite for a visitor to visit his friend wit
