1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 62及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1
2、目前，各高校均对大一新生进行军训 2有人赞成，有人反对 3我的观点 Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen? Section A （ A） He made things worse. （ B） He messed up the deal. （ C） He wasnt trusted by the woman. （ D） He had a terrible day. （ A） Keep on trying. （ B） Remember what he said. （ C） Cut the cake in half. （
3、 D） Leave the cake there. （ A） The man doesnt like soup. （ B） The woman doesnt like fruit. （ C） The woman wants to have vegetables. （ D） The man wants to have fruit juice. （ A） Its suitable for the womans friends. （ B） It looks like mature. （ C） It doesnt have the right color. （ D） It doesnt fit the
4、 woman. （ A） Have a meal. （ B） Have a haircut. （ C） Go downtown. （ D） Go to a bar. （ A） Talkative. （ B） Careless. （ C） Ill-spent. （ D） Fashionable. （ A） They have cloudy weather there. （ B） They are planning a journey. （ C） The woman wants to quit her job. （ D） The man decides to come back to earth.
5、 （ A） How to use a computer. （ B） How to repair a computer. （ C） How to copy files. （ D） How to look for the menu. （ A） The picnic they will have on weekend. （ B） The forecast for the weather on weekend. （ C） The timetable of their plan on weekend. （ D） The suggestion for arrangement on weekend. （ A
6、） Water is the only drink they can take. （ B） She thinks water is the best for health. （ C） Water is supposed to be readily available. （ D） The man required her to take some drink. （ A） Film like a professional. （ B） Prepare enough film. （ C） Take a class to learn photography. （ D） Fully charge the
7、cameras battery. （ A） Part of the dried mushrooms have begun to decay. （ B） The dried mushrooms didnt arrive on time. （ C） Part of the dried mushrooms werent inspected. （ D） The dried mushrooms are lost during the shipment. （ A） They are exported for years. （ B） They have good after-sale service. （
8、C） They are high-class products. （ D） They are well inspected before sale. （ A） The long period of shipment. （ B） The way to pack the goods. （ C） Some external conditions of goods. （ D） The improper way to dry the goods. （ A） He will further examine the cause of the problem. （ B） He will ensure the
9、quality of the mushrooms. （ C） He will take action to change the goods. （ D） He will report the problem to his superiors. Section B （ A） He found volunteers all over the world. （ B） He sent words and quotations to Murray. （ C） He bought newspaper, magazines and books for Murray. （ D） He served as an
10、 assistant editor. （ A） Because he was locked up in a mental hospital. （ B） Because he had difficulties in walking. （ C） Because he lived far away from Oxford. （ D） Because he was disgusted with Murray. （ A） He was an American physician. （ B） He was injured during the Civil War. （ C） He had passed a
11、way when the dictionary came out. （ D） He faced various criminal charges. （ A） Kids will never play with fire again. （ B） Kids will bum themselves again and again. （ C） People may become much stronger. （ D） Human beings and animals may disappear soon. （ A） Consider fear as your servant and guide. （
12、B） Teach kids what are fear and pain. （ C） Play its role as a guard in the daily life. （ D） Confront with fear cautiously. （ A） Because they are kept away from dangers that happened before. （ B） Because they have learned how to overcome the particular dangers. （ C） Because they are warned of dangers
13、 by fear and take quick action. （ D） Because they have presence of mind in the face of dangers. （ A） He suffered from severe financial hardship. （ B） He was attracted by “Great American Dream“. （ C） His family business in Austria was bankrupt. （ D） He wanted to escape from Great Depression. （ A） How
14、 “Great American Dream“ is broken. （ B） Fierce competition in the workplace. （ C） Worship on money and social status. （ D） The cruel business world under the American system. （ A） Because he is burdened with debts. （ B） Because he gets into trouble with work. （ C） Because he cant accept his failure.
15、 （ D） Because he is fired by the company. （ A） He suffered from heart failure and died. （ B） He won three awards after his death. （ C） His plays were written based on his own life. （ D） He was a victim of the American system. Section C 26 Polar bears hunt seals from sea ice, but could drown if force
16、d to swim long distances in open water. Satellite photos【 B1】 _by Americas space agency, NASA, illustrate the fearful【 B2】 _to such bears. An image shows the amount of Arctic Sea ice in 1979. Another image shows the record minimum set this year on September 16th. The shrinkage is【 B3】 _an area great
17、er than Texas, an impossible distance for even the【 B4】 _polar bear to swim. Scientists say fossil fuels are increasing carbon【 B5】 _in the atmosphere. This not only warms the oceans, but threatens biodiversity in cold and warm waters alike. As the carbon dioxide is increased in the atmosphere, a hi
18、gh【 B6】 _, about 40 percent of that, goes back into the ocean, and so its increasing the acid content of the ocean and thats threatening fisheries. Scientists at a recent conference at Columbia Universitys Earth Institute said less ice【 B7】 _draw some shipping away from the Panama Canal. This is bec
19、ause a northern route, though still risky, reduces the distance between Europe and Asia by about 6,500 kilometers. Countries【 B8】 _the Arctic are not the only ones with interests there. There certainly will be interest in the Arctic from nations that dont touch physically on the Arctic; thats very c
20、lear for natural resources, for fishing, for【 B9】 _reasons. Energy supplies are among those reasons. Scientists say more open water in the Arctic means more gas from water and extreme weather elsewhere. The Arctic is far from most of the worlds population. However, scientists【 B10】_that distance is
21、no guarantee people will be spared the effects of warming in the planets northernmost regions. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke was named Person of the Year by Time magazine on Wednesday,【 C1
22、】 _him a helping hand as he tries to ward off【 C2】 _that might weaken the Feds independence. The selection puts the mild-mannered Bernanke, a former professor, in the company of U. S. President Barack Obama, Pope John Paul II and Russian President Vladimir Putin, among other【 C3】 _world figures the
23、magazine has picked in past years. The Senate is considering Bernankes【 C4】 _to a second term to head the Fedthe U. S. central bankand while he is expected to win【 C5】 _, criticism of the Fed among the public and members of Congress is at its highest in decades. The Fed worries that congressional se
24、cond-guessing of its policy【 C6】 _would compromise its fiercely-guarded independence. One poll by Rasmussen Reports showed public support for Bernankes nomination at a scant 21 percent, with 41 percent【 C7】 _opposition, but he continues to enjoy support on Wall Street and among many lawmakers. “ Ben
25、 is the person that【 C8】 _us from going over the edge of the danger and into the abyss(深渊 ),“ said former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley, now a senior economic adviser at Soleil Securities. But Republican Senator Jim Bunning, one of the Feds sharpest critics, said Times pick was a reward for “failure“. “
26、Many of the problems our markets are facing right now could have been【 C9】_had Chairman Bernanke not been asleep at the switch(玩忽职守 ,错过机会 ),“ Bunning said in a statement. Time credited the 56-year-old Bernanke with【 C10】 _leadership that helped set the U. S. economy on a path to recovery even as he
27、and other policy makers remain concerned about a high unemployment rate of 10 percent. A)avoided I)nomination B)confirmation J)policies C)creative K)prominent D)cute L)promotion E)decisions M)proposals F)denied N)putting G)giving O)stating H)kept 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】
28、 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How to Reinvent College Rankings: Show the Data Students Need Most A)All rankings are misleading and biased(有偏见的 ). But theyre also the only way to pick a school. Ive heard those exact words dozens of times and inferred their sentiment hundreds more
29、. They undoubtedly were a major contributing factor in the 250,000 applications to the top colleges this past year. With only 14,000 chances available, there will be a lot of disappointed families when decisions are announced in a few days. For 30 years, Ive co-authored bestselling books and provoca
30、tive articles about how to improve ones chances of being accepted at a “top“ college. B)The first edition of our book Getting In! revealed what went on behind the admission committees closed doors, and introduced the concepts of packaging and positioning to the college-application vocabulary. The ne
31、west edition adapts the same principles to the digital age. But the core message remains: good colleges are not looking for the well-rounded kidtheyre looking to put together the well-rounded class. C)What were revelations in 1983 are common knowledge todayat least among college-bound students, pare
32、nts, and counselors. They also dont have to be told that the odds of getting into a “ highly selective“ school are ridiculously low. Brown and Dartmouth will each accept about 9 percent of applicants; Cornell, Northwestern, and Georgetown about 16 percent. And Harvard, Yale, and Stanford? Forget abo
33、ut it: less than 7 percent! D)Wanting to attend a “name“ school isnt illogical. And there is nothing illogical in parents wanting a better return on their investment. A colleges brand valuewhether that schools name will be recognized and open employers door. E)Colleges, counselors, and parents talk
34、a lot about finding the right “fit“ between a school and a student. In reality, the process is dominated by reputation. The problem is that college reputations have been controlled by rankings. Far too many “highly ranked“ colleges are gaming the rankings and trying to attract more and more applican
35、tswhen the particular college is actually a poor “fit“ for many of the kids applying. Colleges want to attract and reject more kids because that “selectivity“ improves the institutions ranking. College presidents publicly complain there are too many college rankings. Privately, they admit they have
36、to provide the data that feed that maw(大胃口 ). They cant afford to be left off a rankings list. The real losers in this system are students and their parents. A bad fit is costly, not just in dollars, but in time, energy, and psychological well-being. F)The emphasis should be on finding the right fit
37、. But finding the right fit is not easy. Subjective guidebooks like Edward Fiskesoriginally titled The New York Times Selective Guide to Collegesare very useful and consciously do not include rankings. Ted changed his three-category rating system to make it more difficult to simply add “stars“ and r
38、ank-list colleges. Even families who can afford to visit lots of colleges and endure the backward-walking tours find that campus personalities soon blur in their memory. G)Thus it is not surprising that anxious, busy parents turn to rankings for shorthand comfort. Unfortunately, the data that U. S.
39、News and other media companies are collecting are largely irrelevant. As a result, the rankings they generate are not meaningless, just misleading. Some examples: U. S. News places a good deal of emphasis on the percentage of faculty who hold a “terminal degree“typically a Ph. D. Unfortunately, a te
40、rminal degree does not correlate(相关的 )in any way with whether that professor is a good teacher. It also doesnt improve that professors accessibility to students. In fact, there is usually such a correlation: the more senior the professor, the less time they have for undergraduates. H)U. S. News seco
41、nd most heavily weighted factorafter a colleges six-year graduation rateis a peer assessment of colleges by college presidents and admissions deans. You read that right: administrators are asked to evaluate colleges that are competitive with their own school. If not an complete conflict of interest,
42、 this measure is highly suspect. I)Even some seemingly reasonable “inputs“ are often meaningless. U. S. News heavily weights the number of classes with fewer than 20 students. But small classes are like comfort food: it is what high-school kids are familiar with. They have never sat in a large lectu
43、re hall with a very interesting speaker. So it is not something they could look forward or value. J)While most rankings suffer from major problems in criteria(标准 )and inputs, the biggest problem is simpler: all the ranking systems use weightings that reflect the editors personal biases. Very simply,
44、 some editors priorities are undoubtedly going be different from what is important to me. Assuredly, my preferences are different from my kids. And both will differ markedly from our neighbors objectives. K)Colleges say they truly want to attract kids for whom the school will be a good fit. To make
45、good on that promise, colleges need to provide families with insight, not just information; and they need to focus on outputs, not just inputs. Collecting and sharing four sets of very different data would be a good start: Better insight into the quality of education a student will get on that campu
46、s. Colleges need to share the exam scores for all students applying to medical school, law school, business school, and graduate programs. These tests reflect not just the ability of the kids whove gone to that college, but what theyve learned in the three-plus years theyve attended. Colleges need t
47、o assess a campus “happiness“ coefficient(系数 ). A happy campus is a more productive learning environment; and one that has a lower incidence of alcohol and drug abuse. The full debt that families incur(招致 ); not just student debt. The salaries of graduates one, five, and 10 years after graduation. L
48、)A fifth useful metric is what employersboth nationally and regionallythink of graduates from particular colleges. Hiring preferences are a useful proxy(代表 )for reputation. M)The last piece in enabling families to find a better fit will come from entrepreneurs. Some smart “kid“ will develop an onlin
49、e tool that will allow students and parents to take this new college-reported data and assign weighting factors to the characteristics that are important to them. The tool would then generate a customized ranking of colleges that reflects the familys prioritiesnot some editors. N)Colleges may complain about the rankings, but they are complicit(串通一气的 )in keeping them. It is reminiscent(怀旧的 )of the classic Claude Raines
