1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial
2、 heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadnt. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7
3、, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止
4、 ) the device. The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it wont end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that wo
5、uld be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patients chest. The first sample products arent expected for another 10 of 20 years. But some people are already worrying that theyll work and that Americas overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a y
6、ear providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支 ) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nations health. 1 According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _. （ A） a technical failure （ B） a technica
7、l wonder （ C） a good life-saver （ D） an effective means to treat heart disease 2 From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _. （ A） has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts （ B） will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models （ C） may continue to wo
8、rk on new models of reliable artificial hearts （ D） can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years 3 The new models of artificial hearts are expected_. （ A） to have a working life of 10 or 20 years （ B） to be set fully in the patients chest （ C） to be equipped wit
9、h an external power source （ D） to create a new passage for infection 4 The word “them“ in Line 6, Para. 2 refers to _. （ A） doctors who treat heart diseases （ B） makers of artificial hearts （ C） Americas health-care programs （ D） new models of artificial hearts 5 Some people feel that _. （ A） artif
10、icial hearts are seldom effective （ B） the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts （ C） the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts （ D） Americas health-care programs are not doing enough for the nations health 5 Where do pesticides fit into the picture of envir
11、onmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thor
12、oughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of
13、 pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemical
14、s are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are na
15、turally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,“ says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.“ 6 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man, . is part of nature.“ (Line 3, Para. 1)? （ A） Man appears indiff
16、erent to what happens in nature. （ B） Man acts as if he does not belong to nature. （ C） Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution （ D） Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection. 7 What is the authors attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides? （ A） Pes
17、simistic. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Defensive. （ D） Concerned. 8 In the authors view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides_. （ A） is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides （ B） now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
18、（ C） has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention （ D） is unavoidable because people cant do without pesticides in farming 9 People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _. （ A） limited exposure to them does little harm to peoples health （ B） the
19、 present is more important for them than the future （ C） the danger does not become apparent immediately （ D） humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning 10 It can be concluded from Dr Dubos remarks that_. （ A） people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with （ B） attacks by h
20、idden enemies tend to be fatal （ C） diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure （ D） people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides 10 Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判 ) decisions that denied victory to their team.
21、A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛 ) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down th
22、e referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely
23、 when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的 ) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed
24、. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep
25、their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 11 T
26、he experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_. （ A） review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup （ B） analyze the causes of errors made by football referees （ C） set a standard for football refereeing （ D） reexamine the rules for football refereeing 12 The number of refereeing er
27、rors in the experimental matches was_. （ A） slightly above average （ B） higher than in the 1998 World Cup （ C） quite unexpected （ D） as high as in a standard match 13 The findings of the experiment show that_. （ A） errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball （ B） the farther the re
28、feree is from the incident, the fewer the errors （ C） the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur （ D） errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 14 The word “officials“ (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _. （ A） the researchers involved in the experiment
29、（ B） the inspectors of the football tournament （ C） the referees of the football tournament （ D） the observers at the site of the experiment 15 What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? （ A） The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. （ B） Age should not be t
30、he chief consideration in choosing a football referee. （ C） A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. （ D） An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. 15 Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They
31、see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly o
32、ver the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban tr
33、affic congestion (拥挤 ). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的 ) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the
34、rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculat
35、e the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器 ) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, com
36、pared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. 16 One significant improvement in the future car will probably be_. （ A） its power source （ B） its driving system （ C） its monitoring system （ D） its seating capacity 17 What is the authors main concern? （ A） How to
37、 render automobiles pollution-free. （ B） How to make smaller and safer automobiles. （ C） How to solve the problem of traffic jams. （ D） How to develop an automated subway system. 18 What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system? （ A） A rail. （ B） An engine. （ C） A retractabl
38、e arm. （ D） A computer controller. 19 In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is_. （ A） keep in the right lane （ B） wait to arrive at his destination （ C） keep in constant touch with the computer center （ D） inform the system of his destination by phone 20 What is the authors atti
39、tude toward the future of autos? （ A） Enthusiastic. （ B） Pessimistic. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Cautious. 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 12答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
40、 A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章一开头说 Jarvik-7以 前被认为是一大技术成就，但文章第 1段倒数第 2句中提到，美国食品与药品管理局得出结论，认为这种仪器与其说是挽救生命，不如说是将生命置于更加危险的境地。由此可知 Jarvik-7是一个技术失败故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第 2段第 1句提到，要求生产人造心脏的 Symbion公司召回其销售的人造心脏，这对该公司来说或许是一种损失，但这一禁令不会终结人们对人
41、造心脏的需求。从这一句可推断出应选 C。原文只提到政府禁止 Jarvik-7这种型号的人造心脏， A把范围扩大到 了所有的人造心脏； B在原文中并未提及； D说的对象不是 Symbion公司，也可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章中第 2段第 3句提到，这种新仪器可以完全置于患者的胸腔内， B与之相符，故选 B。 A在文中并未提及； C、 D说的对象是 Jarvik-7，故也排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从句子意思看， “向为数不多的濒危病人提供 ”的显然是上一句中的sample products，即可与电源组一并植于人体内的
42、 new devices，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 2段倒数第 2句 But some people are already worring 这句话体现了有些人已经在担心，为为数不多的垂危病人动用巨额资金购置新型的人造心脏是否合算，而由该段最后一句可以看出作者认为这样的做法是不明智的，因此B是答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干的句子是文章第 1段第 3句，这是一个带有插入语的简单句，contrary在此表 示跟 part of nature相反，因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答
43、案】 D 【试题解析】 第 2段最后一句提到，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。因此，作者对杀虫剂对环境的影响关注且担忧， D符合题意。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 2段第 2句提到，杀虫剂使人突然发病或者死亡是很令人难过的事对于人口整体来说，人类对杀虫剂长期累计的潜在后果的认识不足，才是最严重的问题，故选 A。 【知识 模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第 3段倒数第 2句说的 “对未来的灾难无动于衷是人的本性 ”以及最后一句说的 “大多数人只对有明显迹象的疾病予以关注 ”可知 C正是人们忽视化学药
44、物的潜在危害的原因，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 Dubos博士话中 “最可怕的敌人 ”指的是 “杀虫剂引起的潜在危险 ”，博士话中的 slowly approach themunnoticed直接表明 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据第 1段可知，球迷对裁判的裁决不满意，因此 “A researcher was appointed to study the performance ofsome top referees一名研究员被指定对一些高级裁判的场上执法情况进行研究 ”，再加上文中 err
45、or一词频频使用，可见，目的是分析裁判误判的原因，即 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 3段说 “在 90分钟的标准赛中，每个裁判几乎犯 23个错误，这是一个 remarkably high number”， C与之一致。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 4段第 2句提到，令人惊讶的是，裁判离犯规地点越近，错判的可能性就越大， A为原文的同义表达，故选 A。 B项的干扰性比较大，但由下一句可知，正确判断的平均距离是离犯规处 17米，故并非越远，错判就越少，故排除B。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第
46、 4段 officials出现的上下文可以判断是指 referees，其实这也是全文主题词，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 最后一段提到，如果紧跟着球员跑来跑去显得不那么重要的话，裁判的身体状况也就不那么关键了，所以它的含义应为 B“在选择足球裁判时，年龄并不是首要考虑的因素 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。从第 2段首句可以看出第 2段主要讲未来汽车的变化方向。该段第 2、 3句说，它将变得更小巧、安全、节能，给它提供动力的将不再是汽油发动机。而第 3段也着重展望了未来汽车动力系统的新模式 故未
47、来汽车一个最重要的改进就在于它的能量来源，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段首句提到，未来的汽车仍将是令城市交通拥挤的主要问题，而这也是作者最为关心的问题， C之相符。其他各项在文章中都提到过，但并非 the main problem，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。文章第 4段第 1、 2句提到，当汽车进入高速公路系统后，一只自动伸缩臂就会从车上伸下来，搭上一根铁轨，这根铁轨 类似于为地铁列车提供电能的那些铁轨，一旦汽车连接到 rail上，它就可以从中获得电能。因此 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。最后一段首句提到，司机将通过电话发出指令，把目的地输人系统。由此可见，司机可以使用电话来告知系统他的目的地，故选 D。A、 B、 C在文中没有提及。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。根据第 2段和最后一段 (特别是最后一句 )不难看出作者对于汽车发展的前景持乐观态度，故选 C。 【知识 模块】 阅读
