1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 51及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 A subject which seems to have been insufficie
2、ntly studied by doctors and psychologist is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in determining what kind of p
3、eople we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply
4、, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats. Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate
5、is more equable(稳定的 ). And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and casual. But these commonplace generalizations are inadequatethe influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of
6、wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their habitual drinking of the cow blood? We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something beneficial to humankind may eventually result from such stu
7、dies. 1 The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _. （ A） alert readers to the scarcity of natural resources （ B） call for more research on the influence of geographical environment （ C） introduce different elements in character cultivation （ D） draw more attention to the health condition of
8、 mankind 2 It can be inferred that proper amounts of iodine, fluoride and calcium can_. （ A） benefit peoples physical health （ B） influence the quality of water supply （ C） help provide breeding places for pests （ D） strengthen a persons character 3 How does the author evaluate the generalizations o
9、f peoples types in Para. 3? （ A） Such generalizations help us judge the different characters of people we meet. （ B） Such generalizations are not inclusive enough to draw a convincing conclusion. （ C） Such generalizations prove that nature plays an important role in determining social habits. （ D） S
10、uch generalizations show that there are mainly two different types of people on the planet. 4 According to the passage, research into the influence of climate and geography should_. （ A） focus on unknown aspects （ B） be pursued on a larger scale （ C） be carried out among remote tribes （ D） go ahead
11、in depth 5 What do we know about the generalizations of peoples type? （ A） People who like drinking wine tend to be optimistic. （ B） People who live in mountain areas tend to have a long life. （ C） People who live in areas with stable climate tend to be talkative and lively. （ D） People who like dri
12、nking cow blood tend to be strong and tall. 5 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“ In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the
13、butcher (肉商 ), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的 ) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fr
14、esh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was ma
15、rketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatur
16、es where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housewhile outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effec
17、t upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包 ), but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. 6 Th
18、e statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that _. （ A） the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties （ B） the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties （ C） there was no fridge in the autho
19、rs home in the 1950s （ D） the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 7 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Food wa
20、s sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve their food. 8 Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? （ A） Inventors. （ B） Consumers. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Travelling salesmen. 9 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph ind
21、icates the fridges negative effect on the environment? （ A） Hum away continuously. （ B） Climatically almost unnecessary. （ C） Artificially-cooled space. （ D） With mild temperatures. 10 What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Compromising
22、. 10 The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐 ) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only abou
23、t 40 percent of the Earths surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in
24、 thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical (地形学的 ) features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interco
25、nnecting boundaries of contact of the plates. There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more
26、 margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earths crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆发 ) of lava (火山熔岩 ) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift (裂缝 ) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by th
27、e sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皱 ) to form a mountain chain along the length o
28、f the margin of the plates. 11 The Earths crust_. （ A） can be classified into two types （ B） is formed along the margins of the plates （ C） consists of semi-molten rocks （ D） is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick 12 The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from _. （ A） the oceanic crusts and continental
29、crusts （ B） the crusts and the mantle （ C） the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantle （ D） the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle 13 Seriously-deformed zones appear_. （ A） whenever the crusts move over mantle （ B） when the plates move towards each other （ C） in the narrow b
30、oundaries where two plates meet （ D） to be the major topographical feature of the Earth 14 According to the second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_. （ A） spreading contacts （ B） the influence of volcanic eruptions （ C） converging contacts （ D） transform contacts 15 T
31、his passage is probably_. （ A） a newspaper advertisement （ B） a chapter of a novel （ C） an excerpt from a textbook （ D） a scientific report of new findings 15 A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survi
32、ved on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhereon the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing
33、in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating (授粉 ) our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas. But ticks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transm
34、it disease. There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide r
35、ange of natural and artificial foodspaint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small, they can hide in tiny spaces. A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings giv
36、e them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or mates. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day. Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our
37、 eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔 ), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like
38、the eyes of a huge predator, confusing their enemies. Some insects also imitate bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. 16 Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_. （ A） on the mountains with little air （ B） in the cold polar areas （ C） in t
39、he hot desert areas （ D） in the open oceans 17 Insects protect themselves from chemicals by_. （ A） hiding in tiny spaces （ B） having a strong shell （ C） flying away when necessary （ D） changing colors or shapes 18 Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to_. （ A） frighten away their enemies
40、 （ B） avoid being discovered （ C） send warning signals （ D） look bitter-tasting 19 The passage mentions that insects_. （ A） can be found in any extreme environments （ B） have survived longer than any other creatures （ C） can be fed on any natural or man-made foods （ D） are important for the growth of crops and flowers 20 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） how insects survive in different places （ B） why insects can survive so successfully （ C） what insects can do to the environment （ D） where insects can be found in quantity 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 51答案与解析
