1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 57及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Its very interesting to note where the debate
2、 about diversity (多样化 ) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的 ) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their com
3、panies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is
4、shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the
5、 business managers they will need. Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying. “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才 )“ (which was never true we never had a meritocracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visit
6、ed a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minoritie
7、s on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses. 1 The word “imperative“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something _. （ A）
8、 superficial （ B） remarkable （ C） debatable （ D） essential 2 Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity? （ A） Minorities. （ B） Politicians. （ C） Professors. （ D） Managers. 3 High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to _. （ A） lower
9、 the rate of unemployment （ B） win equal political rights for minorities （ C） be competitive in the world market （ D） satisfy the demands of a growing population 4 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） meritocracy can never be realized without diversity （ B） American political circles wil
10、l not accept diversity （ C） it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S. media （ D） minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity 5 According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by_. （ A） expanding the pool of potential employees （ B）
11、promoting policies that provide skills to employees （ C） training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managers （ D） providing education for all regardless of race or sex 5 There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least t
12、o understand that the internal-combustion engine(内燃机 ) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞 ) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the compu
13、ters impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力 ); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case migh
14、t be made diat the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our
15、society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to
16、 use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much
17、more like “learning to play a game“, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accompl
18、ished. 6 To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _. （ A） try to lay a solid foundation in computer science （ B） be aware of how the things that they use do what they do （ C） learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills （ D） understand that programming a computer is mo
19、re essential than repairing a car 7 In the second paragraph “auto repair“ and “violin-making“ are mentioned to show that _. （ A） programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin （ B） our society needs experts in different fields （ C） violin-making requires as much skill as computer progra
20、mming （ D） people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer programming 8 Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _. （ A） programs are becoming less complicated （ B） programs are designed to be convenient to users （ C） programming is becoming easier and
21、easier （ D） programs are becoming readily available to computer users 9 According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer“ (Line 4, Para. 3) means learning_. （ A） a set of rules （ B） the fundamentals of computer science （ C） specific programs （ D） general principles of programming 10 T
22、he authors purpose in writing this passage is_. （ A） to stress the impact of the computer on society （ B） to explain the concept of computer literacy （ C） to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow （ D） to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challen
23、ging job 10 On average, American kids aged 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞 ). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from
24、1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%. “Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机 ) that affects their parents,“ says Sandra Hofferth, who h
25、eaded the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner“ households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectiv
26、ely. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,“ says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play
27、 encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it. The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time“ watching television. But that, believe it or not, was
28、one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time? 11 By
29、 mentioning “the same time crunch“ (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _. （ A） children have little time to play with their parents （ B） children are not taken good care of by their working parents （ C） both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time （ D） both parents and children hav
30、e trouble managing their time 12 According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is_. （ A） quite convincing （ B） partially true （ C） totally groundless （ D） rather confusing 13 According to the author a child develops better if _. （ A） he has plenty of time reading a
31、nd studying （ B） he is left to play with his peers in his own way （ C） he has more time participating in school activities （ D） he is free to interact with his working parents 14 The author is concerned about the fact that American kids_. （ A） are engaged in more and more structured activities （ B）
32、are increasingly neglected by their working mothers （ C） are spending more and more time watching TV （ D） are involved less and less in household work 15 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） extracurricular activities promote childrens intelligence （ B） most children will turn to reading with T
33、V sets switched off （ C） efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful （ D） most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children 15 People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would
34、consider octopus (章鱼 ) a great delicacy (美味佳肴 ). You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us
35、have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learn
36、ed to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are looked down upon. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but
37、one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a walk on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse (冲动 ), I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equa
38、lly pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea
39、 and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To my surprise, we saw that there were snails everywhere, they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall. I have never been able to look at a snail since then. 16 The word “repulsive“ (Line 3, Para. l)most probabl
40、y means “ _“. （ A） disgusting （ B） pleasant （ C） acceptable （ D） delicious 17 We can infer from the second paragraph that when collecting the snails, the author _ . （ A） was glad that he could share them with his friend （ B） was angry because they might damage his beloved plants （ C） was excited abo
41、ut being able to give his friend a surprise （ D） was depressed because it was hard to extinguish them all 18 The author finds that snails （ A） are as delicious as octopus （ B） are disliked in his hometown （ C） are the most controversial food （ D） are as popular as fried potatoes 19 The best title of
42、 this passage might be “_“. （ A） One Mans Meat is Another Mans Poison （ B） Foods and Cultures （ C） Snail and Octopus （ D） People Are Illogical in Front of Delicacies 20 As indicated in the passage, people love different foods mainly because _. （ A） they live in different places （ B） they learn to ea
43、t certain foods in their families （ C） they have different understandings of delicacy （ D） they are too illogical to explain 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 57答 案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
44、 are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确 答案】 D 【试题解析】 词义理解题。本句说到公司要在地球村和全球市场上竞争，多样性是 imperative，由前文 “没有取消引起多样性的手段 ”和下文提到的公司对各种各样有技能的美国人的需求可知，多样性对于企业来说应该 “必须的 ”，故 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 2段末句指出这种辩论主要存在于政治圈和媒体中，结合上句内容，可知其中的 this deb
45、ate指的就是关于多样性的辩论故 B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。由第 1段第 4句可知，公司高层领导人促进多样化的原因是想要在全球市场上更具竞争力， C与此相符。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 2段中提到有些人认为在没有多样性的过去照样能做到不拘一格选人才，但作者马上以 which was never true否定此观点，故 A正确。第 2段只提到多样性的辩论存在于政治圈和媒体，但并不代表在这两个圈子里不能接受或从未出现多样性，故排除 B、 C； D说法过于绝对，且在文中找不到依据，也可排除。 【知识模块
46、】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由第 1段倒数第 2句可知企业 expand the pool就意味着向 more minorities， more women和 more immigrants提供技能培训，而expand the pool对应的就是题干中的说的多样性的形成， D中的 race和 sex分别对文中的 minorities和 women，故正确。 A泛泛而谈，没有说到点子上，不如 D具体，准确； B与多样性没有关系， C是利用文中的有关职业的词拼凑而成的干扰项。 【知识 模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第
47、 2段提到未来有能力的人应该从恐惧中解脱出来，第 3段则提到学习计算机则就像是 “学开车 ”一样，只要掌握某套技能即可，故可知有能力的人只需要通过掌握技能学习计算机即可而不必学习编程，故 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 词义理解题。在第 2段中，作者强调一般人只需学会使用计算机，而不必学会编程，最后指出这与 “汽车修理 ”和 “小提琴制作 ”一样，可见作者提到“汽车修理 ”(类似 一般人使用计算机 )和 “小提琴创作 ”(数似于电脑专业人员编程 )还是为了说明上文的观点，故 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段
48、首句提到学习使用计算机越来越容易的原因是计算机编程变得更 user-friendly， B中的 convenient to users与此相符，故正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 句意理解题。第 4段指出教人学习使用计算机就是教人 use this or that program，故 C与此 相符。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本文围绕学生应如何学习计算机，阐述计算机能力(computer literacy)的概念：它只是一种技能，故 B正确。 A、 C、 D均只是利用文中的片言只语拼凑而成的干扰项，不足以概括文章大意。
49、【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 语义理解题。该短语所在句子的上文 (第 1段最后一句 )表明 “孩子的课余时间比以前少了 ”，而本句则指出父母和孩子都受 time crunch的影响，可见 the same time crunch是指空闲时间不够用，故 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观点态度题。第 2段第 2句中括号里的内容表明了作者的观点。转折词 Nevertheless说明作者的观点跟上文 Sandra Hofferth的看法不完全一致，而作者在下文举例中提到，单身母亲因为要上班，与孩子在一起的时间只有 9个小时，确实少了很多，这与 Hofferth所述一致。因此选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【试 题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段最后一句表明孩子自由玩乐能促使他们独立思考，并使他们学会处理与同龄人的关系其中 unstructured play相当于 B中的play in his own way，故 B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案
