1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 More surprising, perhaps, than the current dif
2、ficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States
3、 is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear fami
4、ly. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriag
5、e, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from
6、 only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These a
7、re enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married. 1 By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _. （ A） there are more married couples in the U.S.A.th
8、an in Europe （ B） more Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than Europeans （ C） most divorced individuals remarry （ D） marriage is the most important part of American life 2 From the first paragraph we can know that _. （ A） traditional marriage now runs into difficulty （ B） marriage rate h
9、as been rising since the 1970 （ C） marriage rate in Europe is rather low （ D） Europeans marry when they are quite old 3 Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families? （ A） There are no nuclear families any more. （ B） A family usually consists of a husband, a wife
10、 and two or three children. （ C） A child usually has four grandparents. （ D） Many types of family rearrangements have become socially acceptable. 4 “Part-time“ children_. （ A） do part-time jobs to earn their living （ B） spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage （ C） are shar
11、ed between the two former spouses （ D） are quite unusual even in the U.S.A. 5 Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _. （ A） the functions of marriage remain unchanged （ B） most Americans prefer a second marriage （ C） the vast majority of Americans still ha
12、ve faith in marriage （ D） nuclear family is alive and thriving 5 A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question: “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?“ Her question was a good one. It reminded me
13、 of something I was taught as a youngster life isnt fair. Its a disappointment, but its absolutely true. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. Its not and it wont. One of the nice things
14、about surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know its not“lifes job“ to make everything perfect; its our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling s
15、orry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand (一手弹 ); everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions, and everyone has those times that they feel victimized or unfairly treated. The fact that life isn
16、t fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we dont recognize or admit that life isnt fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotio
17、n that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isnt fair, however, we feel sympathy for others and for ourselves. And sympathy is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find
18、yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can push you out of self-pity and into helpful action. 6 The author thought of his friends question as a good one because_. （ A） he also wanted to know who held such an o
19、pinion （ B） it made him recall something during his childhood （ C） like his friend, he also thought life was unfair （ D） he learned something from the question as a youngster 7 Surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair will _. （ A） keep us from making everything perfect （ B） keep us from doing ev
20、erything in our power （ C） make us face challenges in the life bravely （ D） make us know its our duty to perfect things 8 The second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses _. （ A） its nice to accept the injustice of life （ B） its nice to surrender to the life （ C） we should not surrender to the l
21、ife （ D） we should not feel sorry for ourselves 9 In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact“ refers to the fact that （ A） you should not pity for others （ B） life isnt and wont be fair （ C） sympathy is a heartfelt emotion （ D） pity is a self-defeating emotion 10 From the passage, we can learn tha
22、t the authors attitude to life is _. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） self-pity （ D） indifferent 10 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star genera
23、l. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的 ) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The televisio
24、n repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份 ) than to step out of un
25、iform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的 ). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent
26、 loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniform
27、s also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian
28、clothes. 11 It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _. （ A） still judge a man by his clothes （ B） hold the uniform in such high regard （ C） enjoy having a professional identity （ D） will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform 12 People are accustom
29、ed to think that a man in uniform_. （ A） suggests quality work （ B） discards his social identity （ C） appears to be more practical （ D） looks superior to a person in civilian clothes 13 The chief function of a uniform is to_. （ A） provide practical benefits to the wearer （ B） make the wearer catch t
30、he public eye （ C） inspire the wearers confidence in himself （ D） provide the wearer with a professional identity 14 According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _. （ A） are usually helpful （ B） have little or no individual freedom （ C） tend to lose their individuality （ D） enjoy greater popula
31、rity 15 The best title for this passage would be _. （ A） Uniforms and Society （ B） The Importance of Wearing a Uniform （ C） Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform （ D） Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms 15 “Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl.“ Fatherhood is going to have a different meani
32、ng and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not p
33、articularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. Whatever the reaction to the birth
34、 of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation (协调 ) process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has liter
35、ature focused on the role of fathers. It is argued by some writers that the change to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative
36、(创新的 ) adaptation. On the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household. 16 What can we know about fatherhood
37、 from the passage? （ A） It brings a feeling of excitement to most men. （ B） It makes some men feel proud and others uneasy. （ C） It has a different meaning for men who have daughters. （ D） It means a responsibility that men accept unwillingly. 17 What does the passage say about the shift from the ro
38、le of husband to that of father? （ A） Numerous books have been written about it. （ B） Not enough attention has been paid to it. （ C） The shift is harder for men than for women. （ D） The shift is a difficult but incomplete one. 18 What can we know about mothers from the passage? （ A） Mothers get more
39、 attention and recognition from society. （ B） Mothers are innovative and demanding according to some writers. （ C） Mothers generally stay at home to take care of the children. （ D） Mothers should help fathers in their reconciliation process. 19 Which of the following will the author most probably di
40、sagree with? （ A） Its as difficult to be a father as it is to be a mother. （ B） More books should focus on the role of fathers. （ C） The father is still the breadwinner in the household. （ D） Fathers are as important to children as mothers. 20 The authors purpose in writing this passage is to_. （ A）
41、 explain why there are few books on the role of fathers （ B） praise mothers for their great contributions to the home （ C） criticize fathers for not taking enough responsibility in bringing up the children （ D） complain about the lack of social programs to help fathers in their role shift 大学英语四级（阅读）
42、模拟试卷 5答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查特殊符号处。作者在第 1段第 2句很清楚地
43、在 Americans are a marrying people后面用冒号引出对这一说法的解释。对比选项A与选项 B，就可发现选项 A不够完整。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 1段第 1句的主语揭示了答案应为选项 A。选项 B与原文第 1段第 3句的陈述不符，选项 C和 D均无 原文依据。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题涉及第 2段的理解，该段第 1句是一个主语从句，也可视为该段的主题句，点出了本段的主题是 nuclear family，该段其他句子描述了什么是 nuclear family。本题其实考查哪个
44、选项是对 nuclear family的正确描述，明白了第 2段的结构后，找出正确答案就不难了。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。在最后一段第 1句中，通过对比 full-time和 parttime的本义，以及联系上下文讲到的家庭现象，可以推断出 part-time children应是指时不时和父亲或母亲生活的小孩，由此可见，选项 C是正确答案。选项 A毫无原文依据， B明显错误，题干中问的是 part-time children，故显然不可能 spend all of their time否则修饰语就应该是 fulltime，选项 D与 “It is
45、not all that unusual” 相悖。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章结尾处 暗示了答案。原文并未讨论婚姻的功能，故选项 A不对，选项 B并无依据，选项 D有悖第 2段第 1句的意思。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查隐含的因果关系。第 1段破折号后面的内容为隐含的原因，由此可见 C为本题正确选项。选项 A没有原文依据，选项 B与结论并无合理的因果关系，选项 D对原文有曲解，原文是说这个问题使作者想起了年轻时候的往事，而并不是选项 D中说的 learn from the que
46、stion。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。第 2段首句中 do the very best we can与第 2句 We knowitsour challenge 表明选项 D为本题正确答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项 C，其中的 challenge在第 2句明确提到但是此处的challenge不是指挑战生活而是指本句第一个分句中提到的 “让所有事情完美 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本段第 1句是主题句，理解这个同位语从句是关键，只有 选项 A表达了这一句的意思。要注意其中 surrende
47、r的宾语是 the fact that life isnt fair，而不是 life，这样就可以否定最具干扰性的 B选项了。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 词义推断题。本题考查 this所指的理解。最后一段倒数第 2句中，this very basic fact指的是本句的从句中的 the injustices of the world，另外，短语the fact that life isnt fair在文中反复出现，是 本文的主题，因此结合上下文可以推出答案。其余三项虽然在文中均有提及但只是个别细节并非作者反复强调的中心话题。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案
48、】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。作者批评了自怜的情绪，提出对他人要有同情心，强调承认生活不公平并不是向生活妥协，而是将我们从自我怜悯中摆脱出来，采取一些有积极意义的行动，由此可见，作者对生活的态度是积极的，即选项 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据文章首句转 折词 yet后面的信息 “尽管美国人很为他们的多样性和个性自豪，但是没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与尊敬的了 ”结合核心词 uniform及同义表达 (holdin high regard 即 respect)，故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解
49、析】 推理判断题。根据第 2段第 2句 “人们习惯性地期望穿制服的人有较高的专业素质 ”，故选 A。选项 D错在用 superior来比较人了，文中用的是superior quality。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 D 【 试题解析】 主旨大意题。根据第 2段首句 “they look more professional than civilian clothes”及尾句的反问 “What easier way is thereto lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?”选含有高频词汇 professional的 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第 4段首句中的 “loss of individuality”进行同义替换，选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。根据第 2至 4段首句的对比，对于文章最好的概括为选项 D“制服的优缺点 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识
