1、山东省成人本科英语模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspo
2、nding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地 )spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies
3、 met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands
4、 of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western rail
5、road companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began fo
6、ur years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in wha
7、t is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging Westward Movement. It also helped build up ind
8、ustry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States. 1 The major problems with America s railroad system in the mid-19th century lay in （ A） lack of financial support for devel
9、opment （ B） poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems （ C） limited railroad lines （ D） lack of a transcontinental railroad 2 The building of the first transcontinental system_. （ A） brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west. （ B） attracted many visitors to the constru
10、ction sites （ C） attracted laborers from Europe （ D） encouraged people to travel all over the country 3 The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _. （ A） 3 years （ B） 7 years （ C） 4 years （ D） 9 years 4 What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad? （ A） The possi
11、bility of government support for such a task. （ B） The need to explore Utah. （ C） The need to develop the railroad industry in the west. （ D） The need to connect the east coast with the west. 5 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） Settlements Spread Westward （ B） The Importance of Railroa
12、ds in the American Economy （ C） American Railroad History （ D） The Coast-to Coast Railroad: A Vital Link 5 The World Health Organization is using a new combination of drugs to treat African trypanosomiasis disease, also known as sleeping sickness. The drugs will be given out in Uganda and the Democr
13、atic Republic of the Congo. Officials say the new treatment has fewer side effects. It is also more effective and less costly than the drugs traditionally used. In addition, the new treatment reduces the number of injections needed. And it shortens the amount of time patients must spend in hospital.
14、 Sleeping sickness threatens millions of people in 36 countries in Africa. Most live in poor rural areas. The disease is caused by the trypanosoma parasite(寄生物 ). It is spread to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies(采采蝇 ). Common signs of sleeping sickness include fever, headaches, extre
15、me tiredness and pain in the muscles and joints. Early identification of the disease may be difficult because many infected people do not show any immediate symptoms. Over time, the parasites invade the central nervous system. The disease causes sleep disorders, mental confusion, personality changes
16、 and speech problems. If left untreated, sleeping sickness kills. Its estimated that about 60,000 people are currently infected with the disease. It develops in two different forms. Trypanosomagambiense is responsible for 90% of the reported cases of sleeping sickness. People infected with this form
17、 may develop the disease over many years without any major symptoms. Until now the drug melarsoprol is used to treat patients in the advanced stage of sleeping sickness. But the drug requires many painful injections several times a day for several weeks. It also causes bad side effects, some of whic
18、h can be deadly. In Uganda, a new study has confirmed earlier research linking the spread of sleeping sickness to infected farm animals. The writers of the study have called for stronger rules requiring cattle to be treated before being sold at market. 6 The following are the advantages of the new t
19、reatment EXCEPT_. （ A） having an intended effect （ B） low price （ C） reducing injections and hospitalization （ D） no bad side effects 7 It is hard to identify sleeping sickness in the early stage because_. （ A） it is spread to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies （ B） the infected patien
20、ts live in poor conditions （ C） there are so many infected people in Africa （ D） the symptoms of the disease doesnt occur at once 8 Which of the following statements is WRONG? （ A） Nine people in ten infected with sleeping sickness in Africa result from trypano-somagambiense. （ B） The invasion of sl
21、eeping sickness may lead to death. （ C） The drug melarsoprol is used to treat patients in the early stage of sleeping sickness. （ D） There are many disadvantages for the drug melarsoprol to control sleeping sickness. 9 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. （ A） farm animals infected by
22、trypanosoma parasite is a main source of sleeping sickness （ B） all the animals must be get rid of by the government （ C） there isnt any rules requiring cattle to be treated before being sold at market in Uganda （ D） cattle is forbidden to enter the market before being infected by trypanosoma parasi
23、te 10 The passage is primarily written to_. （ A） explain the importance of good sleep habits （ B） provide the latest medical treatment information （ C） prevent African trypanosomiasis disease （ D） introduce the common signs of sleeping sickness 10 To understand the marketing concept, it is only nece
24、ssary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the n
25、eeds of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known a
26、s the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business
27、is benevolent(慈善的 )or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route
28、 to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers. A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought a-bout a prompt
29、(果断的 )restoration(恢复 )of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled! 11 The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _. （ A） the practice of turning goods into money （ B） making goods available for purchase （ C） the customer-centered approach （ D）
30、a form of persuasive salesmanship 12 What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted? （ A） The needs of the market. （ B） The efficiency of production. （ C） The satisfaction of the user. （ D） The preferences of the dealer. 13 According to the passage, “to
31、move as much of these goods as possible“(Para. 1, Lines 3 4)means “_“. （ A） to sell the largest possible amount of goods （ B） to transport goods as efficiently as possible （ C） to dispose of these goods in large quantities （ D） to redesign these goods for large-scale production 14 What docs the rest
32、oration of the Classic Coke best illustrate? （ A） Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. （ B） It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. （ C） Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. （ D） Products must be designed to suit the t
33、aste of the consumer. 15 In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_. （ A） its main characteristic （ B） its social impact （ C） its possible consequence （ D） its theoretical basis 15 Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin t
34、o question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero? Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure
35、 to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people. The hero lives a life worthy of im
36、itation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons b
37、ut not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant? Heroes are catalysts(催化剂 )for change. They have a vision from the mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, Ind
38、ia might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. , we might still have segregated(隔离的 )buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, hut the pace of change would be slow, the
39、vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless . 16 Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _. （ A） generally possess certain inspiring characteristics （ B） probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people （ C） are often influenced by previous generations （ D） all unknowingly a
40、ttract a large number of fans 17 According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that （ A） they have a vision from the mountain top （ B） they have warm feelings and emotions （ C） they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles （ D） they can make people feel stro
41、nger and more confident 18 Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because _. （ A） they are popular only among certain groups of people （ B） their performances do not improve their fans morally （ C） their primary concern is their own financial interests （ D） they are not clear about th
42、e principles they should follow 19 Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who （ A） are good at demonstrating their charming characters （ B） can move the masses with their forceful speeches （ C） are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships （ D） can provide an
43、 answer to the problems of their people 20 The author concludes that historical changes would_. （ A） be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities （ B） not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices （ C） take place if there were heroes to lead the people （ D） produce leader
44、s with attractive personalities 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answ
45、er Sheet with a single line through the center. 21 I learned to_a bicycle as a small boy. （ A） drive （ B） ride （ C） operate （ D） run 22 I dont mind_the decision as long as it is not too late. （ A） you to delay making （ B） your delaying making （ C） your delaying to make （ D） you delay to make 23 Have
46、_the buttons of his coat and walked out of the room. （ A） fastened （ B） tied （ C） wrapped （ D） bound 24 After she felt insulted, the attempts to persuade her to stay were_. （ A） of no use （ B） on the contrary （ C） at a loss （ D） in no way 25 When you enter the country, you are required to pay_on goo
47、ds. （ A） fares （ B） fees （ C） charges （ D） duties 26 I will never forget_ you for the first time. （ A） to meet （ B） to have meet （ C） meeting （ D） having to be meeting 27 Babies often_down when they are learning to walk. （ A） drop （ B） fall （ C） step （ D） jump 28 No longer are contributions to compu
48、ter technology confined to any one country; _is this more true than in Europe. （ A） hardly （ B） little （ C） seldom （ D） nowhere 29 He talked about animals in Australia and gave kangaroo as _. （ A） an example （ B） a sample （ C） a sampler （ D） samples 30 They were enjoying themselves. _, they appeared
49、 to be enjoying themselves. （ A） However （ B） Or rather （ C） Further more （ D） As a result 31 The meat smells_. （ A） terrible （ B） well （ C） badly （ D） terribly 32 With such haste_downstairs that he fell and twisted his ankle. （ A） did Jim run （ B） Jim did run （ C） ran Jim （ D） Jim ran 33 The body needs a certain_of vitamins every day in order to function efficiently. （ A） option （ B） circulation （ C） intake （ D） reception 34 Im sure he is up to
