1、托福模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 0 “Professors Office“ 1 Why does the woman go to see her professor? （ A） To get advice about memorizing information （ B） To clarify several terms that she doesnt understand （ C） To get permission to bring her children to class （ D） To ask a question about classroom procedures 2 What
2、do semantic memory and episodic memory have in common? （ A） They are both included in short-term memory. （ B） They do not concentrate on each step in the process. （ C） They are subcategories of declarative memory. （ D） They are the two major types of long-term memory. 3 When the professor gives the
3、example of riding a bicycle, what kind of memory is he referring to? （ A） Declarative memory （ B） Episodic memory （ C） Procedural memory （ D） Semantic memory 4 What does the student mean when she says this: （ A） She wants confirmation that the professor understands. （ B） She is worried that the prof
4、essor may not be able to remember. （ C） She remembers something else that she needs to say. （ D） She disagrees with the professors example about vocabulary. 5 What does the professor suggest? （ A） He wants the woman to come back to his office again. （ B） He expects the woman to ask questions in writ
5、ing. （ C） He offers to respond to additional questions by e-mail. （ D） He does not think that the woman will have more questions. 5 “Literature Class“ 6 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） The life of author Jonathan Swift （ B） A narrative of the fourth voyage of Gulliver （ C） A description of
6、 the Houyhnhnms （ D） The literature of the 1700s 7 What does Gulliver learn about himself? （ A） He is like the Yahoos in many ways. （ B） He does not want to return to England. （ C） He wants to write about his experience. （ D） He is afraid of the Houyhnhnm. 8 Why does the professor say this: （ A） She
7、 is criticizing the author. （ B） She is asking the students a question. （ C） She is preparing to draw a conclusion. （ D） She is changing the subject. 9 According to the professor, what kind of book is Gullivers Travels? （ A） A biography of Jonathan Swift （ B） A satire about mankind （ C） A history of
8、 politics in England （ D） A childrens story about animals 10 What can we infer about the literature of the period? （ A） Satire was very popular. （ B） Most books were nonfiction. （ C） It copied the style of Swift. （ D） The tone was not very serious. 10 “Geology Class“ 11 What is this discussion mainl
9、y about? （ A） How to exploit nonrenewable mineral resources （ B） The exploitation of minerals in protected environments （ C） Pollution as a by-product of mineral exploitation （ D） The economic and environmental costs of exploiting minerals 12 According to the professor, what are two problems that ca
10、n be anticipated when roads are cut into an area for mining? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） The labor is difficult to retain. （ B） The natural landscape is damaged. （ C） The roadbeds create waste piles. （ D） The ecosystem is disturbed. 13 Why does the professor say this: （ A） As encouragement for a
11、 more complete answer （ B） Because he doesnt understand the students answer （ C） To give another student an opportunity to speak （ D） For positive reinforcement of a correct answer 14 What option is proposed as an alternative when all of the mineral resources in easily accessible locations have been
12、 depleted? （ A） Converting to nonrenewable resources （ B） Concentrating on conservation of the resources （ C） Developing synthetic resources to replace minerals （ D） Using new technology to search the area again 15 What does the professor imply about the environmental costs of mineral exploitation?
13、（ A） He thinks that the environmental costs are less than the economic costs. （ B） He regrets that the environment is damaged during mineral exploitation. （ C） He opposes mineral exploitation when it is done close to urban areas. （ D） He believes in exploiting the resources in national parks and his
14、toric reserves. 16 What does the professor want the students to do in this class session? （ A） Listen carefully and take notes （ B） Bring in alternative ideas to present （ C） Ask questions and draw conclusions （ D） Prepare for a quiz at the end 16 “Professors Office“ 17 Why does the student go to th
15、e professors office? （ A） To change his schedule （ B） To apply for a job （ C） To introduce himself （ D） To help the professor 18 What does the professor mean when she says this: （ A） She does not want the man to be uncomfortable. （ B） She thinks that the responsibilities are too difficult, （ C） She
16、is concerned that the man will be bored. （ D） She is worried that the man will not try to help her. 19 What experience does the man have that may be helpful? （ A） He knows how to operate the grading machine. （ B） He has answered the telephone in a law office. （ C） He has used computer programs for o
17、ffice work. （ D） He has been a work-study student in another office. 20 What is the pay for the work-study position? （ A） An hourly rate for sixteen hours per week regardless of the activity. （ B） An hourly rate for the time spent working but not for studying. （ C） A higher rate for working and a lo
18、wer rate for studying. （ D） A weekly rate depending on the number of hours worked. 21 What can we assume about the meeting? （ A） The professor was impressed with the student. （ B） The student is not interested in the opportunity. （ C） The secretary will not need to interview the student. （ D） The wo
19、rk is very difficult to accomplish. 21 “Music Appreciation Class“ 22 What is the main purpose Of the lecture? （ A） To explain chamber music （ B） To give examples of composers （ C） To congratulate the University Quartet （ D） To introduce madrigal singing 23 What is the origin of the term chamber musi
20、c? （ A） A medieval musical instrument （ B） An old word that means “small group“ （ C） A place where the music was played （ D） A name of one of the original musicians 24 Which of the following are the key characteristics of chamber music in the Classical Period? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） Baroque
21、 style （ B） Complex melodies （ C） Longer pieces （ D） Amateur musicians 25 What does the professor mean when she says this about Beethoven: （ A） She doubts that Beethoven could have written the quartets. （ B） She is in admiration of Beethovens exceptional talent. （ C） She thinks that the later quarte
22、ts could have been improved. （ D） She is inviting the students to question her information. 26 Why does the professor mention Impressionism? （ A） She is comparing the experimentation in art with that in music. （ B） She is making a transition into a discussion of art in the Modern Period. （ C） She is
23、 giving an example of the work of the Romantics. （ D） She is telling a story that includes some of the Impressionist painters. 27 How did the professor organize the lecture? （ A） She compared different types of musical compositions. （ B） She arranged the information in chronological order. （ C） She
24、argued the advantages and disadvantages. （ D） She responded to questions that the students asked. 27 “Botany Class“ 28 What is this discussion mainly about? （ A） Growing plants without soil （ B） Mixing nutrients in water （ C） Identifying chemicals in soil （ D） Solving problems in the water 29 Why do
25、es the professor talk about the history of hydroponics? （ A） She wants to put the modern method in historical context. （ B） She is trying to prove that hydroponics is a new idea. （ C） She is following the information in the textbook very closely. （ D） She digressed from the subject for a long time.
26、30 According to the professor, what is the greatest advantage of hydroponics? （ A） The plants are less likely to develop soil-borne diseases. （ B） The cultivation requires much less labor than traditional methods. （ C） The water can be recycled in a hydroponic environment. （ D） Less space is needed
27、to produce a large number of plants. 31 Why does the professor say this: （ A） She is making a statement to generate further discussion. （ B） She is drawing a conclusion to end the point about soil. （ C） She is answering the question that was posed about regions. （ D） She is trying to understand what
28、 the student just said. 32 Why does the professor suggest that the students refer to their lab workbook? （ A） To see the diagram of the experiment （ B） To read more about plant growth （ C） To find a list of important plant nutrients （ D） To locate the instructions for building a tank 33 According to
29、 the professor, why are roots important to plants? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） To absorb water and nutrients （ B） To take in enough oxygen （ C） To suspend the plants in the solution （ D） To filter out toxic substances 33 “Library“ 34 Why does the man approach the librarian? （ A） He needs an expl
30、anation of his assignment. （ B） He is looking for an encyclopedia. （ C） He needs help finding some data. （ D） He is trying to find the reference section. 35 What does the woman mean when she says this: （ A） She is showing comprehension. （ B） She is expressing surprise. （ C） She is talking to herself
31、. （ D） She is dismissing the man. 36 What does the librarian imply? （ A） The man can find a chart in an encyclopedia. （ B） The professor has explained the assignment clearly. （ C） The library has a very good reference section. （ D） The man should not change the assignment. 37 What example does the l
32、ibrarian give for the assignment? （ A） A relative comparison of home prices （ B） Average family income in several countries （ C） International business around the world （ D） Global economic patterns in this decade 38 What will the man do with the information? （ A） Show it to the librarian （ B） Write
33、 a report for class （ C） Draw a chart or a graph （ D） Decide where to live 38 “Art History Class“ 39 What is this discussion mainly about? （ A） Artists in New York （ B） Post Impressionists （ C） Abstract Expressionism （ D） The Guggenheim collection 40 To what did some critics compare Pollocks work? （
34、 A） Nature （ B） Dancing （ C） Chaos （ D） Houses 41 According to the professor, what defines action art? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） Control （ B） Design （ C） Coincidence （ D） Imbalance 42 Why does the professor say this: （ A） He is helping the student to find the exact word. （ B） He is correcting
35、something that the student said. （ C） He is changing the topic of the discussion. （ D） He is trying to regain the floor to continue. 43 What is interesting about the painting, “Lavender Mist?“ （ A） The unusual color （ B） The texture of the paint （ C） The artists handprints （ D） The number of copies
36、44 What is the professors opinion of Pollock? （ A） He thinks that Pollock was an excellent illustrator. （ B） He argues that Pollocks work was influential. （ C） He expresses reservations about Pollocks work. （ D） He agrees with Pollocks critics. 44 “Engineering Class“ 45 What is this lecture mainly a
37、bout? （ A） Reinforced concrete in buildings （ B） The stresses caused by earthquakes （ C） Earthquake-resistant structures （ D） Understanding construction sites 46 Which technique is used to reinforce walls? （ A） Cross-bracing （ B） Shear cores （ C） Bolting （ D） Base isolators 47 Which two materials ar
38、e used in base isolators? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） Rubber （ B） Steel （ C） Concrete （ D） Soil 48 What happens to fill dirt during an earthquake? （ A） It allows the building to sway. （ B） It reduces earthquake damage. （ C） It becomes unstable and collapses. （ D） It creates mild shock waves. 49
39、Why does the professor say this: （ A） He is introducing a new major point. （ B） He is trying to get the students to participate. （ C） He is drawing a conclusion about engineering. （ D） He is disagreeing with his previous comment. 50 What does the professor think about computer sensors for buildings?
40、 （ A） He thinks this is a superior. method for preserving buildings. （ B） He finds the research on sensors for pistons very encouraging. （ C） He is more concerned about the potential for people to be injured. （ D） He doubts that the concept will result in design improvements. 一、 Sections Three： Read
41、ing Comprehension 50 NORTH AMERICAN GRASSLANDS 1 In North America, native grasslands occur primarily in the Great Plains in the middle of the continent. The North American prairie biome is one of the most extensive grasslands in the world, extending from the edge of the Rocky Mountains in the west t
42、o the deciduous forest in the east, and from northern Mexico in the south to Canada in the north. Average annual rainfall ranges from about 40 cm (16 inches) in the west to 80 cm (31 inches) in the east. Average annual temperatures range between 10 degrees and 20 degrees Celsius (50 to 68 degrees Fa
43、hrenheit). In the moist regions of the North American grasslands, especially in the northern Great Plains, rainfall is distinctly seasonal, and temperatures can vary widely from very hot in summer to bitter cold in winter. 2 One hundred years ago, the Great Plains grasslands were one vast, unbroken
44、prairie. Much of the prairie is now farmland, the most productive agricultural region in the world, dominated by monocultures of cereal grains. Wheat, barley, soybeans, corn, and sunflowers occupy the land that was once prairie. In areas given over to grazing lands for cattle and sheep, virtually al
45、l the major native grasses have been replaced by alien species. 3 An important feature of the northern Great Plains grasslands is the presence of millions of glacial depressions that are now small ponds known as prairie potholes. They were formed during the most recent Ice Age, when streams flowed i
46、n tunnels beneath glacially formed sandy ridges. When the Ice Age ended around 12,000 years ago, the retreating glaciers created about 25 million depressions across a 300,000-square-mile landscape about 83 potholes per square mile. As the ice blocks melted, much of the water was left behind, forming
47、 wetlands ranging in size from a tenth of an acre to several acres. The wetlands were soon surrounded by fluttering waves of grasses: shortgrass, mixed grass, and tallgrass. 4 Today these small wetlands still cover the prairies, although much of the landscape including both native grasses and pothol
48、es has been transformed to cropland and grassland for grazing. What does remain of the wetlands, however, still serves as an important breeding area for more than 300 bird species, including large numbers of migrating shorebirds and waterfowl. The potholes fill up with water during spring rains and
49、usually dry out by late summer. Every spring, birds arrive in great numbers northern pintails, mallards, coots, and pied-billed grebes 4 to 6 million strong, to mate in the seasonal wetlands that dot portions of Minnesota, Iowa, North and South Dakota, Montana, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Prairie pothole country produces half of North Americas 35 to 40 million ducks and is renowned worldwide as a “duck factory.“ 5 Recently biologists have discovered that the prairie pothole region is potentially a vast carbon sink: a natural sponge that absorbs carb
