1、托福模拟试卷 46及答案与解析 0 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a business class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 1 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） Whether the market creates or satisfies the needs. （ B） The relationship between marketing and customers
2、. （ C） What should marketers do to launch a new product. （ D） What should marketers do to develop a new market. 2 In the lecture, the professor mentioned the hierarchy of needs. Click in the correct box for the needs mentioned in the listening material. 3 Why does the professor mention the hierarchy
3、 of needs? （ A） Because needs are essential motivation for purchasing. （ B） Because needs are one of the core foundations for marketing. （ C） Because needs are the basic factor in marketing procedures. （ D） Because needs reflects the demand of supply. 4 According to the professor, what is NOT includ
4、ed when talking about marketing? （ A） Marketing is the process of identifying the needs. （ B） Marketing is the process of influencing the needs. （ C） Marketing is the process of creating the needs. （ D） Marketing is the process of satisfying the needs. 5 What does the professor mean when he says thi
5、s? （ A） Marketers could only create products instead of demands. （ B） Marketers should create the proper market for their products. （ C） Marketers can influence customers demands. （ D） Marketers are dominated by the customers. 6 Why does the professor say this? （ A） To express his uncertainty about
6、the facts. （ B） To encourage students to give an answer. （ C） To ask a question and then give more details on this topic. （ D） To find out whether the students have their own opinions. 6 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between to students. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use
7、 your notes to help you. answer. 7 Why does Anna go to see her classmate? （ A） She has some questions to ask him. （ B） She intends to arrange a debate for the class. （ C） She intends to discuss with him on marketing. （ D） She intends to inform him of the class arrangement. 8 Why does the woman think
8、 that marketing can sometimes shape consumers needs and wants? （ A） She realizes that marketers can use strategies to influence customers. （ B） She finds out that the latest music and the coolest celebrities are attractive. （ C） She is worried that the marketers control customers demands. （ D） She r
9、ealizes that phrases and advertisements can attract customers attention. 9 What is Jacks suggestion for the next business class? （ A） To discuss the topic of the former lecture. （ B） To hold a debate on how to make attractive advertisements. （ C） To hand in an assignment to the professor. （ D） To di
10、scuss marketing strategies with the professor. 10 Why does Anna say this? （ A） To indicate that she does not agree with the man. （ B） To assure that the man is addressing his point of view. （ C） To indicate that she is a little surprised at his view. （ D） To encourage the man to explain why he holds
11、 that opinion. 11 What can be inferred about Jack? （ A） He is not planning to talk about the topic now. （ B） He expects the woman to respond to the questions in class. （ C） He is concerned that her question may be difficult to answer. （ D） He is not sure if he can discuss with Anna successfully. 11
12、Narrator Listen to part of a talk in a history class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 12 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The ideas contributing to the American Dream. （ B） The history of American immigration. （ C） The famous persons who had contr
13、ibuted to the country. （ D） The influences the American Dream has had on American history. 13 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the factor that contributes to American Dream? （ A） The long developed culture. （ B） The influence of religion. （ C） Enlightenment thinkers. （ D） Immigration polic
14、y. 14 Why does the professor mention the immigrants? （ A） They have played an important role in the history and even now. （ B） They helped to form the country back in the history. （ C） They did great things to improve the economy of the country. （ D） Americans are all children of immigrants who came
15、 for their dreams. 15 What does the professor say about the Declaration of Independence? （ A） It is quite important in the history of the U.S. （ B） It provides enlightenment of the American Dream. （ C） It assures human rights in various aspects. （ D） It is drawn up by the famous person, John Locke.
16、16 According to the professor, what is the basic philosophical foundation of the nation? （ A） John Lockes three concepts. （ B） Voltaires first Amendment. （ C） Montesquieus Constitution. （ D） Machiavelli and Hobbe. 17 Why does the professor say this? （ A） To express his uncertainty about the facts. （
17、 B） To criticize the students neglect. （ C） To explain the importance of the constitution. （ D） To encourage students to express their opinions. 17 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 18 What aspec
18、t of animal experimentation does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） How harmful it is to use animals in experiments. （ B） How useless it is to use animals for medical treament. （ C） How fast is animal experimentation developed in recent years. （ D） How is animal experimentation different from other
19、kinds of experimetation. 19 What does the professor say about animal experimentation? （ A） Human life is more important than animal life. （ B） All animal experimentation is necessary. （ C） Animal experimentation has saved human lives. （ D） Animal experimentation is very effective in testing new drug
20、s. 20 What is the evidence to deny animal experimentation? （ A） Some side effects cannot be communicated by animals. （ B） Animal experimentation is extremely cruel to animals. （ C） Human beings benefit nothing from animal experimentation. （ D） Animal experimentation is as effective as some people ha
21、ve expected. 21 What does the professor imply when he says this? （ A） Ask students whether they are willing to do something for animals. （ B） Some measures should be introduced to stop animal experimentation. （ C） The students should pay attention to his question and try to answer it. （ D） He wants
22、to find out whether the students care about this issue. 22 Why does the professor say this? （ A） To emphasize that animal experimentation is immoral. （ B） To show that animal experimentation is necessary. （ C） To explain what animal experimentation is good for. （ D） To remind the students of somethi
23、ng discussed earlier. 23 How does the professor remind students of the cruelness of animal experimentation? （ A） He gives a detailed description of the cruelness of animal experimentation. （ B） He encourages students to imagine the pain that the animals suffer from in animal experimentation. （ C） He
24、 compares it with the hypothermia experiments done on Jews. （ D） He reminds the class of the fact that scientists define begging calls. 23 Narrator Listen to part of a discussion in a physics class. The professor is discussing Forces. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to
25、help you answer. 24 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） The metric unit of forces. （ B） The magnitude and direction of various forces. （ C） The two kinds of forces and their features. （ D） The diagrams of forces. 25 How does the professor emphasize his point about force classification? （ A） By
26、 stating the definition and giving examples. （ B） By explaining the relationship between the two categories. （ C） By identifying the members of each category. （ D） By comparing the magnitude of the two categories. 26 What are two key factors of force description? Clink on 2 answers. （ A） Magnitude.
27、（ B） Weight. （ C） Direction. （ D） Power. 27 According to the discussion, what forces belong to action-at-a-distance forces? Clink on 3 answers. （ A） Gravitational forces. （ B） Magnetic forces. （ C） Frictional forces. （ D） Electric forces. （ E） Tensional forces. 28 What can be inferred about student
28、A? （ A） He tries to summarize what the professor has said. （ B） He tries to express his own opinion. （ C） He raises a question on the topic. （ D） He becomes quite confused on the topic. 29 What does the professor mean when she says this? （ A） She thinks the students view is quite right. （ B） She thi
29、nks the students opinion is wrong. （ C） She is not sure about the students opinion. （ D） She does not want to give her own opinion. 29 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation in a library. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 30 What does the student ne
30、ed from the library? （ A） He is not quite sure about it. （ B） He is interested in business. （ C） He needs the librarians help. （ D） He needs a specific reference book. 31 Where will the student and the librarian look for the information the student needs? （ A） In the reading room of the library. （ B
31、） In the E-library of their university. （ C） In the business department. （ D） In the business section of the library. 32 What can we infer from the titles the student was looking at? （ A） He is specializing in business and management. （ B） He finds it convenient to find a specific book. （ C） He is q
32、uite interested in business and management. （ D） He is quite satisfied with the services of E-library. 33 What does the library NOT permit students to do? （ A） Reading the E-books in the library. （ B） Downloading the E-books from the library. （ C） Using the E-library to find information. （ D） Borrow
33、ing the books they find in the E-library. 34 What does the student mean when he says this? （ A） He is not sure whether he needs help. （ B） He is not sure whether the librarian would help him. （ C） He hesitates to bother the librarian. （ D） He is not sure whether he can find the information he needs.
34、 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 Mountain ClimbingMountain climbing, or ascending mountains, is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide a challenge. The activitys rewards include the physical exercise it provides, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by worki
35、ng with others, the thrill of reaching a summit, and the unobstructed views from a mountaintop. Exploration and research are other reasons that people climb mountains. Since ancient times, people have viewed mountain peaks as towering objects of myth, spiritual inspiration, and romantic beauty. Earl
36、y peoples made ascents only to hunt game, to rescue lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy. Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible peaks ceased to be feared and avoided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a
37、sport was born on August 8, 1786. Since that ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques. The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techni
38、ques, equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing. Alpine climbing began in the European Alps in the late 18th century and is now practiced in all mountain ranges of the world. Alpine climbing involves the continuous ascent of a mountain peak over a perio
39、d of one to several days by a team of at least two alpinists. Teams may consist of as many as four climbers. The climbers carry all the equipment they need a camping stove and fuel, sleeping bags, sleeping mats, a tent or bivouac sack, first aid gear, a water bottle, and food. Each night the climber
40、s spend the night on a mountain ledge before continuing upward. Ice climbing grew out of traditional mountaineering, and ice climbers use the basic equipment, techniques, and safety precautions that alpinists do, with certain specialized changes to account for the added difficulties of ascending ver
41、tical sheets of ice. For example, Eckensteins ten-point crampons enabled mountaineers to ascend more difficult and steeper climbs over icy routes.(A) Ice climbers later created more radically drooped ice axe picks and ergonomically designed ice axe shafts, allowing them to venture onto continuously
42、vertical, and even overhanging, frozen waterfalls. In the early 20th century, French and German mountaineers sought out new challenges by training on cliffs and boulders near their homes.(B) The earliest documented rock climb done for sport was the 35-m high Napes Needle in the Lake District of Engl
43、and.(C) CIimbing areas may be relatively small crags of rock, large canyon sidewalls, or immense mountain faces.(D) Granite, limestone, sandstone, metamorphosed schist, and gneiss are the five most popular rock types for climbing. In recent years, well-publicized successes and tragedies in mountaine
44、ering activities and improvements in climbing equipment have given rise to an increased number of mountain climbers worldwide. The sports popularity has led some countries to require mountaineers to purchase climbing permits. Himalayan expeditions must also pay an environmental bond to guarantee tha
45、t they will remove all of their waste at the conclusion of their trip. Environmental protection efforts are underway at many rock climbing areas to ease ecological strains on popular areas. Local climbers participate in an annual cleanup day to maintain approach trails, wash gymnastic chalk off the
46、rock, and pick up litter. The Access Fund is the national organization that helps climbers gain access to climbing areas and also assists with environmental problems associated with cliffs in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s indoor rock-climbing gyms have played a key role in introducing la
47、rge numbers of people to climbing by featuring short climbs in a controlled setting. However, making the transition to climbing outside is not always easy. New skills and judgment calls are required outdoors, because real cliffs are subject to bad weather and other hazards such as loose rock and fal
48、ling stones. In the late 20th century, climbing competitions became popular with rock climbers and ice climbers of all ages and skill levels. Regular competition climbing is judged on how high the climber can ascend within a specified period of time. Speed climbing competitions pit climbers against
49、a clock to see how fast they can scale a wall. Local climbing gyms and clubs sponsor competitions, as do national organizations such as the American Sport Climbing Federation. 35 The word thrill in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） opportunity （ B） pleasure （ C） danger （ D） difficulty 36 According to Paragraph 1, what rewards can people get from mountain climbing? （ A） They can make a living from climbing mountains. （ B） They can get satisfaction, excitement, exercise and interaction. （ C） They can challenge themselves by climbing mountains. （ D） They can
