1、托福模拟试卷 48及答案与解析 0 This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.Listen to each conversation and lecture only one time. After each conversation and lecture, you will answer some questions about it. Answer each question based on what is stated or implied by the
2、 speakers.You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.In some questions, you will see this icon: . This means that you will hear, but not see, the question.Answer each question before moving on. Do not return to previous ques
3、tions.It will take about 60 minutes to listen to the conversations and lectures and answer the questions about them.Directions: Listen to Track 42. Directions: Now answer the questions. 1 Why does the student go to the career services office? （ A） To confirm the date and time of the career fair （ B）
4、 To learn the location of the career fair （ C） To find out if he is allowed to attend the career fair （ D） To get advice about interviewing at the career fair 2 Why does the student think that companies representatives would not be interested in talking to him? （ A） He will not be graduating this ye
5、ar. （ B） He is not currently taking business classes. （ C） He has not declared a major yet. （ D） He does not have a current resume. 3 What does the woman imply about the small print on the career fair posters and flyers? （ A） The information in the small print was incomplete. （ B） The print was smal
6、ler than she expected it to be. （ C） The information the small print contains will be updated. （ D） The information in the small print will be presented in a more noticeable way. 4 What does the woman say is a good way for the student to prepare for speaking to companies representatives? Choose 2 an
7、swers. （ A） Take some business classes （ B） Familiarize himself with certain businesses beforehand （ C） Have questions ready to ask the representatives （ D） Talk to people who work for accounting firms 5 Listen to Track 43. （ A） To acknowledge that he cannot go to this years career fair （ B） To ackn
8、owledge the amount of preparation he will have （ C） To indicate that he has school work he must complete before the career fair （ D） To indicate that he needs to go to his job now 5 Economics 6 What is the main purpose of the talk? （ A） To show what happens after an economy has experienced a boom-an
9、d-bust cycle （ B） To illustrate the conditions needed to produce a boom-and-bust cycle （ C） To demonstrate how boom-and-bust cycles have changed over time （ D） To explain why the boom-and-bust cycle is not a frequent historical occurrence 7 What is the professors opinion about the dot-com crash? （ A
10、） She thinks that people should have realized it would happen. （ B） She does not believe that anything like it will happen again. （ C） She is surprised that it did not have more serious consequences. （ D） She is confident that people learned a valuable lesson from it. 8 According to the professor, w
11、here did tulips originate? （ A） In the mountains of central Asia （ B） In the region around Istanbul in Turkey （ C） In the sandy soils of the Netherlands （ D） In the forests of northern Europe 9 Why does the professor mention a merchant who ate tulip bulbs? （ A） To explain how the Turks introduced th
12、e flower to European visitors （ B） To explain what happened to tulip bulbs that did not produce desirable colors （ C） To give an example of one way that the rich in the Netherlands showed off their wealth （ D） To illustrate her point that Europeans were unfamiliar with the flower 10 What were some o
13、f the factors that contributed to the tulip craze in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century? Choose 3 answers. （ A） Wealthy gardeners liked to compete for rare plants. （ B） The number of people with disposable income was growing. （ C） Tulip bulbs were initially cheap and easy to obtain. （ D） Tul
14、ips in the wild bloomed in unusual color combinations. （ E） The tulip market was not regulated by the government. 11 What does this practice explain? Choose 2 answers. （ A） Why tulips replaced gold as a form of currency （ B） Why buyers were no longer interested in owning actual tulips （ C） Why borro
15、wing in the Netherlands increased on a significant scale （ D） Why the middle class in the Netherlands expanded in size 11 Biology 12 What topics related to the Nightcap Oak does the professor mainly discuss? Choose 2 answers. （ A） Factors that relate to the size of the area in which it grows （ B） Th
16、e size of its population over the last few centuries （ C） Whether anything can be done to ensure its survival （ D） Why it did not change much over the last one hundred million years 13 According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive? （ A） It has no evolu
17、tionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today. （ B） It has an inefficient reproductive system. （ C） Its flowers are located at the bases of the leaves. （ D） It is similar to some ancient fossils. 14 What point does the professor make about the Nightcap Oaks habitat? （ A） It is stable
18、despite its limited size. （ B） Unlike the habitats of many plants, it is expanding. （ C） Its recent changes have left the Nightcap Oak struggling to adapt. （ D） Its size is much larger than the area where the Nightcap Oak grows. 15 According to the professor, what are two factors that prevent the Ni
19、ghtcap Oak population from spreading? Choose 2 answers. （ A） The complex conditions required for the trees to produce fruit （ B） The fact that the seed cannot germinate while locked inside the shell （ C） The limited time the seed retains the ability to germinate （ D） Competition with tree species th
20、at evolved more recently 16 Why does the professor mention the size of the Nightcap Oak population over the last few hundred years? （ A） To explain why it is likely that the Nightcap Oak population will increase in the future （ B） To point out that the Nightcap Oaks limited reproductive success has
21、not led to a decrease in its population （ C） To present evidence that the Nightcap Oak is able to tolerate major changes in its environment （ D） To point out that the Nightcap Oak is able to resist diseases that have destroyed other tree species 17 Listen to Track 46. （ A） She wants the students to
22、think about a possible connection. （ B） She wants to know if the students have any questions. （ C） She is implying that researchers have been asking the wrong questions. （ D） She is implying that there may be no connection between the questions. 17 18 Why does the student go to see the professor? （
23、A） She is having trouble finding a topic for her term paper. （ B） She needs his help to find resource materials. （ C） She wants to ask him for an extension on a term paper. （ D） She wants him to approve her plans for a term paper. 19 Why is the student interested in learning more about dialects? （ A
24、） She often has trouble understanding what other students are saying. （ B） She is trying to change the way she speaks. （ C） She is aware that her own dialect differs from those of her roommates. （ D） She spent her childhood in various places where different dialects are spoken. 20 Based on the conve
25、rsation, what can be concluded about “dialect accommodation“? Choose 2 answers. （ A） It is a largely subconscious process. （ B） It is a process that applies only to some dialects. （ C） It is a very common phenomenon. （ D） It is a topic that has not been explored extensively. 21 What does the profess
26、or want the student to do next? （ A） Read some articles he has recommended （ B） Present her proposal before the entire class （ C） Submit a design plan for the project （ D） Listen to recordings of different dialects 22 Listen to Track 48. （ A） He thinks the topic goes beyond his expertise. （ B） He th
27、inks the topic is too broad for the student to manage. （ C） He thinks the topic is not relevant for a linguistics class. （ D） He thinks other students may have chosen the same topic. 22 Creative Writing 23 What aspect of creative writing does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） How to keep a readers
28、interest （ B） How to create believable characters （ C） Key differences between major and minor characters （ D） Techniques for developing short-story plots 24 Why does the professor recommend that students pay attention to the people they see every day? （ A） The behavior and characteristics of these
29、people can be used in character sketches. （ B） Observing people in real-life situations can provide ideas for story plots. （ C） It is easier to observe the behavior of familiar people than of new people. （ D） Students can gather accurate physical descriptions for their characters. 25 The professor d
30、iscusses an example of three friends who run out of gas. What point does he use the example to illustrate? （ A） Writers should know their characters as well as they know their friends. （ B） Writers should create characters that interact in complex ways. （ C） Friends do not always behave the way we e
31、xpect them to behave. （ D） Friends behavior is often more predictable than fictional characters behavior. 26 What warning does the professor give when he talks about the man who lives on the mountain? （ A） Avoid placing characters in remote settings （ B） Avoid having more than one major character （
32、C） Avoid using people as models whose lives are unusual （ D） Avoid making characters into stereotypes 27 What does the professor imply is the importance of flat characters? （ A） They act more predictably than other characters. （ B） They are difficult for readers to understand. （ C） They help reveal
33、the main characters personality. （ D） They are the only characters able to experience defeat. 28 Listen to Track 50. （ A） To indicate that he is about to explain what type of drawing he wants （ B） To help students understand a term that may be confusing （ C） To indicate that he used the wrong word e
34、arlier （ D） To motivate the students to do better work 28 Earth Science 29 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） An example of rapid climate change （ B） A comparison of two mechanisms of climate change （ C） The weather conditions in the present-day Sahara （ D） Recent geological findings made in the
35、 Sahara 30 Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What evidence does the professor mention to support this? Choose 3 answers. （ A） Ancient pollen （ B） Bones from large animals （ C） Rock paintings （ D） Agriculture in ancient Egypt （ E） Underground water 31 In the lecture, what do the Ice A
36、ge and the creation of the Sahara Desert both illustrate about past climate changes? Choose 2 answers. （ A） That some climate changes benefitted the development of civilization （ B） That some climate changes were not caused by human activity （ C） That some climate changes were caused by a decrease o
37、f moisture in the atmosphere （ D） That some climate changes were caused by changes in Earths motion and position 32 What started the runaway effect that led to the Sahara area of North Africa becoming a desert? （ A） The prevailing winds became stronger. （ B） The seasonal rains moved to a different a
38、rea. （ C） The vegetation started to die off in large areas. （ D） The soil lost its ability to retain rainwater. 33 The professor mentions a theory that people migrating from the Sahara were important to the development of the Egyptian civilization. Which sentence best describes the professors attitu
39、de toward this theory? （ A） It is exciting because it perfectly explains recent archaeological discoveries. （ B） It is problematic because it goes too far beyond the generally available data. （ C） It raises an interesting possibility and he hopes to see more evidence for it. （ D） It cannot be taken
40、seriously until it explains how the migrants got to Egypt. 34 Listen to Track 52. （ A） To correct a misstatement he made about the Saharas climate （ B） To suggest that the current dryness of the Sahara is exaggerated （ C） To indicate that scientists are not in agreement about the Saharas past climat
41、e （ D） To emphasize the difference between the current and past climates of the Sahara 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English. There are three passages in the section. Give yourself 20 minutes to read each passage and
42、 answer the questions about it. The entire section will take 60 minutes to complete. You may look back at a passage when answering the questions. You can skip questions and go back to them later as long as there is time remaining. Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions. Give yoursel
43、f 20 minutes to complete this practice set. POPULATION AND CLIMATE The human population on Earth has grown to the point that it is having an effect on Earths atmosphere and ecosystems. Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, urbanization, cultivation of rice and cattle, and the manufacture of chloro
44、fluorocarbons(CFCs)for propellants and refrigerants are increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, dust, and CFCs in the atmosphere. About 70 percent of the Suns energy passes through the atmosphere and strikes Earths surface. This radiation heats the s
45、urface of the land and ocean, and these surfaces then reradiate infrared radiation back into space. This allows Earth to avoid heating up too much. However, not all of the infrared radiation makes it into space; some is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and is reradiated back to Earths surface. A
46、greenhouse gas is one that absorbs infrared radiation and then reradiates some of this radiation back to Earth. Carbon dioxide, CFCs, methane, and nitrogen oxides are greenhouse gases. The natural greenhouse effect of our atmosphere is well established. In fact, without greenhouse gases in the atmos
47、phere, scientists calculate that Earth would be about 33C cooler than it currently is. The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 360 parts per million. Human activities are having a major influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, which are rising so fast th
48、at current predictions are that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide will double in the next 50 to 100 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)report in 1992, which represents a consensus of most atmospheric scientists, predicts that a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrati
49、on would raise global temperatures anywhere between 1.4C and 4.5C. The IPCC report issued in 2001 raised the temperature prediction almost twofold. The suggested rise in temperature is greater than the changes that occurred in the past between ice ages. The increase in temperatures would not be uniform, with the smallest changes at the equator and changes two or three times as great at the poles. The local effects of these global changes are difficult to predict, but it is generally agreed that they may include alterations in ocean currents, increased winter flooding in so
