1、托福模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 0 This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.Listen to each conversation and lecture only one time. After each conversation and lecture, you will answer some questions about it. Answer each question based on what is stated or implied by the
2、 speakers.You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.In some questions you will see this icon: . This means that you will hear, but not see, the question.Answer each question before moving on. Do not return to previous quest
3、ions.It will take about 60 minutes to listen to the conversations and lectures and answer the questions about them.Directions: Listen to Track 22. Directions: Now answer the questions. 1 What do the speakers mainly discuss? （ A） Why the woman has little in common with her roommates （ B） How the woma
4、n can keep up in her academic studies （ C） The womans adjustment to life at the university （ D） The womans decision to transfer to another university 2 Why does the woman mention her hometown? （ A） To draw a contrast to her current situation （ B） To acknowledge that she is accustomed to living in bi
5、g cities （ C） To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long time （ D） To emphasize her previous success in academic studies 3 What does the woman imply about the incident that occurred in her sociology class? （ A） She was embarrassed because she gave an incorrect answer. （ B） She w
6、as upset because the professor seemed to ignore her. （ C） She was confused by the organization of the professors lecture. （ D） She was surprised by the comments of the other students. 4 According to the counselor, why should the woman visit her professors office? Choose 2 answers. （ A） To offer a co
7、mpliment （ B） To offer to help other students （ C） To introduce herself （ D） To suggest ways of making the class more personal 5 What does the woman imply about joining the string quartet? （ A） It would enable her to continue a hobby she gave up when she was ten. （ B） It would allow her to spend mor
8、e time in her major area of study. （ C） It would help her stop worrying about her academic studies. （ D） It would be a way to meet students with similar interests. 5 Sociology 6 What is the main purpose of the lecture? （ A） To introduce a method that can help students remember new information （ B） T
9、o introduce a way to study how information passes from one person to another （ C） To explain the differences between biological information and cultural information （ D） To explain the differences between stories, songs, and other pieces of information 7 Why does the professor tell the story about a
10、lligators? （ A） To explain the difference between true and false stories （ B） To draw an analogy between alligator reproduction and cultural transmission （ C） To give an example of a piece of information that functions as a meme （ D） To show how a story can gradually change into a song 8 According t
11、o the professor, which of the following are examples of meme transfer? Choose 2 answers. （ A） Telling familiar stories （ B） Sharing feelings （ C） Composing original music （ D） Learning a scientific theory 9 What example does the professor give of a memes longevity? （ A） A story has been changing sin
12、ce it first appeared in the 1930s. （ B） A person remembers a story for many years. （ C） A gene is passed on through many generations without changing. （ D） A song quickly becomes popular all over the world. 10 What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs? （ A） A child learning many
13、 different ideas from his or her parents （ B） Alligators reproducing in New York sewers （ C） Different people remembering different versions of a story （ D） A person singing the “Twinkle, twinkle“ song many times 11 Listen to Track 24. （ A） To explain why some memes do not change much （ B） To ask th
14、e students for their opinion about songs as memes （ C） To acknowledge a problem with the meme theory （ D） To ask the students to test an idea about memes 11 Note: The actual lecture contains color images. The colors from one image are discussed by the professor. You do not need to see the colors to
15、understand the lecture or to answer the questions.Directions: Listen to Track 25. Astronomy 12 What is the main purpose of the lecture? （ A） To explain why scientists disagree about the age of the Moon （ B） To present arguments in favor of another Moon landing （ C） To explain how scientists discover
16、ed a crater on the far side of the Moon （ D） To review some findings of a recent mission to the Moon 13 What does the professor imply about the spacecraft Clementine? （ A） It sent back the first color photographs of the Moon. （ B） It was powered by solar energy. （ C） It landed on the far side of the
17、 Moon. （ D） It flew over the Moons polar regions. 14 Why does the professor mention the Moons mantle? （ A） To explain how scientists are able to estimate the age of meteor impacts （ B） To indicate what part of the Moon could provide key evidence about the Moons composition （ C） To explain how scient
18、ists know that meteors penetrate the Moons crust （ D） To point out an obvious difference between the Moon and Earth 15 Why is the South Pole-Aitken Basin thought to be exceptionally old? （ A） The walls of the Basin are more reflective than those of most other craters. （ B） Testing of rocks from the
19、Basins floor proved them to be as old as the Moon itself. （ C） Many small craters have been detected at the bottom of the Basin. （ D） A large amount of dust has been detected in and around the Basin. 16 Why does the professor consider it important to find out if water ice exists on the Moon? Choose
20、2 answers. （ A） Water ice could be processed to provide breathable air for astronauts. （ B） One component of water ice could be used as a fuel for rockets. （ C） Water ice could contain evidence of primitive life on the Moon. （ D） Water ice could be tested to find out what type of meteors crashed int
21、o the Moon. 17 Listen to Track 26. （ A） It is likely that the current age estimates for the South Pole-Aitken Basin are based on incorrect assumptions. （ B） It is disappointing how little the technology to analyze Moon rocks has advanced since the days of the Moon landings. （ C） Too few of the origi
22、nal Moon-rock samples were dated accurately. （ D） It is important to obtain a more precise determination of the Moons age. 17 18 What is the conversation mainly about? （ A） An assignment about which the student would like advice （ B） Concerns as to whether the student should be in the professors cou
23、rse （ C） The selection of films to be viewed by students in a film theory course （ D） The structure and sequence of courses in the Film Department 19 What is the professors attitude toward the students high school film course? （ A） He does not consider it satisfactory preparation for the class he te
24、aches. （ B） He does not think that literary works should be discussed in film classes. （ C） He believes that this type of course often confuses inexperienced students. （ D） He feels that the approach taken in this course is the best way to learn about film. 20 Why was the student permitted to sign u
25、p for the professors film theory course? （ A） Her high school course fulfilled the requirement for previous course work. （ B） The computer system that usually blocks students was not working properly. （ C） An employee in the department did not follow instructions. （ D） The professor made an exceptio
26、n in her case. 21 Why does the professor decide to allow the student to remain in his class? Choose 2 answers. （ A） She needs to take the course in order to graduate. （ B） He is impressed with her eagerness to continue. （ C） She convinces him that she does have adequate preparation for the course. （
27、 D） He learns that she is not studying film as her main course of study. 22 What does the professor advise the student to do in order to keep up with the class she is in? （ A） Take the introductory course （ B） Watch some video recordings （ C） Do extra reading （ D） Drop out of her marketing class 22
28、Chemistry 23 What is the main purpose of the lecture? （ A） To discuss recent innovations in laboratory equipment （ B） To give an example of a practical use for a particular scientific technique （ C） To familiarize students with the chemical composition of paint pigments （ D） To show how researchers
29、were able to restore a particular work of art 24 What does the professor imply when he mentions an art historian? （ A） Art historians have been learning how to use spectroscopes. （ B） Scientists need to learn how art historians analyze paintings. （ C） Confirming the authenticity of artworks requires
30、 collaboration. （ D） Spectroscopic analysis can help identify a painters techniques. 25 Why does the professor discuss the presence of zinc in paint pigments? （ A） To explain why some paints may deteriorate over the course of time （ B） To stress the need for caution when attempting to restore old ar
31、tworks （ C） To show how pigments differ from varnishes and binding agents （ D） To show how spectroscopy can help establish the age of a painting 26 According to the professor, what is the primary advantage of spectroscopy over other laboratory methods for analyzing artworks? （ A） It does not damage
32、the artworks. （ B） It provides a more accurate analysis than other methods do. （ C） It uses equipment that can be transferred to other locations. （ D） It can be used by individuals with little scientific training. 27 What is one way the professor mentions that chemists can help with art restoration?
33、 （ A） By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras （ B） By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time （ C） By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings （ D） By developing ways to safely remove paint added
34、 by previous restorers 28 Listen to Track 29. （ A） He is searching for a synonym for the term. （ B） He is not sure how much information the students need. （ C） He is going to briefly address a related topic. （ D） He is giving the students a writing assignment. 28 Literature 29 What is the lecture ma
35、inly about? （ A） Oral traditions in folktales and fairy tales （ B） Common characters and plots in folktales and fairy tales （ C） Differences between folktales and fairy tales （ D） Hidden meanings in folktales and fairy tales 30 What does the professor mean when he says that folktales are communal? （
36、 A） They vary little from one community to another. （ B） They serve to strengthen ties among individuals within a community. （ C） They relate important events in the history of a community. （ D） They can be adapted to meet the needs of a community. 31 Why does the professor clarify the concept of a
37、“fairy“? （ A） To explain the origins of the term “fairy tale“ （ B） To eliminate a possible definition of the term “fairy tale“ （ C） To support a claim about the function of fairy tales （ D） To indicate that fairies are a major element in fairy tales 32 What does the professor say about the setting o
38、f fairy tales? （ A） The tales are usually set in a nonspecific location. （ B） The location is determined by the country of origin of a tale. （ C） The tales are set in a location familiar to the author. （ D） A storyteller varies the location of a tale depending on the audience. 33 In the lecture, the
39、 professor discusses characteristics of folktales and fairy tales. Indicate the characteristics of each type of tale. Put a check in the correct boxes. 34 Listen to Track 31. （ A） To support the students statement （ B） To ask the student to clarify her statement （ C） To find out if the students know
40、 what story the line comes from （ D） To clarify the relationship between time and space in fairy tales 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English. There are three passages in the section. Give yourself 20 minutes to read
41、each passage and answer the questions about it. The entire section will take 60 minutes to complete. You may look back at a passage when answering the questions. You can skip questions and go back to them later as long as there is time remaining. Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questio
42、ns. Give yourself 20 minutes to complete this practice set. POWERING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION In Britain one of the most dramatic changes of the Industrial Revolution was the harnessing of power. Until the reign of George III(1760-1820), available sources of power for work and travel had not increa
43、sed since the Middle Ages. There were three sources of power: animal or human muscles; the wind, operating on sail or windmill; and running water. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran gra
44、in mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks, whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore, even the most reliable waterpower varied with the sea
45、sons and disappeared in a drought. The new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of both movable and constant power. The source had long been known but not exploited. Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cyli
46、nder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. This “atmospheric engine,“ invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel tha
47、t it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam, so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocatin
48、g(back and forth)motion into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a steam engine of a thousand uses. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward, thereby increasing the speed of the engine an
49、d cutting its fuel consumption. Watts steam engine soon showed what it could do. It liberated industry from dependence on running water. The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. The ready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even street
