1、托福模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 0 “Students on Campus“ 1 What are the students mainly discussing? （ A） Group sessions in the Office of Career Development （ B） The advantages of career counseling for the man （ C） The womans internship in the Office of Career Development （ D） How to find employment in the field of car
2、eer counseling 2 What is the mans problem? （ A） He does not have time to see an advisor. （ B） He does not have an internship yet. （ C） He does not know which career to choose. （ D） He does not have a job offer after graduation. 3 Why does the woman tell the man about her experience? （ A） To demonstr
3、ate the benefits of going to the Office of Career Development （ B） To encourage the man to talk with an advisor about an internship （ C） To suggest that he change his major from math to library science （ D） To give the man her opinion about his career decision 4 What is the womans attitude toward he
4、r internship? （ A） She would rather go to graduate school. （ B） She is looking forward to interning. （ C） She thinks that it is a very positive experience. （ D） She will be happy when she completes it. 5 What will the man probably do? （ A） He will make an appointment with his academic advisor. （ B）
5、He will go to the Office of Career Development. （ C） He will apply for a job at the library. （ D） He will ask the woman to help him with his tests. 5 “Sociology Class“ 6 What is the main topic of the lecture? （ A） The problems inherent in group decisions （ B） Ways that individuals become popular in
6、groups （ C） The influence of groups on individual behavior （ D） The differences in social influence across cultures 7 According to the professor, what two results were reported in the Asch and Abrams studies? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） A larger group exerts significantly more pressure than a sm
7、aller group. （ B） Subjects conformed to group opinion in more than one-third of the trials. （ C） When the subject knows the group socially, there is greater pressure to conform. （ D） A majority opinion has as much influence as a unanimous opinion. 8 Why does the professor say this: （ A） She regrette
8、d the result of the experiment. （ B） She knew that the students would not like the information. （ C） She needed to correct what she had said in a previous statement. （ D） She neglected to mention important facts. 9 What generally happens after a group makes a decision? （ A） Some group members regret
9、 their decision. （ B） At least one group member presents a new idea. （ C） As a whole, the group is even more united in its judgment. （ D） The popular group members compete for leadership. 10 Based on information in the lecture, indicate whether the statements describe the Asch study. For each senten
10、ce, click in the Yes or No column. 11 What is the professors attitude about the studies on social influence? （ A） She seems surprised by the results. （ B） She appears to be very interested in them. （ C） She needs more information about them. （ D） She doubts that there is practical application. 11 “A
11、rt History Class“ 12 What is the main topic of this lecture? （ A） The process of fixing a photograph （ B） The problem of exposure time （ C） The experiments by Louis Daguerre （ D） The history of early photography 13 According to the professor, what two limitations were noted in Daguerres process for
12、developing and fixing latent imageS? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） The photograph disappeared after a few minutes. （ B） The images were very delicate and easily fell apart. （ C） Multiple images could not be made from the plate. （ D） The exposure time was still several hours long. 14 Why does the p
13、rofessor say this: （ A） He is trying to generate interest in the topic. （ B） He makes reference to a story in the textbook. （ C） He is not sure whether the information is accurate. （ D） He wants the students to use their imaginations. 15 What substance was first used to fix the images? （ A） Copper p
14、owder （ B） Table salt （ C） Mercury vapor （ D） Hot water 16 What can we assume about photographers in the 1800s? （ A） Most of them had originally been painters before they became interested in photography. （ B） Portrait photographers were in the highest demand since people wanted images of their fami
15、lies. （ C） There were only a few photographers who were willing to work in such a new profession. （ D） Some of them must have experienced health problems as a result of their laboratory work. 17 In what order does the professor explain photographic principles? （ A） From the least to the most importa
16、nt facts （ B） In a chronological sequence of events （ C） The order of the steps in the photographic process （ D） The advantages before the disadvantages 17 “Admissions Office“ 18 Why does the student go to the admissions office? （ A） He is applying for financial aid. （ B） He is requesting an officia
17、l transcript. （ C） He is transferring to another college. （ D） He is trying to enroll in classes. 19 What is missing from the students file? （ A） A financial aid application （ B） A transcript from County Community College （ C） Grades from Regional College （ D） An official copy of the application 20
18、Why does the woman say this: （ A） She is asking the man to finish explaining the situation. （ B） She is confirming that she understands the problem. （ C） She is expressing impatience with the mans explanation. （ D） She is trying to comprehend a difficult question. 21 What does the woman suggest that
19、 the man do? （ A） Make a copy of his transcripts for his personal file （ B） Complete all of the admissions forms as soon as possible （ C） Change his provisional status to regular status before registering （ D） Continue to request an official transcript from County Community College 22 What will the
20、student most probably do now? （ A） Return later in the day to see the woman in the admissions office （ B） Go to the office for transfer students to be assigned an advisor （ C） Enter information in the computer to complete the application process （ D） See the womans superior to get a provisional admi
21、ssion to State University 22 “Anthropology Class“ 23 What is the main purpose of this lecture? （ A） To discuss three types of authority （ B） To distinguish between power and authority （ C） To examine alternatives to Webers model （ D） To argue in favor of a legal rational system 24 Why does the profe
22、ssor mention Kennedy and Reagan? （ A） They were founders of political movements. （ B） They were examples of charismatic leaders. （ C） They were attorneys who led by the law. （ D） They had contrasting types of authority. 25 According to the professor, what two factors are associated with charismatic
23、authority? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） Sacred customs （ B） An attractive leader （ C） A social cause （ D） Legal elections 26 Why does the professor say this: （ A） She is asking the students to answer a question. （ B） She is introducing the topic of the lecture. （ C） She is expressing an opinion a
24、bout the subject. （ D） She is reminding students of a previous point. 27 In an evolutionary model, how is rational legal authority viewed? （ A） The most modern form of authority （ B） A common type of authority in the industrial age （ C） Authority used by traditional leaders （ D） A replacement for th
25、e three ideal types of authority 28 What does the professor imply about the three types of authority? （ A） There is only one legitimate type of authority in modern societies. （ B） Sociologists do not agree about the development of the types of authority. （ C） Societies tend to select and retain one
26、type of authority indefinitely. （ D） Webers model explains why the social structure rejects power over time. 28 “Library“ 29 What does the man need from the librarian? （ A） A DVD player （ B） Material for a class （ C） Research by Dr. Parsons （ D） His student ID 30 What is the mans problem? （ A） He ha
27、s to study for an important exam. （ B） He needs to prepare for a class discussion. （ C） He owes a fine at the library. （ D） He does not own a DVD player. 31 What does the man feel when he says this: （ A） Amused （ B） Worried （ C） Confused （ D） Interested 32 What is the policy for materials on reserve
28、? （ A） The materials cannot leave the library without exception. （ B） There is a ten-dollar fine for each hour the materials are late. （ C） Students must show the professors signature to use the materials. （ D） Materials may be checked out overnight two hours before closing. 33 What does the librari
29、an imply when she tells the man to return at nine oclock? （ A） She will see the man after work. （ B） The library probably closes at eleven. （ C） She is too busy to help the man now. （ D） Her supervisor will be there at that time. 33 “Literature Class“ 34 What does this lecturer mainly discuss? （ A）
30、Transcendentalism （ B） Puritanism （ C） Ralph Waldo Emerson （ D） Nature 35 Why does the professor say this: （ A） She is joking with the students. （ B） She is drawing a conclusion. （ C） She is correcting the students behavior. （ D） She is reasoning aloud. 36 According to the professor, what was true a
31、bout the Puritans? （ A） They stressed the essential importance of the individual. （ B） They supported the ideals of the Transcendental Club. （ C） They believed that society should be respected above persons. （ D） They thought that people should live in communes like Brook Farm. 37 Why did the church
32、 oppose the Transcendental movement? （ A） The authority of the church would be challenged by a code of personal ethics. （ B） The leaders of the Transcendentalists were not as well educated as the clergy. （ C） Church members were competing with Transcendentalists for teaching positions. （ D） Professo
33、rs at Harvard College convinced the church to support their position. 38 Why did the professor mention Walden? （ A） It is probably well-known to many of the students in the class. （ B） It is considered an excellent example of Transcendental literature. （ C） It is required reading for the course that
34、 She is teaching. （ D） It is her personal favorite of nineteenth-century essays. 39 According to the professor, what was the most lasting contribution of Transcendentalism? （ A） Educational reorganization （ B） Religious reformation （ C） Experimental communities （ D） Political changes 39 “General Sci
35、ence Class“ 40 What is this discussion mainly about? （ A） A model of the universe （ B） Interpretations of facts （ C） definition of a hypothesis （ D） The scientific method 41 Why did the professor give the example of the ancient Egyptians? （ A） To explain the rotation of the Earth and the Sun （ B） To
36、 prove that facts may be interpreted differently （ C） To present a fact that can be verified by the students （ D） To discard a model that was widely accepted 42 Why did the professor say this: （ A） He is asking whether students need repetition. （ B） He is beginning a review of the process. （ C） He i
37、s complaining because students dont understand. （ D） He is making a suggestion before he proceeds. 43 According to the professor, what did Kepler do to verify his theory of planetary motion? （ A） He made predictions based on the model. （ B） He asked other scientists to make predictions. （ C） He used
38、 prior observations to test the model. （ D） He relied on insight to verify the theory. 44 What can be concluded from information in this discussion? （ A） A model does not always reflect observations. （ B） A model is not subject to change like a theory is. （ C） A model is considered true without doub
39、t. （ D） A model does not require further experimentation. 45 What technique does the professor use to explain the practical application of the scientific method? （ A） A summary （ B） An example （ C） A prediction （ D） A formula 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 45 Global Developments Sociologis
40、ts tell us there is a link between private lives and social forces. An outstanding example of such a link is the contrast in life chances between people in developed and in less developed countries. A child born in, say, the United States or Switzerland is not a better or more deserving person than
41、one born in Ethiopia or Brazil. Yet because of social forces beyond individual control, each child faces the prospect of living out a lifetime under utterly different material conditions. Why should this be? What can account for the fact that some societies have become heavily industrialized and eco
42、nomically advanced, while others are changing so much more slowly? Social scientists have offered two different explanations. One emphasizes a universal but uneven process of modernization and economic growth; the other focuses on a worldwide system of political and economic inequality. Some social
43、scientists view development in terms of modernization, a process of economic, social and cultural change that facilitates the transition from pre-industrial to industrial society. Modernization theorists claim that the various countries of the world are converging on a basically similar social type,
44、 the modern industrialized society. Some 250 years ago, the developed countries of today also had rudimentary, pre-industrial economies, but because they modernized relatively quickly, they now have productive economies that offer high living standards. During the same period, however, the poor coun
45、tries have been slow to modernize. Differences in development, therefore, are largely the result of uneven modernization; but as “modern“ features spread from the developed to the less developed countries, they too will follow the path to industrialization and affluence. What kinds of change does mo
46、dernization entail? Some modernization theorists emphasize a change in individual psychology. They claim that people in the developed societies are more likely to have a work ethic, a desire for achievement, a willingness to defer gratification, a sense of control over their destiny, a strong sense
47、of individualism. In contrast, a lack of ambition, an orientation toward the present, a fatalistic outlook, and a weak sense of individualism are said to be typical of people in more traditional societies. (A) Other modernization theorists emphasize sweeping structural changes in society. (B) Tradit
48、ional societies are more likely to have an extended family system, in which kinship obligations encourage people to remain, physically and socially, where they started. (C) Similarly, modernization involves such features as heavy urbanization, extensive schooling, advanced technology, low population
49、 growth, a legal-rational political system, and a range of sophisticated services such as efficient transport, banking and communications. (D) On the whole, these features are lacking or inadequate in less developed countries, where government is usually authoritarian, the population is predominately rural and ill educated, and the necessary services are not in place. Other social scientists view development in the context of the world system, a network of unequal economical and political relationships among the developed and the less developed cou
