1、托福模拟试卷 50及答案与解析 0 This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.Listen to each conversation and lecture only one time. After each conversation and lecture, you will answer some questions about it. Answer each question based on what is stated or implied by the
2、 speakers.You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.In some questions you will see this icon: . This means that you will hear, but not see, the question.Answer each question before moving on. Do not return to previous quest
3、ions.It will take about 60 minutes to listen to the conversations and lectures and answer the questions about them. 1 Why does the man need the womans assistance? Choose 2 answers. （ A） He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs. （ B） He does not know the location of the librarys
4、 video collection of plays. （ C） He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed. （ D） He does not know how to determine which newspapers he should look at. 2 What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers? （ A） Negative critical reaction l
5、ed to its content being revised after it premiered. （ B） The play has always been quite popular among university students. （ C） Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past. （ D） The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it. 3 What does the
6、 woman say about her experience seeing a performance of Happy Strangers when she was younger? Choose 2 answers. （ A） It was the first play she had seen performed professionally. （ B） She saw it against the wishes of her parents. （ C） She was surprised at how traditional the performance was. （ D） She
7、 had a variety of emotional reactions to the play. 4 What is the mans attitude toward his current assignment? （ A） He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs. （ B） He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one. （ C） He thinks his review of the play will be more
8、 objective than the contemporary reviews were. （ D） He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he is researching. 5 Listen to Track 2. （ A） To ask the man to clarify his request （ B） To state the mans request more precisely （ C） To make sure that she heard the man correctly （ D） To c
9、orrect a mistake the man has made 5 Biology 6 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） Methods of observing unusual animal behavior （ B） A theory about ways birds attract mates （ C） Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives （ D） Criteria for classifying animal behaviors 7 Indicate whether
10、each of the activities below describes a displacement activity. Put a check()in the correct boxes.8 What does the professor say about disinhibition? （ A） It can prevent displacement activities from occurring. （ B） It can cause animals to act on more than one drive at a time. （ C） It is not useful fo
11、r explaining many types of displacement activities. （ D） It is responsible for the appearance of seemingly irrelevant behavior. 9 According to the lecture, what is one possible reason that displacement activities are often grooming behaviors? （ A） Grooming may cause an enemy or predator to be confus
12、ed. （ B） Grooming is a convenient and accessible behavior. （ C） Grooming often occurs before eating and drinking. （ D） Grooming is a common social activity. 10 Why does the professor mention the wood thrush? （ A） To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animal species （ B） To expl
13、ain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming （ C） To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment （ D） To give an example of an animal that does not display displacement activities 11 Listen to Track 4. （ A） She is impressed by how much the stu
14、dent knows about redirecting. （ B） She thinks it is time to move on to the next part of this lecture. （ C） The students answer is not an example of a displacement activity. （ D） The student should suggest a different animal behavior to discuss next. 11 Literature 12 What is the main purpose of the l
15、ecture? （ A） To point out similarities in Emersons essays and poems （ B） To prepare the students to read an essay by Emerson （ C） To compare Emersons concept of universal truth to that of other authors （ D） To show the influence of early United States society on Emersons writing 13 On what basis did
16、 Emerson criticize the people of his time? （ A） They refused to recognize universal truths. （ B） They did not recognize the genius of certain authors. （ C） Their convictions were not well-defined. （ D） They were too interested in conformity. 14 What does Emerson say about the past? （ A） It should gu
17、ide a persons present actions. （ B） It must be examined closely. （ C） It is less important than the future. （ D） It lacks both clarity and universal truth. 15 What point does the professor make when he mentions a ships path? （ A） It is easy for people to lose sight of their true path. （ B） Most peop
18、le are not capable of deciding which path is best for them. （ C） The path a person takes can only be seen clearly after the destination has been reached. （ D） A person should establish a goal before deciding which path to take. 16 What does the professor imply about himself when he recounts some lif
19、e experiences he had before becoming a literature professor? Choose 2 answers. （ A） He did not consider the consequences of his decisions. （ B） He did not plan to become a literature professor. （ C） He has always tried to act consistently. （ D） He has trusted in himself and his decisions. 17 Listen
20、to Track 6. （ A） To suggest that United States citizens have not changed much over time （ B） To encourage the class to find more information about this time period （ C） To explain why Emersons essay has lost some relevance （ D） To provide background for the concept he is explaining 17 18 What is the
21、 conversation mainly about? （ A） Methods for finding appropriate sources for a project （ B） Reasons the woman is having difficulties with a project （ C） Criteria the professor uses to evaluate group projects （ D） Ways to develop the skills needed to work in groups 19 Why does the professor mention t
22、he “free-rider“ problem? （ A） To review a concept he explained in class （ B） To give the student a plan to solve her problem （ C） To clarify the problem the student is facing （ D） To explain a benefit of working in groups 20 What is the professors opinion of the other students in the womans group? （
23、 A） They try to take credit for work they did not do. （ B） They did not perform well in previous courses with him. （ C） They are more motivated when they are working in a group. （ D） They do good work when they are interested in the subject. 21 Why did the woman choose property rights as a topic? （
24、A） The professor recommended the topic. （ B） She already had a lot of reference materials on the subject. （ C） She wanted to learn something new. （ D） It was easy to research at the school library. 22 What mistakes does the professor imply the woman has made while working on a project? Choose 2 answ
25、ers. （ A） Finding sources for her group partners （ B） Writing the weekly progress reports for her group （ C） Forgetting to pay attention to the projects deadlines （ D） Failing to involve the group members in the selection of a topic 22 Geology 23 What does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） His plan
26、s for research involving moving rocks （ B） A difference between two geological forces that cause rocks to move （ C） Theories about why desert rocks move （ D） Reasons why geologists should study moving rocks 24 According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on? （ A） The rocks cannot mov
27、e after ice storms. （ B） The rocks do not move at night. （ C） The rocks never move in circles. （ D） The rocks are not moved by people. 25 The professor mentions an experiment done five to ten years ago on the wind speed necessary to move rocks. What opinion does the professor express about the exper
28、iment? （ A） The researchers reached the correct conclusion despite some miscalculations. （ B） The researchers should have chosen a different location for their experiment. （ C） The experiment should have been conducted on wetter ground. （ D） The experiment was not continued long enough to achieve cl
29、ear results. 26 What important point does the professor make about the area where the rocks are found? （ A） It has been the site of Earths highest wind speeds. （ B） It is subject to laws that restrict experimentation. （ C） It is accessible to heavy machinery. （ D） It is not subject to significant ch
30、anges in temperature. 27 What is the professors purpose in telling the students about moving rocks? （ A） To teach a lesson about the structure of solid matter （ B） To share a recent advance in geology （ C） To give an example of how ice can move rocks （ D） To show how geologists need to combine infor
31、mation from several fields 28 Listen to Track 9. （ A） The movement pattern of the rocks was misreported by researchers. （ B） The rocks are probably being moved by people. （ C） The movement pattern of the rocks does not support the wind theory. （ D） There must be differences in the rocks composition.
32、 28 United States Government 29 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） Reasons the United States government should not support the arts （ B） The history of government support for the arts in the United States （ C） Strengths and weaknesses of different government-sponsored arts programs （ D） Diffe
33、rent ways in which governments can help support artists 30 According to the discussion, in what two ways was the Federal Art Project successful? Choose 2 answers. （ A） It established standards for art schools. （ B） It provided jobs for many artists. （ C） It produced many excellent artists. （ D） It g
34、ave many people greater access to the arts. 31 The class discusses some important events related to government support for the arts in the United States. Put the events in order from earliest to latest. Write your answer choices in the spaces where they belong. You can either write the letter of you
35、r answer choice or you can copy the sentence. The first one is done for you. Answer Choices （ A） Arts councils were established in all 50 states of the country. （ B） The federal budget supporting the arts was reduced by half. （ C） The Federal Art Project helped reduce unemployment. （ D） The National
36、 Endowment for the Arts was established. 32 Why does the professor mention the Kennedy Center and Lincoln Center? （ A） To give examples of institutions that benefit from corporate support （ B） To illustrate why some artists oppose the building of cultural centers （ C） To show how two centers were na
37、med after presidents who supported the arts （ D） To name two art centers built by the government during the Depression 33 What does the professor say about artists opinions of government support for the arts? （ A） Most artists believe that the government should provide more funding for the arts. （ B
38、） Most artists approve of the ways in which the government supports the arts. （ C） Even artists do not agree on whether the government should support the arts. （ D） Even artists have a low opinion of government support for the arts. 34 Listen to Track 11. （ A） Other students should comment on the ma
39、ns remark. （ B） Most people would agree with the mans opinion. （ C） Artwork funded by the government is usually of excellent quality. （ D） The government project was not a waste of money. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages i
40、n English. There are three passages in the section. Give yourself 20 minutes to read each passage and answer the questions about it. The entire section will take 60 minutes to complete. You may look back at a passage when answering the questions. You can skip questions and go back to them later as l
41、ong as there is time remaining. Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions. Give yourself 20 minutes to complete this practice set. MINERALS AND PLANTS Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these mine
42、rals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpent
43、ine soils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil. Mineral deficiencies can oft
44、en be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis(loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis(isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation(development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.
45、 Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender; and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants a
46、re often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves. Much of the r
47、esearch on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydro-ponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has application
48、s beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil. While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of
49、 plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth. Saline soils, which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts, limit plant growth, and research continues to focus on developing salt-tolerant varieties of agricultural crops. Research has focused on the toxic effects of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and aluminum; however, even copper and zinc, which are essential elements, can become toxic in high concentrations. Although most plants cannot survive in these soils, certain plants have the ability to tolera
