1、托福模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 0 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a marketing class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 1 In the lecture, the professor describes the utilities that are created by the two basic functions productions and marketing. Indicate which
2、of the following is by production and which is by marketing. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 2 Why does the professor cite GTE Airfone as an example? （ A） To illustrate how place utility is created. （ B） To illustrate how time utility is created. （ C） To illustrate how ownership utility is
3、 created. （ D） To illustrate how the above three utilities are created. 3 According to the professor, which of the following activities is not included in marketing? （ A） Analyzing customers needs. （ B） Securing necessary information. （ C） Designing and producing goods or services. （ D） Creating and
4、 maintaining relationships. 4 Why does the professor take Federal Express and Airborne Express as an example in his lecture? （ A） To display how form utility is created. （ B） To illustrate how time utility is created. （ C） To explain how place utility is created. （ D） To show how ownership utility i
5、s created. 5 What is the intended meaning of the professor when he says this? （ A） It is very hard to give a definition of marketing. （ B） The notion of marketing can be interpreted in different ways. （ C） Marketing is far more complex than people usually think it to be. （ D） People have different u
6、nderstandings of marketing. 6 Why does the professor say this? （ A） To express uncertainty about the previous statement. （ B） To end the discussion on the definition of marketing. （ C） To check the students understanding of marketing. （ D） To find out what the students prefer. 6 Narrator Listen to p
7、art of a conversation between a student and a professor. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 7 What is the purpose of the professors research on old people? （ A） To inform people of the aging process. （ B） To make people aware of the side effects of agin
8、g. （ C） To inform people of the discomfort with old age. （ D） To make people change their idea about old age. 8 According to the interview, which of the following is NOT included in the publics ideas about old people? （ A） The aged are normally strong mentally. （ B） The aged are normally weak physic
9、ally. （ C） The aged usually lack companions. （ D） The aged usually live in solitude. 9 What can we learn from the professors experiments? （ A） The old learn as fast as the young. （ B） The young take shorter time to learn. （ C） The old perform better than the young. （ D） The young perform better than
10、 the old. 10 What does the professor actually mean when he says this? （ A） The old are physically less healthy. （ B） The young are mentally stronger. （ C） The old are as strong as the young. （ D） The young are stronger mentally and physically. 11 What can be inferred from the professors remarks? （ A
11、） Physical illnesses come along with old age. （ B） Physical changes take place gradually. （ C） People suddenly become weak at 65. （ D） Illnesses occur mostly at the age of 65. 11 Narrator Listen to part of a discussion in an astronomy class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your no
12、tes to help you answer. 12 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） The evolution of interstellar gas clouds. （ B） The lifetime of stars. （ C） The quality of main-sequence stars. （ D） The formation of stars. 13 According to the professor, which of the following causes the evolution of a gas cloud i
13、nto a star? （ A） The internal gravity of the cloud. （ B） The thermal pressure of the cloud. （ C） The interplay between the above two factors. （ D） The lifetime of the gas cloud. 14 The professor mentions the energy that maintains the stars at a high temperature. Where does the energy come from? （ A）
14、 From the conversion of hydrogen to helium. （ B） From the internal gravity of the stars. （ C） From the conversion of helium to hydrogen. （ D） From the light emitted by other stars. 15 According to the professor, what is the relation between the mass and the lifetime of a star? Clink on 2 answers. （
15、A） The more massive, the longer-lived. （ B） The more massive, the shorter-lived. （ C） The less massive, the longer-lived. （ D） The less massive, the shorter-lived. 16 What can be inferred from the lecture? （ A） The theory of gravitational condensation is supported by observation. （ B） The theory of
16、gravitational condensation is disproved by observation. （ C） The theory of gravitational condensation is irrelevant to observation. （ D） Observation has modified the theory of gravitational condensation. 17 According to the lecture, how are the individual stars formed? （ A） They are formed in isolat
17、ion. （ B） They originate from the sun. （ C） They derive from gas clouds. （ D） They result from outer space energy. 17 Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a geography class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 18 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A）
18、 Global warming. （ B） Shoreline retreat. （ C） Rise in sea-level. （ D） Water intrusion. 19 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a direct effect of the rise in sea-level? （ A） Increase of rainfall. （ B） Salt water intrusion. （ C） Destruction of coastal structures. （ D） Shoreline shifts. 20 What
19、does “temporary flooding of coastal areas“ mean? （ A） The flooding caused by increased rainfall. （ B） The flooding caused by swamping of drainage system. （ C） The flooding caused by higher tides. （ D） The flooding caused by destruction of coastal structure. 21 What does the professor imply when she
20、says this? （ A） The parking lot will be right next to the water. （ B） The parking lot will not be as valuable as before. （ C） The parking lot will not exist any longer. （ D） The parking lot will be moved to a place far from the beach. 22 Why does the professor say this? （ A） To indicate that it is d
21、angerous to invest in the coastal cities. （ B） To explain why he says no to investment in real estate in this area. （ C） To express over his recalling of last weeks lecture on change. （ D） To indicate that radical changes will cause many complicated problems. 23 What does the word “Tracy“ most proba
22、bly refer to? （ A） The name of a metropolis. （ B） The name of a scientist who died in 1974. （ C） The name of a tropical cyclone. （ D） The name of one of the professors colleagues. 23 Narrator Listen to part of a talk in an anthropology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your n
23、otes to help you answer. 24 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） Culture shock. （ B） Ethnocentrism. （ C） Myths and folktales. （ D） Food preferences. 25 According to the professor, what does an ethnocentric person tend to believe? （ A） Culture shock is a good lesson for people from different cultures.
24、 （ B） People should prepare for the differences between cultures. （ C） Ones own culture is superior to all other different ones. （ D） Other ethnic groups have the same customs. 26 Why does the professor say that the term Inuit is more appropriate than Eskimo? （ A） It came into being earlier than Esk
25、imo. （ B） It sounds better than Eskimo. （ C） It is generated by Inuit people themselves, （ D） The term Eskimo is more ethnocentric. 27 According to the Cherokee Indians, who was first created by the Creator? （ A） The white. （ B） The brown. （ C） The red. （ D） The black. 28 According to the talk, whic
26、h of the following are true about food preferences? Clink on 3 answers. （ A） Ethnocentrism is most commonly present in food preferences. （ B） We tend to like food that is familiar to us and dislike food we do not know well. （ C） We find some foods of other cultures distasteful because our stomachs c
27、an not digest them. （ D） Sometimes delicious food can be disgusting when we know what it is. 29 What can be inferred about the professors attitude toward ethnocentrism? （ A） He is unfriendly. （ B） He is biased. （ C） He is admiring. （ D） He is tolerant. 29 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation be
28、tween two students. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 30 Where does the conversation most probably take place? （ A） In a student dorm. （ B） At a Student Union office. （ C） In a classroom. （ D） At a student club. 31 Which office helps overseas students
29、with their particular problems? （ A） Sports Club. （ B） Union Societies. （ C） Accommodation Office. （ D） Welfare Office. 32 What kind of sport is NOT mentioned in the conversation? （ A） Chess. （ B） Badminton. （ C） Basketball. （ D） Cycling. 33 Where can the student find his compatriots at the college?
30、 （ A） In training sessions. （ B） In a Filipino society. （ C） On a badminton court. （ D） In a basketball team. 34 Which of the following can be inferred when the man says this? （ A） There are other students waiting to put up their notices. （ B） The woman is rude and does not want to obey the rules. （
31、 C） The man is annoyed by the womans haughty tone. （ D） The procedure of putting up a notice is rather complicated. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 How MEMORY WORKS 1 Memory is the brains ability to store and retrieve information related to previous experiences Memory occurs in two stage
32、s: short-term and long term Short-term memory reflects an immediate sensory perception of an object or idea that occurs before the image is stored Short-term memory enables you to dial a telephone number after looking it up but without looking at the number directly If you call the number frequently
33、, it becomes stored in long-term memory and can be recalled several weeks after you originally looked it up Short-term memory and long-term memory can be thought of as memory structures, each varying as to how much information it can hold and for how long 2 Memory relies on the ability to process in
34、formation Information processing begins with the environmental stimuli that you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel These experiences are initially recorded in the brains sensory register, which holds information just long enough (one to three seconds) for you to decide whether to process it further I
35、nformation that you do not selectively attend to will disappear from the system However, if you recognize and attend to the information as meaningful or relevant, it is sent to short-term memory Short- term memory can hold approximately seven unrelated bits of information at a time 3 Short-term memo
36、ry is often called working memory because it holds information that you are working with at a given moment, but only for about 20 seconds Then, unless the information is processed further, it is quickly forgotten For example, if you were asked to dial an unfamiliar telephone number, received a busy
37、signal, and were then distracted by something else for 20 seconds, you probably would have forgotten the number at that point Unless information in short-term memory is processed further, it does not make it to long- term memory 4 Several control processes enable the transfer of information from sho
38、rt-term to long-term memory One such process is rehearsal, or “practice makes perfect.“ Rehearsal is when you repeat something to yourself over and over The purpose behind such behavior is usually to memorize information for later use, although sometimes it is simply to hold information in short-ter
39、m memory for immediate use For example, you may rehearse a telephone number by saying it aloud so you can redial it after getting a busy signal without having to look it up again in the phone book Another process that enables the transfer of information to long-term memory is the association of new
40、data with data previously learned and stored in long-term memory Thus, it is easier to learn a new card game if you already have “card sense“ from playing other games 5 For cognitive psychologists, long-term memory is the most interesting of the memory structures, and most believe that the storage c
41、apacity of long-term memory is unlimited and contains a permanent record of everything you have learned Long-term memory plays an influential role throughout the information processing system The interests, attitudes, skills, and knowledge of the world existing in your long-term memory influence wha
42、t you perceive and how you interpret your perceptions They also affect whether you process information for short-term or long-term storage 6 Long-term memory can hold recollections of personal experiences as well as factual knowledge acquired through other means such as reading It also holds skills
43、such as knowing how to ride a bicycle In its ability to learn and remember, the brain can distinguish between facts and skills When you acquire factual knowledge by memorizing dates, word definitions, formulas, and other information, you can consciously retrieve this fact memory from the data bank o
44、f your long-term memory In contrast, skill memory usually involves motor activities that you learn by repetition without consciously remembering specific information You perform learned motor skills, such as walking or riding a bicycle, without consciously recalling the individual steps required to
45、do these tasks. 35 According to the passage, what must happen before information can be stored in memory? （ A） The information must be pleasant. （ B） An object or idea must be perceived. （ C） An older memory must be replaced. （ D） The information must be looked up. 36 The passage states that one dif
46、ference between short-term memory and long-term memory is （ A） the type of information they store （ B） their importance in learning （ C） the amount of information they hold （ D） their location in the brain 37 The phrase attend to in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to （ A） reject （ B） focus on （ C）
47、 talk about （ D） wait for 38 It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that something is NOT likely to be remembered if it is （ A） not considered important （ B） painful or embarrassing （ C） related to previous experience （ D） sent to short-term memory 39 The passage states that information can be lost fro
48、m short-term memory when a person （ A） does not know how to read （ B） repeats the information over and over （ C） processes the information further （ D） is distracted for 20 seconds 40 The phrase make it to in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to （ A） disappear from （ B） arrive at （ C） respond to （ D
49、） seem like 41 Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （ A） Usually information is rehearsed so it can be used later, but sometimes it is rehearsed so it can be used right away. （ B） There are several reasons for memorizing information; the most common reason is to improve short-term memory. （ C） The belief that “practice makes perfect“ causes people to repeat cert
