1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 9及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain
2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e
3、ssay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today are less dependent on their parents than young people in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this
4、 task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, th
5、e organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends always ha
6、s a negative effect. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may tak
7、e notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question do
8、es not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the comple
9、teness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. The moa is an extinct flightless bird
10、 from New Zealand. There were about 20 species of moa. Depending on species, they ranged in height from 3 to 13 feet (0.9 to 4 m) and in weight from 30 to 520 pounds. It is said that moa had been driven to extinction before Europeans settled in New Zealand. However, a theory put forward recently sug
11、gests that moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand, with three reasons listed. First, a European child claimed to have seen moa and his father found a huge footprint on the sand, which was 28 centimeters long. It is very likely that such a long footprint was left by a moa beca
12、use they have large and broad feet. Second, smooth, deep marks were found on the bones of moa. It couldnt have been made by the Maori people because the Maori only use stone instruments, which would never have left such smooth, deep marks. The only possibility is that it was made by Europeans, who h
13、ad much sharper tools. Finally, a Maori site was recently excavated, and in addition to moa feathers, copper buttons brought by Europeans were also found. This would mean that moa and Europeans lived in New Zealand at the same time, indicating that the moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled
14、 in New Zealand. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions:
15、For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage.
16、 Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typical
17、ly, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Writ
18、e your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Because of its remote location, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly
19、visited by explorers, sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. However, the exact time that this country was first settled by humans remains controversial. One theory believed by many people suggests that the first humans settled in New Zealand in 1300 CE. The first supporting evidence provid
20、ed for this theory is the story of the Merit people. According to records, the Merit kept a tradition of recording their ancestors deeds in stories, and it was they who first settled in New Zealand. By calculating the years since the story came into being, it can be reckoned that it was in 1300 CE t
21、hat the first humans settled in New Zealand. Second, a piece of evidence found in pollen indicates that large areas of forest were replaced by grasslands in about 1300 CE, which indicates that in that period of time, there were human activities on a large scale. The forest might have been cut down t
22、o build houses, or it may have been burnt to cultivate land. Last, it can be reckoned from carbon dating that the first humans settled in New Zealand in 1300 CE. Archaeologists often use this method to estimate the age of discovered relics. The result is therefore very convincing, because carbon dat
23、ing has a strong scientific foundation. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 9答案与解析 Writing
24、Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Parents play an important role in their childrens lives, but the degree to which children should depend on their parents can be controversial. A few people I know try to do everything for their children so that the kids can devote all their time to their st
25、udies. However, most parents today encourage their children to be independent. While every family is a little different from each other, I believe that young people today are generally less dependent on their parents than young people in the past because they have access to the internet and can pay
26、for their own expenses. Young people today are more independent because they can easily access the internet. In the past, young people needed their parents to drive them to a mall or shopping center to go shopping, but now they can easily do all their shopping from the comfort of their own home. The
27、 internet has definitely made young people less dependent on their parents because they can do many things online without depending on their parents for transportation. Furthermore, if a young person has their own part-time job, they can also have their own spending money. Having their own spending
28、money allows them to do things without having to ask their parents for money. For example, if a student wants to go out to dinner with his friends, he no longer has to ask his parents for money and his parents wont question him about where they are going. Whats more, he can go to whichever restauran
29、t hed like because hes using his own money. Young people today with jobs have their own spending money, so they have more independence. Since students today can easily access the internet and make their own spending money, I believe that young people today are more independent financially than their
30、 peers in the past. 【试题解析】 孩子的成长和教育看似是一个比较大的社会问题，但当我们把它与自身相结合后，这个问题就简单多啦。我们常常在什么情况下会特别需要父母呢 ?大多是遇到麻烦需要帮助的时候和有困难需要经济援助的时候。然而，如果这些问题我们都能自己解决的话，就不会那么依赖爸妈了。 2 【正确答案】 Whether or not competition between friends always has a negative effect is an often debated topic. Some people may feel that friends may b
31、e different in many aspects. It could be over politics or religion, or even conflicts with regards to career or romance. I do not believe that this is the case. I believe that some competition between friends is both healthy and beneficial to the friendship, because such competition often inspires e
32、ach person to work harder in pursuit of their dreams, and it also brings friends closer when their ambitions are similar. First, competition between friends can be a powerful motivational force to make people work harder and improve their performance. The reason is that friendship with competitors t
33、ends to make each party work harder, because people are more aware of their performance and the quality of their work if there is some competition involved. For example, when my best friend and I tried to outperform each other with our university performance and experience, we motivated ourselves an
34、d worked very hard. But the competition was quite beneficial to both of us. Our overall GPA was higher than other people in the class, and our ability to handle tasks under great pressure had improved. Even though our competition was very intense, we never ended up fighting with each other afterward
35、. When our studies were finished, we were proud of our own experiences, and proud of each other. Furthermore, friends are prone to sharing many of the same goals and ambitions. A little competition for similar goals can give both more motivation for future success. Friends often want similar things
36、out of life, and that is one of the reasons that they become friends in the first place. When friends are both working hard for what they want, even if they want the same thing, they will learn a lot from each other. Years ago, two of my close friends applied for the same positions at several differ
37、ent companies. They knew they were sometimes competing for the same job, but by working together, they increased the scope of their job pools and strengthened their interview techniques. Eventually, both friends found lucrative jobs at two separate companies. It is often better to compete against a
38、friend for success than against a stranger. If two friends distrust each other, then they should not compete with each other, and in fact, probably will not remain friends. True friends should be able to stand the test of competing against each other sometimes, and gain a lot from the experience. 【试
39、题解析】 提到竞争，很多同学都会想到对手。朋友和对手这两个看似矛盾的话题真的不能共同存在吗 ?首先我们可以想一想，从小到大你会因为你的好朋友成绩比你好或某方面比你优秀就不理他了吗 ?相信很多同学的答案都是否定的。相反，你也许会下定决心要好好努力赶上他甚至超过他，或会虚心向他请教，努力学习。总之，在这样的竞争中你们不仅可以共同努力、共同进步，还可以打开心扉变得更加亲密。 Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 Moa are large, flightless birds that used to live in New Zealand.
40、They belong to the ratite group of birds, which also includes ostriches, emus and kiwi. Moa were hunted to extinction by Maori, who found them easy targets. Recently, a theory claiming that moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand has become popular. However, the reasons given
41、fail to support the theory. First, the footprint found by the childs father could possibly have been enlarged by the random movement of the sand. Sand is not like soil, which can hold prints for a long time. Sand movements caused by wind and water could easily have changed the patterns. Therefore, t
42、he footprint may have been left by other kinds of birds and enlarged to such a size after the fact. Second, though Maori people only used stone tools not as advanced as those used by Europeans, the stone instruments were sharp enough to cut bone. As long as the stone was made sharp in the end, it wo
43、uld have been easy for it to make smooth, deep marks like those found on the moa bones. Finally, the feathers found might have been a family treasure of the Maori people. They could have gotten the feather a long time ago and passed it from generation to generation. The copper buttons were most like
44、ly brought by Europeans much later. It is not logical to say that the feather and the copper buttons belonged to the same period of time just because they were hidden together. 3 【正确答案】 In the lecture the professor questions the readings assertion that the moa had not been extinct when Europeans set
45、tled in New Zealand. The lecture puts forth the idea that such an assertion is not entirely convincing. First, the reading mentions that a European child claimed to have seen moa and his father found a huge footprint, 28 centimeters long, on the sand. However, the professor suggests that the footpri
46、nt found by the childs father was possibly enlarged by random movement of the sand itself. Therefore, it may have been left by other kinds of birds besides the moa. Second, the reading cites evidence of smooth, deep marks found on the bones of moa, which were surely made by Europeans who had sharper
47、 tools. The professor disagrees, saying that the stone instruments used by the Maori were sharp enough to cut bone. Last, the reading says that in addition to moa feathers, copper buttons brought by Europeans were also found in the recently excavated Maori site. The professor rebuts this by saying t
48、hat the feather might have been a family treasure of the Maori people, and it would have been for this reason that it was hidden together with copper buttons. 【试题解析】 针对恐鸟的灭绝时间，阅读文章认为欧洲人定居新西兰时恐鸟尚未灭绝，并提出三条论据：欧洲儿童及其父亲分别见过恐鸟及其脚印；恐鸟骨头上有欧洲人做的标记；遗址中发现了恐鸟的羽毛和欧洲人的铜扣。而听力文章认为这三条论据都缺乏十足的说服力。 4 【听力原文】 New Zealan
49、d was one of the last major landmasses settled by humans. Today it enjoys a population of 4,468,200, the majority of which are Europeans. But it is not clear yet when the island was first settled by humans. Recently, a theory has been put forward by some historians suggesting that the first humans settled in New Zealand in 1300 CE. The theory is believed by many people, but it is not the truth. First, history is made up of the records of numerous peoples and these records are full of subjective things. It is not logical to say that Merit people first settled in Ne
