1、托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编 8及答案与解析 0 1 Why does the student go to see the professor? （ A） To get information about a class requirement （ B） To learn about possible internship opportunities （ C） To ask about an upcoming meeting of the psychology club （ D） To find out the process for changing his major field stud
2、y 2 What does the professor say about her experience as a student in the psychology club? （ A） It prepared her to better understand her future students. （ B） It helped her to see the connection between psychology and other fields of study. （ C） It helped her to obtain a summer internship. （ D） It he
3、lped her to narrow down her interest in psychology. 3 Why does the professor mention experts and novices? （ A） To describe the progression of classes for a psychology major （ B） To explain a case study that was not discussed in class （ C） To clarify the purpose of the research paper （ D） To point ou
4、t the flaws in a research paper 4 What point does the student make when he talks about an experiment concerning Newtons Laws of Motion? （ A） Experts begin problem solving by making use of broad principles. （ B） Experts tend to employ creative methods to recall details. （ C） Novices are sometimes bet
5、ter than experts at recognizing fundamental principles. （ D） Novices difficulty in solving equations affects their understanding of abstract concepts. 5 Listen again to part of the conversation, then answer the following question. Why does the student say this? （ A） To admit that experience has help
6、ed him more than he thought （ B） To confirm that he understands the professors point （ C） To politely express disagreement with the professor （ D） To point out a possible error in an experiment 5 6 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） Competing theories about the origin of the Moon （ B） The differ
7、ences between two recently analyzed Moon rocks （ C） The effect of Earths magnetic field on rock samples from the Moon （ D） Evidence of how some rocks on the Moon became magnetized 7 According to the dynamo theory, what two processes contribute to the creation of Earths magnetic field? Click on 2 ans
8、wers. （ A） Circulating molten iron in Earths core （ B） The Earths rotation （ C） An intense magnetic event at the time Earth formed （ D） The impact of meteorites on Earths surface 8 Why does the professor mention the Moons size? （ A） To explain why scientists believed the Moon could never have had a
9、molten core （ B） To explain why scientists believed the Moon and Earths core were formed through similar processes （ C） To explain how scientists determined the composition of the Moon （ D） To explain how scientists determined when the Moon was formed 9 Why does the professor discuss meteorites and
10、asteroids? （ A） To explain unusual geologic formations on some parts of the Moon （ B） To explain how the Moon could have generated a dynamo （ C） To explain how some scientists thought lunar rocks became magnetized （ D） To provide details of how the Moon was formed 10 What did scientists learn about
11、the Trocto? （ A） It was probably not formed through the solidification of molten iron. （ B） It was most likely magnetized by an impact with a large object. （ C） It is the youngest Moon rock collected to date. （ D） It had been in a magnetic environment for millions of years. 11 What is the professors
12、 opinion of the lunar dynamo theory? （ A） He thinks it contradicts a widely accepted hypothesis regarding the Moons origin. （ B） He believes there is enough evidence to justify further research. （ C） He believes it should be accepted by all scientists. （ D） He is concerned that it does not explain i
13、rregularities in some Moon rocks. 11 12 What is the main purpose of the lecture? （ A） To explain the origins and development of holism （ B） To explain the difference between holism and reductionism （ C） To illustrate patterns of animal behavior （ D） To explain why reductionism has replaced holism as
14、 a scientific method 13 According to the professor, what assumption might a reductionist make when analyzing ant colonies? （ A） Small ant colonies are more efficient than large ones. （ B） Individual ants know how much food the colony needs. （ C） Each ant colony as a single entity acts in its own int
15、erest. （ D） The colonys behavior can be understood by analyzing individual ants behavior. 14 What does the professor say about the way the ant communicates the location of food to one another? （ A） It is an example of a behavior that supports only the holistic approach. （ B） It is a behavior that sc
16、ientists have not observed in other insect species. （ C） It is an example of how reductionists predict group behavior. （ D） It is a type of behavior that reductionists tend to ignore. 15 What does the professor imply about collective intelligence? （ A） It is a phenomenon that occurs in few animal sp
17、ecies. （ B） It is a phenomenon that is well understood with regard to ant colonies. （ C） It is an important factor in the reductionist analysis of ant colonies. （ D） It is an important factor in ant survival. 16 What misconception about ants does the professor believe the students might have? （ A） T
18、he queen is the leader of the colony. （ B） The task performed by an ant does not vary during its lifetime. （ C） Ants must live in a colony to survive. （ D） Ants have no way to communicate with one another. 17 What ant behavior does the professor mention that supports the holistic approach? （ A） Ants
19、 switch from taking care of the nest to food-gathering. （ B） Ants work together to protect the queen. （ C） Ants from one colony find food in a different colony. （ D） Ants imitate the behavior of the leader in the colony. 17 18 Why does the student go to the theater? （ A） To find out which plays she
20、might be able to take her parents to see （ B） To ask if discounts are available for ticket packages （ C） To buy season tickets （ D） To buy tickets for a performance of Hamlet 19 What benefits of buying season tickets does the man mention? Click on 3 answers. （ A） An opportunity to the actors after t
21、he performance （ B） A discount on refreshments purchased at the theater （ C） A price discount on every show （ D） Seats with the best view of the stage （ E） A chance to buy extra tickets before they are on sale to the public 20 What does the man imply about the play Hamlet? （ A） Tickets for it are mo
22、re expensive than tickets for other plays. （ B） Tickets to see it are likely to sell out quickly. （ C） It will be performed on weekends only. （ D） It has never been performed at the theater before. 21 What information does the man say is included on the flyer? Click on 2 answers. （ A） Names of profe
23、ssors who will give performance talks （ B） Performance times for the shows （ C） A Rates for various ticket purchasing options （ D） A seating chart for the theater 22 Listen again to part of the conversation, then answer the question. What can be inferred about the student when she says this? （ A） Sh
24、e will let her parents have the better seats. （ B） She is ready to purchase season tickets. （ C） She realizes that most seats have already been reserved. （ D） She is not concerned about sitting apart from her parents. 22 23 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） The difficulties in making a recyclin
25、g process more efficient （ B） A process for creating an environmentally safer oil （ C） Environmental benefits of recycling oil （ D） Reasons for obtaining new sources of oil 24 What does the professor imply about early attempts to convert waste materials into oil? （ A） They were environmentally safer
26、 than the thermal depolymerization process. （ B） The sources they used were too expensive to be practical. （ C） They used too much water in their production process. （ D） They were generally considered to be unsuccessful. 25 According to the professor, how does the “thermal depolymerization“ differ
27、from earlier process used to make fuel from waste? Click on 2 answers. （ A） Only the thermal depolymerization process mimics the way Earth produces oil. （ B） Only the thermal depolymerization process use products that contain carbon as a useful source. （ C） Only the thermal depolymerization process
28、can utilize both organic and inorganic waste as a source. （ D） The thermal depolymerization process produces oil of a higher quality than earlier processes did. 26 According to the professor, what role does water play in the thermal depolymerization process? （ A） It converts organic waste into liqui
29、d. （ B） It reduces the amount of waste material that the process requires. （ C） It reduces the amount of energy that the process requires. （ D） It breaks apart materials at the molecular level. 27 Why does a student mention global warming and greenhouse gases? （ A） To support the professors claim ab
30、out problems with current levels of crude oil usage （ B） To find out what the original motivation was for the development of thermal depolymerization （ C） To point out an advantage of using inorganic waste to create crude oil （ D） To raise a question about the potential environmental impact of therm
31、al depolymerization 28 What is the professors opinion of the thermal depolymerization process becoming a carbon-neutral process? （ A） He thinks it will not happen until environmental groups get involved. （ B） He thinks it is not likely to occur in the near future. （ C） He thinks it will happen only
32、if the price of oil goes up. （ D） He thinks that the amount of untapped oil underground makes a carbon -neutral process unnecessary. 28 29 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） The controversy surrounding a new method of archaeological research （ B） The renovation of rectangular pyramids found in P
33、eru （ C） The influence of Incan culture on later Peruvian civilizations （ D） The significance of archaeological findings in a region of Peru 30 Why does the professor discuss the Aspero site in Peru? （ A） To explain a belief about Peruvian history that was later challenged （ B） To clarify which of t
34、he twenty residential centers in the Norte Chico region was the largest （ C） To provide evidence of an ancient Peruvian cultures knowledge of irrigation techniques （ D） To point out that the Aspero pyramids are different from those found at other Norte Chico sites 31 What is the professors opinion a
35、bout the current archaeological classification of the Norte Chico culture? （ A） The failure of the culture to produce ceramic pottery indicates a lack of advancement. （ B） More evidence is needed before the culture can be classified into one of the existing categories. （ C） The culture should be con
36、sidered complex in spite of the unusual way it developed. （ D） The culture seems to have followed the pattern that is typical of other major ancient civilizations. 32 According to the professor, what crop was NOT cultivated by the ancient inhabitants of the Norte Chico region? （ A） Beans （ B） Avocad
37、os （ C） Chilies （ D） Grains 33 What does the professor imply about the significance of the quipu that were produced by the Norte Chico culture? （ A） They suggest that early inhabitants of the regions coastal areas used fishing nets. （ B） They may constitute one of the earliest known forms of written
38、 communication. （ C） They represent the cultures first attempts at creating fabric. （ D） They confirm the importance of cotton in the regional economy. 34 What does the professor say about how the city of Caral came to an end? （ A） The citys inhabitants initiated a rebellion. （ B） The citys inhabita
39、nts abandoned the city in an organized manner. （ C） People moved to the coast to have greater access to the oceans resources. （ D） Outside enemy forces invaded the city. 托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编 8答案与解析 0 【听力原文】 Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and his psychology professor(P). S: Thanks for meeti
40、ng with me, Professor Davis. I really enjoy your class. It even got me thinking of changing my major to psychology. P: I think youd be a good fit. Youre always full of insightful questions and actually, I didnt see you at the informational meeting for the psychology club, but I think its something y
41、oud enjoy. S: Well, I wanted to go, but I had a study group for another class. The club sounds great: lectures from people in the fields, volunteering opportunities. It all seems really useful. P: Yes, its a valuable experience and fun. When I was a student, unlike some other fields, psychologys suc
42、h a broad field. What clubs like these offer the events, lectures, internship opportunities they helped me find a focus when I was in school, and thats why I offered to be the club advisor. And you know, were meeting tonight. A few students will be talking about their summer internships. S: Id love
43、to go, especially if I decide to major in psych, but I have another study group tonight for our class actually. Were going over the nerve pathways of the brain, and were going to talk about the research essay. P: Good idea. The first paper is always a little daunting. S: Exactly, especially since. w
44、ell, thats why Im here actually. Weve covered so much like the background on brain anatomy, the case studies, and articles on decision-making and problem solving, so Im wondering how to approach this. P: Well, look to the central task: a case study, an analysis of a particular psychological process.
45、 Use that as a basis to organize what youve learned about the biological basis of behavior. You have to demonstrate that you can connect all the information weve covered in class. Use it to draw conclusions about that psychological process. S: But surely, different people could come up with differen
46、t conclusions? P: Yes, but if your analysis makes sense and incorporates what weve learned in class, youll get credit. I know its tough, but do you remember what we were saying in class about experts and novices? S: Well, experts recognize patterns in information, right, where novices might just see
47、 random details, so experts can solve problems faster. P: Yes, and to be able to do that, experts have to go through a lot of trial and error to hone their skills. S: They couldnt see those patterns without all of the experience of connecting the information. P: You said it, so consider this an exer
48、cise. S: Its like in that article you had us read about that experiment, about the physics problem in Newtons Laws of Motion. P: Right, the difference in how experts and novices approach the problem. S: Yeah, it was interesting to see that novices tried to solve it by recalling equations, like plugg
49、ing numbers into equations, formulas and the like. You see, experts, on the other hand, they would first think about the major principles like Newtons Laws and how and why those laws applied to the physics problem. 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 目的主旨题。线索词为学生所说 :thats why Im here actually Weve covered so much like the background on brain anatomy,the case studies， and articles on decision-making and problem solving， so Im wondering how to approach this在本篇对话中，学生特来请教心理学教授如何撰写研 究论文。 B和 C选项错误原因一致。实习机会和俱乐部会议均是教授提及内容，学生起初并不知晓。 D选项错误，因为原文未提及转专业的具体程序。一般而言，目的主旨
