1、武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 “I promise.“I swear to you itll never happen again.“l give you my word“Honestly-Believe me.“ sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students essays,hoping to find th
2、e person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I wont detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer,but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles l
3、ike fingerprints and after several assignments,! can match a students work with his or her name even if its missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average (GPA)? When were threatened or sick,we make conditional promises. “If you let me pass
4、math I will. .“Lord,if you get me over this before the big homecoming game Ill.“Once the situation is behind us so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps,but we do use that click to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked;gratitude is unpaid. After all. fe
5、w fulfill the contract so why should anyone be the exception. Why not? Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis up until that time,both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned
6、the person regarding his essay and he swore it Id understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour,then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I con
7、fronted him with both essays. “I promise.III not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. Im just nervous today.“ The head of the English department agreed with my finding,and the meeting with the dean had the boys parents present After an hour of discussion touching on eight of the boys previo
8、us essays and his grade-point average,which indicted he was already on academic probation (留校查看 ),the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested. “Hes only a child“and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times
9、 would resent being labeled as such.Except in this uncomfortable circumstance. 1 According to the author,students commit plagiarism mainly for_. （ A） money （ B） degree （ C） higher GPA （ D） reputation 2 The sentence“Once the situation is behind us,so are the promises“implies that （ A） students usuall
10、y keep their promises （ B） some students tend to break their promises （ C） the promises are always behind the situation （ D） we cannot judge the situation in advance,as we do to the promises 3 The“borderline passing“(Line 3 Para3) probably means_. （ A） fairly good （ B） extremely poor （ C） above aver
11、age （ D） below average 4 The boys parents thought their son should be excused mainly because_. （ A） teachers should be born passionate （ B） he was only a child （ C） instructors were wiser （ D） he was threatened 5 Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage? （ A） Human Nuture （ B）
12、 Conditional Promises （ C） How to Detect Cheating （ D） The Sadness of Plagiarism 5 Each year,millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However,International Deve
13、lopment Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has de-veloped technology to harvest rainwater. People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe,dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water,rainwater contains no minerals or
14、salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all， it is free. The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At
15、the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush“ device made of wire screen.This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank. A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush“ device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito ins
16、ects from laying eggs in the water. Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total,the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five
17、-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However,if the bags are not damaged by sunlight,they could last even longer. International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on
18、 a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However,International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enou
19、gh rainwater to survive a five-month dry season. 6 People in Bangladesh can use_as a safe source of drinking water. （ A） ground water （ B） rainwater （ C） drinking water （ D） fresh water 7 Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater? （ A） Rainwater is free of chemical treatm
20、ents. （ B） People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. （ C） The water harvesting system is built on a platform. （ D） Rainwater can be collected using pipes. 8 Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank? （ A） a barrier （ B） a wire screen （ C） a firs
21、t-flush （ D） a storage tank 9 The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by_. （ A） mosquito insects （ B） a fitted cover （ C） a first-flush device （ D） sunlight 10 What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom? （ A） The two bags holding th
22、e water should be put inside the metal tank. （ B） The inner bags need to be replaced every two years. （ C） The water harvesting system should be built on a platform. （ D） A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it. 10 Where one stage of child development has been left out,or not suffic
23、iently experienced,the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible,for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle,in fact,underlies all p
24、sychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development,and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food,to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child fee
25、ls the world around him is a warm and friendly one,he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its de-mands,Learning to wait for things,particularly for food,is a very important element in upbringing,and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before t
26、he child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill the first spoken words,the first independent steps,or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate,but this can set up dangerous feeli
27、ng of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early,a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand,though,if a child is left alone too much,or witho
28、ut any learning opportunities,he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parent
29、s. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys,jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict
30、 in money matters,others are severe over times of coming home at night,punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general,the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being. 11 The principle underlying all
31、 treatment of developmental difficulties in children_. （ A） is to send them to clinics （ B） offers recapture of earlier experiences （ C） is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains （ D） is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced 12 The child in the nursery_. （ A） quickly learns
32、 to wait for food （ B） doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervals （ C） always accepts the rhythm of the world around them （ D） always feels the world around him is warm and friendly 13 The encouragement of children to achieve new skills_. （ A） can never be taken too far （ B） should be left
33、 to school teachers （ C） will always assist their development （ D） should be balanced between two extremes 14 Jigsaw puzzles are_. （ A） toe difficult for children （ B） a kind of building-block toy （ C） not very entertaining for adults （ D） suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation 15 Parental
34、controls and discipline_. （ A） serve a dual purpose （ B） should be avoided as much as possible （ C） reflect the values of the community （ D） are designed to promote the childs happiness 15 In July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Expe
35、rts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9, 000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season. Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary expe
36、rts had swung into action, throwing up a 3km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defras Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division felt it was safe for poultry move virus, ha
37、s reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5N1 virus, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores. Wh
38、at happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained and most important of all whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-huma
39、n transmission cannot be ruled out. “Every time a new person gets infected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic,“ said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. “Its a very s
40、mall chance, probably 1 in 1,000, 1 in 10,000 or less.“ Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weyb
41、ridge, Surrey. If Ian Brown, the head of avian virology there, confirms the cause of death as H5N1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine, restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Depa
42、rtment of Health, the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of Defence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that the outbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination. At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading t
43、o human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates
44、 Whitehalls response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order. The Department of Healths pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54, 000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an un
45、derestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000 projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic plan later this month. In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many deaths in the 12 weeks of an epidemic as there usually
46、are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000 people would reguire hos-pital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick. To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu(药名 ), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14m
47、 courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The government would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At pres
48、ent there are contingency plans for just two to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1. The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenamed
49、, Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defras avian influenza stakeholder group, said: “All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario.“ The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly
