1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Acid rain, is a form of air pollution, currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage for which it has bee
2、n blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carried long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain. The pollution many also take the form of snow or fog or be precipitated in dry for
3、ms. In fact, although the term “acid rain“ has been in use for more than a century it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England the more accurate scientific term would be “ acid deposition. “ The dry form of such precipitation is just as damaging as the
4、liquid form, especially to trees and structures. Furthermore, some of the pollutants also associated with acid rain are not themselves acidic. The problem of acid rain may be said to have originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since. The severity of its effects has l
5、ong been recognized in local settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas. The wide destructiveness of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has e
6、roded structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened or depleted life in freshwater lakes. In 1983, for example, published reports indicated that 34 percent of the forested areas of West Germany had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern U. S. and eastern Canada have also been affected b
7、y this form of pollution, and other areas of the two countries are also showing increasing signs of damages, as are other regions of the world. Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosph
8、ere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. Studies released by the U. S. government in the early 1980s
9、, however, strongly implicated industries as the main source of acid rain. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 就业是民生之本，是人们赖以生存和发展的基本经济资源。由于人口众多，劳动力资源丰富和经济结构调整等原因，中国目前面临巨大的就业压力。中国政府始终将促进就业作为国民经济和社会发展的战
10、略任务，将控制失业率列入国民经济宏观调控的主要目标，合理调整就业结构，建立市场导向的就业机制，大力促进就业总量的增加，总体上保持了就业形式的基本稳定。 在增加基本建设投资，积 极扩大内需，保持国民经济快速发展的同时，中国政府通过产业政策的调整，重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业，积极发展多种所有制经济，鼓励灵活多样的就业形式，增加就业岗位，拓宽就业渠道。为解决农村劳动力的就业问题，中国政府积极调整农业和农村经济结构，鼓励发展效益农业和劳动密集型农业，积极引导农村富余劳动力的合理流动。为提高劳动者的文化素质和职业技能，中国政府通过多种途径，努力发展各类教育事业，努力建立一个全方位多层
11、次的职业技术教育和培训体系。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 14答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 酸雨是一种空气污染，正引起激烈的争论，因为人们把广泛的环境破坏归咎于酸雨。酸雨是这样形成的：硫和氮的氧化物与空气中的水蒸气相结合而产生硫酸和硝酸，硫酸和硝酸可以在空气中漂浮到距离产生地很远的地方，然后随雨水落下。污染物可能采取雪或 雾的形式，也
12、可能以干燥的形式落下。其实，“酸雨 ”一词虽已用了一个多世纪 这个词是从英国曼彻斯特地区进行的大气研究工作中产生的 更为精确的科学术语应当是 “酸降 ”。这种以干燥的形式和液体形式落下的东西具有同样的破坏力，对树木和建筑物来说尤其是这样。此外，有些与酸雨有关的污染物本身并无酸性。 酸雨问题可以说起源于工业革命，从那时起就越来越严重。酸雨的严重性，在局部地区早就为人们所认识，工业化程度较高的地区不时出现的酸性烟雾就是明证。然而，酸雨具有广泛的破坏性，只是在近几十年才为人们所认识。曾在一片很大 的地区进行广泛的研究，那就是北欧。在那里，酸雨腐蚀了建筑物，损害了农作物和林木，危及甚至已经灭绝了淡水湖
13、泊里的生物。例如，有公开发表的报告说， 1983年西德森林覆盖的地方，有 34受到酸雨的破坏。美国东北部和加拿大东部地区也都受到这种污染，两国的其它地区也有迹象受到日益严重破坏的迹象，世界上其它地区也是这种情况。 人们认为工业废气是产生酸雨的主要原因。由于在大气层形成酸雨所涉及的化学作用是复杂的，而且人们至今知之甚少，工业部门对上述评价一直持有异议，并强调需作进一步的研究。同时由于减轻污染耗资巨大， 政府部门也一向支持这种态度。然而美国政府于二十世纪八十年代初发表的研究报告强调指出工业部门是产生酸雨的主要来源。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40
14、 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 Employment is the basis of peoples livelihood and the basic economic resource that people rely on for subsistence and development. At present, China faces a great employment pressure, due to its hug
15、e population, abundant labor resources and economic restructuring. The Chinese Government has always regarded increasing employment opportunities as a major strategic task in economic and social development, and controlling the rate of unemployment as a main target in macro-economic regulation and c
16、ontrol. It has rationally readjusted the employment structure, established a market-oriented employment mechanism, made great efforts to increase overall employment and maintained basic stability in the general employment situation. While increasing capital construction investment, vigorously expand
17、ing domestic demand and maintaining the rapid development of the national economy, the government, through readjustment of its industrial policies, stresses the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential. It also increases employment and expands emplo
18、yment channels by vigorously developing the economy with diverse forms of ownership and by encouraging various forms of employment. To solve the problem related to the employment of rural laborers, the Chinese Government has been vigorously readjusting agricultural and rural economic structures, enc
19、ouraging the development of profitable and labor-intensive agriculture, and actively guiding the rational flow of surplus rural laborers. To raise the cultural level and professional skills of the labor force, the Chinese Government has striven to promote all forms of education through various channels and establish an all-round, multi-level vocational and technical education and training system.
