1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the worlds labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution
2、 in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent. Farm size varies widely from region to region.
3、Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha(about 460 acres)per farm, and for U. S. farms, about 175 ha(about 432 acres). The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3. 6 ha(less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2
4、ha(less than 3 acres). Size also depends on the purpose of the farm. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large holdings. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa. Wheat fa
5、rms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals. Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations ar
6、e decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A “back-to-the-land“ movement in the U. S. reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980. The conditions that determine what will be ra
7、ised in an area include climate, water supply, and terrain. Over the 10, 000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn an
8、d rye. Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt. Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity; for e
9、xample, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the U. S. , wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years. The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural produ
10、cts depends on many variables. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand, an exce
11、ptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this has been true of the U. S. , Canada, and some of the West European countries. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 min
12、utes. 2 向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。 “我已有多年没有写诗了， ”她微笑说， “可是我还是爱读好诗。 ” 冰心很 幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。 她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了
13、她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是 冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 18答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 农业的重要性怎样强调都不为过。世界百分之五十以上的劳动力从事农业。二十世纪八十年代初
14、，农业劳动力的比例在非洲高达百分之六十七，在北美 洲则不足百分之五，在西欧约为百分之十六，在东欧和苏联约为百分之三十二，在亚洲则约为百分之六十八。 农场规模因地而异，差别很大。直到最近，加拿大农场的规模平均约为 186公顷(约合 460英亩 )，美国农场的规模约为 175公顷 (约合 432英亩 )。但在菲律宾，私人农场的规模平均略少于 3 6公顷 (不足 9英亩 )，在印度尼西亚则略少于 1 2公顷 (不足 3英亩 )。 农场的规模还取决于其用途。大农场通常从事商业耕种，或者说为赚钱而生产。拉丁美洲的大庄园就是大片的私有土地，雇人劳动。单一作物的种植园生产茶叶、橡胶或 可可。生产小麦的农场最
15、有效益。它们拥有几千公顷土地，雇佣一群群工人，并使用机器。澳大利亚牧羊场和其它畜牧场的规模一定要大到足以能为成千的牲畜提供充足的饲料。 零散的维持生计的个体农场，或者说混合经营的小规模家庭农场，在发达国家已日渐减少，但在非洲和亚洲的发展中国家里仍大量存在。美国的 “返回田地 ”运动扭转了 1970至 1980这十年间新英格兰和阿拉斯加小农场衰败的局面。 一个地区究竟生产什么取决于它的气候、供水、地形和其它条件。 自有农业以来的一万多年中，各地的人们发现了野生动植物的食用 价值，于是将其加以驯化或栽培，最重要的是谷物，如小麦、稻子、大麦、玉米和黑麦。 农业收入还来自非粮食作物，如橡胶、纤维植物、
16、烟草以及可用于生产化学合成品的油料作物。此外，还可通过饲养动物取其皮毛而获利。 一个国家赚取的外汇，很大一部分可能来自某种单一的商品。例如，斯里兰卡依靠茶叶，丹麦专门经营奶制品，澳大利亚出口羊毛，新西兰和阿根廷则出口肉类制品。在美国，近年来小麦已成为其赚取外汇的主要商品。 一个国家是否以出口农产品为主取决于许多可变因素。其中一个因素就是这个国家的工业可能很不发达，无法生产足够数量和技术先进的工业品。这类农产品出口国包括加纳，出口可可，还有缅甸，出口大米。另一方面，特别发达的国家可能生产过剩，大于本国人的需求，美国、加拿大和一部分西欧国家就是这种情况。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-Eng
17、lish Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited. I
18、 explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent written poetry for many years,“ she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry. “ Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a womens college
19、in Beijing in 1919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement, a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publici
20、ty by the Student Union. She wrote poems, articles and stories, attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U. S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed.
