1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in Engl
2、and, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents. Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception cl
3、asses in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents). The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a b
4、asic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private a
5、nd voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans“ for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development
6、partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers“ designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare. In Scotl
7、and, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from August 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to
8、quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998. Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through part-nership between the education and library boards, other statutory pro
9、viders and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 当前，中国人民正在为实现全面建设小康社会的目标而奋斗。前不久，中共十六届五中全会提出了 2006年至 2010年中国经济社会发展的主要任务，其中经济发
10、展的主要目标是：在优化结构、提高效益和降低消耗的基础上，实现 2010年人均国内生产总值比 2000年翻一番；资源利用效率显著提高， 2010年单位国内生产总值能源消耗比 2005年降 低 20左右。为了实现这个目标，中国将坚持以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，推动经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设全面发展。在主要依靠自身力量发展的同时，中国坚持对外开放，广泛开展国际经济技术合作，与世界各国共同分享人类文明成果；尊重和照顾他国的利益，与各国共同解决合作中出现的分歧和问题，努力实现互利共赢和共同发展；信守国际义务和承诺，积极参与国际体系和国际事务，努力发挥建设性促进作用；在和平共处五项原
11、则的基础上与各国平等相待，积极发展与各国的友好关系。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 按照法律规定，在英格兰。苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为4岁至 16岁。大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠
12、学生 家长缴费来筹措经费。 许多三、四岁的孩子上幼儿园和幼儿班 (在英格兰还有小学校里的小班 )。某些民办的日托幼儿园和学前游戏小组 (大都是家长组织的 )也提供学前教育。 政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。在英格兰和威尔士，政府从 1998年 9月开始为所有 4岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出 “早期教育发展计划 ”。制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和
13、家长服务。从 1999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立 “优秀早期教育中心 ”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。 在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。 1998年 8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。政府计划在 1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。 北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增
14、加了学前教育学生的名额。 【试题解析】 1 see that务必使 ，保证，注意，专心 分析 理解结构采分点。 短语 see that: make sure; take care务必使 ，保证，注意，专心 在本文中表示 “要确保， (务必 )使 ” 2 full-time education全日制 教育 分析 基本素质采分点。 full-time(工作，学习等 )全部规定时间， (足球等的 )比赛结束 full-time education是固定的专有名词，要用公认的名称来译。 对照 part-time education非全日制教育； compulsory education义务教育； fr
15、ee education免费教育 3 Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or else where, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. 按照法律规定，在英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为 4岁至 16岁。 分析
16、理解结构采分点。 此句是个复合句。主句是个被动语态结构， that引导一个宾 语从句，之后又分别带有地点状语和时间状语。要分析其语法结构来理解词义，但翻译时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词序也要作相应的调整：汉译时，英语中的一些状语可放到主句之前，被动语态有时在汉语中不必译出。 4 About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.大约 93%的学生享受公家捉
17、供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。 分析 理解结构采分点。 这是一个由连词 while连接的并列句。 independent schools后有分词知语financed by fees paid by parents，可将句子断开来译。另外还要注意英语中有些词用法很活，要根据上下文的不同而变换泽法和词性：此外还要根据汉语习惯来扩展释义，将话说完整。本句中的 receive译成 “享受 ”， from不要译成 “来自 ”而是译成 “由 ”，中间可增加 “提供 的 ”， funds可译成 “投资或经费 ”，前半句即可译成： 享受由公家 (政府 )提供的免费教育
18、。 finance在此不是名词 “财政，金融 ”，而是动词，译成 “负担经费 ”， fees paid by parents译成：靠学生家长交费。 5 The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. 政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面部有一点基础。 分
19、析 理解结构采分点。 翻译此句时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词性要作相应的转换，如将名词译作动词： a major expansion of pre-school education大力发展学前教育：介词译作动词，而将原来的动词不定式译成介词短语： wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候 都有一点基础。并将 in literacy and numeracy译作 “在识字和识数方面 ”。 6 and is committed to staged targets for provision fo
20、r 3 year olds thereafter. 政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。 分析 用词选词采分点。 根据上下文 staged targets在此译作：分阶段实现 的 目标。 7 Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans“ for securing these objectives. 地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出 “早期教育发展计划
21、 ”。 分析 用词选词采分点。 in partnership with在此译作：与 合作， providers供应者，提供者，在此译作 “志愿 (协助政府的 )办学者 ”。 8 The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents. 制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。 分析 理解结 构
22、采分点。 英译汉时，经常根据汉语的习惯把英语的被动语态转为主动或反过来。本句应译为：制订这类计划旨在表明 。 9 From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. 从 1999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童 保健。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句中的 integrated with early educatio
23、n是分词短语作定语，在翻译时只需将它放到所修饰的中心词前即可， (提供 )与早期教育相结合的 ( 儿童保健 )。 10 In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from August 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. 在苏格兰，地方教育
24、当局一直领导这方面的工作。 1998午 8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句虽是个简单句，但带有许多短语 (状语 )，我们翻译时，常常将这些短语转化成汉语中的句子：同时注意为了意思的连贯和通顺，要变换译法和顺序。如上面： in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers可译成： (他们 )与民间志愿办学者合作
25、，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。 11 The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998. 分析 用词选词采分点。 access to有权使用，常与 get， have， give等词连用；在此 give access to可译作：使 享受到。 12 Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a singl
26、e school entry date in September each year. 北爱尔兰义务 教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。 分析 理解结构采分点。 此句又为转性译法 在翻译过程中将原文的词性进行转换。将原文中的形容词 lower变成副词 “较低 ”，将名词短语译成动词短语： a single school entry date按统一日期入学。 13 A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and libr
27、ary boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places. 一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿力、学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。 分析 理解结构采分点。 (参见上面第九句 ) 本句是断句译法。句中的划线部分是个分词短语，在翻译时将它译成定语，并将它放到所 修饰的中心词前即可。本句中 other statutory providers不译作 “其它法定的提供者 ”，而是
28、根据上下文译成 “其它法定办学单位 ”。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 At present, the Chinese people are working hard to build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Not long ago, the Fifth Pl
29、enary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set the main targets for Chinas economic and social development from 2006 to 2010, of which the principal economic target is to double the 2000 per-capita GDP by 2010 on the basis of optimizing the economic structure, increa
30、sing economic returns and reducing consumption; and enhance substantially the resource utilization ratio, and by 2010 reduce the 2005 per-unit GDP resource consumption by around 20 percent. To attain this target, China, guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development with people first, overall coord
31、ination and sustainable development at the core, will promote the overall development of its economy, politics, culture and society. While seeking development by relying primarily on its own strength, China will stick to the policy of opening-up, engage in extensive international economic and techno
32、logical cooperation, and share with all other countries the fruits of mankinds civilization. China respects and gives consideration to others interests, works with other countries to solve the disputes and problems cropping up in cooperation, and strives to achieve mutual benefit, win-win and common
33、 development. While abiding by its international obligations and commitments, China actively participates in international systems and world affairs, and endeavors to play a constructive role. China gets along with all other countries equally and develops friendly relations with them on the basis of
34、 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 【试题解析】 1小康社会 a moderately prosperous society。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “小康社会 ”为时事词汇。 2前不久，中共十六届五中全会提出了 2006年至 2010年中国经济社会发展的主要任务，其中经济发展的主要目标是： 在优化结构、提高效益和降低消耗的基础上， 现 2010年人均国内生产总值比 2000年翻一番；资源利用效率显著提高， 2010年单位国内生产总值能源消耗比 2005年降低 20左右。 Not long ago, the Fifth Plenary
35、Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set the main targets for Chinas economic and social development from 2006 to 2010, of which the principal economic target is to double the 2000 per-capita GDP by 2010 on the basis of optimizing the economic structure, increasing e
36、conomic returns and reducing consumption; and enhance substantially the resource utilization ratio, and by 2010 reduce the 2005 per-unit GDP resource consumption by around 20 percent. 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文中的 “其中经济发展的主要目标是 ” 翻成定语从句 “of which the principal economic target is.”使得句子结构紧凑。原文中 “在优化结构、提高效益和降低消耗的基础
37、上 ”可以翻成介词短语 on the basis of optimizing.作状语。下面三部分 “实现 2010年人均国内生产总值比 2000年翻一番；资源利用效率显著提高， 2010年单位国内生产总值能源消耗比 2005年降低 20左右 ”可以翻译成三个并列的动词不定式短语，分别使用动词 double, enhance和 reduce。而 “翻一番 ”即是较之原来两倍之意，因此翻成 double the 2000 per-capita GDP by 2010。 3中共十六届五中全会 the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committe
38、e of the Communist Party of China。 分析 基本素质采分点。 中国共产党的代表大会有其固定译法。 4人均国内生产总值 per-capita GDP。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “国内生产总值 ”为常见的时事词汇。 5为了实现这个目标，中国将坚持以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，推动经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设全面发展。 To attain this target, China, guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development with people first, overall coordination
39、 and sustainable development at the core, will promote the overall development of its economy， politics， culture and society 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文中第一个分句 “坚持以 的科学发展观 ”是中国的指导方针，在这个指导方针指导下进行一系列 的活动，所以这部分可以译成过去分词短语作定语，即“guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development with people first, overall coordination and
40、 sustainable development at the core”。 6和平共处五项原则 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “和平共处五项原则 ”为常见时事词汇。 7在主要 依靠自身力量发展的同时，中国坚持对外开放，广泛开展国际经济技术合作，与世界各国共同分享人类文明成果；尊重和照顾他国的利益，与各国共同解决合作中出现的分歧和问题，努力实现互利共赢和共同发展；信守国际义务和承诺，积极参与国际体系和国际事务，努力发挥建设性促进作用；在和平共处五项原则的基础上与各国平等相待，积极发展与各国的友好关系。 Whil
41、e seeking development by relying primarily on its own strength, China will stick to the policy of opening-up, engage in extensive international economic and technological cooperation, and share with all other countries the fruits of mankinds civilization. China respects and give consideration to oth
42、ers interests, works with other countries to solve the disputes and problems cropping up in cooperation, and strives to achieve mutual benefit, win-win and common development. While abiding by its international obligations and commitments, China actively participates in international systems and wor
43、ld affairs, and endeavors to play a constructive role. China gets along with all other countries equally and develops friendly relations with them on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句是一个长句，可以用断句法，分译成四个独立的句子。第一 个分句 “中国坚持对外开放，广泛开展国际经济技术合作，与世界各国共同分享人类文明成果 ”译成简单句 “
44、China will stick to the policy of opening-up, engage in extensive international economic and technological cooperation, and share with all other countries the fruits of mankinds civilization.”在翻译第二个分句 “尊重和照顾他 国的利益，与各国共同解决合作中出现的分歧和问题，努力实现互利共赢和共同发展 ”时要增加主语 “China”，为了避免与上句动词的重复，这里的 “努力 ”可选用“endeavor”。第三个分句中的 “信守国际义务和承诺 ”可译成分词短语，用连词 while。 “在和平共处五项原则的基础上 ”依旧译成介词短语。 “照顾 ”实际的意思是“考虑，充分考虑 ”，所以，译成 “give consideration to”。
