1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Research published in May 1993 by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pol
2、lution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental priorities for the public. All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and Wales the Environment Agencys principal method of controlling water pollution is throu
3、gh the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents, authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of
4、 appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agencys decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), and most appeals are dealt with by the Scott
5、ish Office. In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsible for controlling water pollution. In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treat
6、ed sewage. The majority of these breaches did not cause any significant environmental damage. However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from 440 to 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. In Scotland, there were 2,734 p
7、ollution incidents in 1997; SEPA seeks prosecution in all significant cases. In 1997 and 1998, the Government introduced statutory Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for 33 substances in water. The new regulations give legal force for the first time to standards for some of the most dangerous po
8、llutants found in the aquatic environment. In the UK, 96 percent of the population live in properties connected to a sewer, and sewage treatment works serve over 80 percent of the population. In England and Wales, the water industry is committed to an investment programme of some 11,000 million over
9、 ten years for improvements to water quality. Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improvements in water quality. In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewe
10、rage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师。邓小平提出了 “建设有中国特色社会主义 ”的理论；支持在农村实行联产承包
11、责任制，在城市推行打破 “大锅饭 ”的各种经济责任制，建立公有制基础上的社会主义市场经济体制。同时，他倡导改革政治体制，如党政分开， 下放权力，发扬民主等。 邓小平主张把改革和开放结合起来，设置经济特区。 1979年 7月，国务院确定广东、福建两省试办经济特区。 1992年，邓小平视察南方，发表重要讲话，强调要抓住时机，关键是经济发展。 邓小平提出 “科技是第一生产力 ”，提出要尊重知识，尊重人才，发展教育事业。 在解决香港和澳门回归问题上，邓小平提出了用 “一国两制 ”的方针实现祖国统一的构想，取得了成功。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 2答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chines
12、e Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 根据英国环境、交通及区域部于 1998年 5月公布的研究报告，减少沿海水域与河流的污染，保证供应安全用水，乃是广大公众在环保方面的当务之急。 在英国，向水中倾倒任何东西，都需征得有关管理部门的同意。在英格兰和威尔士，环境署控制水污染的主要方法是监控一切流入地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水，包括 污水。环境署存有公开的记录，记载着水质、排放许可、授权单位、监督情况
13、等事项。申请排放许可者如对环境署的决定不满，有权上诉，大都由计划督察团接受处理，督察团是部属的一个执行机构。在苏格兰，是由苏格兰环保署 (SEPA) 负责监控，上诉大都由驻苏格兰办事处接受处理。在北爱尔兰，水污染由环境与遗产局负责监控。 1997年，在英格兰和威尔士共发生 4717起超过许可限度的排污事件，其中有一些是水公司的过错，它们排放了未经充分处理的污水。这些违规行为绝大部分都没有对环境造成重大危害。然而，环境署也的确将 65起违规 事件送上法庭，其中 6l起环境署胜诉，判处的罚款自 440镑至 12000镑不等，还有一起判处败诉方两个月徒刑。在苏格兰， 1997年共发生污染事件 273
14、4起；苏格兰环境保护署对情节严重者均予起诉。 1997和 1998年，政府实行法定环境质量标准，涉及水中 33种物质。新规定使得关于在水中发现的几种最危险的污染物的标准第一次具有法律效力。 在英国， 96人口的住宅与下水道系统相连，污水处理厂能为 80以上的人口服务。在英格兰和威尔士，水工业承诺在十年间将投资约 110亿英镑，以改善水质。逐步提高工业废水 处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染，预计将会进一步提高水质。在苏格兰，三个给水排污管理局负责给水和排污的事宜，分管全国的北部、东部和西部地区。 【试题解析】 1 reliable water supply保证供应安全用水。 分析 基本素
15、质采分点。 reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的， water supply n. 给水，自来水，供水系统。可信赖的供水系统。根据前文提到的 ensuring(保证 )，所以后面翻译成 “保证供水安全 ”比较符合汉语表达方式。 2 top environmental priorities for the public广大公众在环保方面的当务之急。 分析 用词选词采分点。 top priority指 “应予最优先考虑的事 ”，在这里翻译成 “当务之急 ”更好。 3 In England and Wales the Environment Agencys principal method
16、of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters在英格兰和威尔士，环境署控制水污染的主要方法是监控一切流入地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水，包括污水。 分析 理解结构采分点。 介词短语 including sewage(包括污水 )插入语成分，用于解释说明排放的废水都包含哪些种类，因此在翻译的时候可将其放在最后进行解释。先把 “. discharge
17、s, into groundwater and inland and coastal waters”翻译成 “排人地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水 ”，然后再进一步解释说明这些废水包括 sewage(污水 )。 4 Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agencys decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive
18、agency of the DETR. 申请排放许可者如对环境署的决定不满，有权上诉，大都由计划督察团接受处理，督察团是部属的一个执行机构。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句是由两个分句组成，译成汉语时可采用合句法组成一个句子。 an executive agency of the DETR是作为 planning inspectorate的同位语来进一步解释说明这一部门是隶属于 DETR。 5 In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsible for controlling water pollutio
19、n在北爱尔兰，水污染由环境与遗产局负责监控。 分析 基本素质采分点。 Environment and Heritage Service表示一个机构，其中的 Service应翻译成“局 ”。 6 In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treated sewage. 1997年，在英格
20、兰和威尔士共发生 4,717起超过许可限度的排污事件，其中有一些是水公司的过错，它们排放了未经充分处理的污水。 分析 选词用词采分点。 insufficiently treated指 “处理不充分，处理不当的 ”，这里要翻译成 “未经充分处理的 ”。 offence不译成 “冒犯 ”，而这里指的是 “过错 ”。 7 However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from 440 to 12,000 and o
21、ne prison sentence of two months. 然而，环境署也的确将 65起违规事件送上法庭，其中 61起环境署胜诉，判处的罚款自 440镑至 12000镑不等，还有一起判处两个月徒刑。 分析 选词用词采分点。 bringto court ，把 送上法庭。短语 result in省译。 successful不宜翻译成“成功 ”，为了使句子更通顷，应译成动词 “胜诉 ”。 8 In England and Wales， the water industry is committed to an investment programme of some 11,000 milli
22、on over ten years for improvements to water quality. 在英格兰和威尔士，水工业承诺在十年间将投资约 110亿英镑，以改善水质。 分析 理解表达采分点。 采用省译的方法省译 programme。 Some指 “大约 ”。 9 Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improv
23、ements in water quality逐步提高工业废水处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染， 预计将会进一步提高水质。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原句的主语是两个并列的名词性短语 higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture, 可以翻译成动宾结构作主语，译为 “逐步提高工业废水处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染 ”。其中要增加动词 “提高 ”和 “采取 ”，谓语部分的 improvement转译成动词“
24、提高 ”。 10 In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country. 在苏格兰，三个给水排污管理局负责给水和排污的事宜，分管全国的北部、东部和西部地区。 分析 选词用词采分点。 lie with是当 “属于 的权利 ”讲，在此译成由 负责即可。 cover在这里不译成 “覆盖 ”因为其逻辑主语
25、是 “给水排污管理局 ”，所以，用 “分管 ”更好。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 Deng Xiaoping was the chief architect of Chinas reform and opening-up policies. He put forward the theory of “building socialism w
26、ith Chinese characteristics,“ supported the implementation of the household responsibility system with remuneration linked to output in the countryside, the introduction of various forms of responsibility system aimed at breaking the practice of everyone eating from the same “big pot,“ and the estab
27、lishment of a socialist market economy system on the basis of public ownership. At the same time, he advocated reform of the political system, such as by separating the functions of the Party and the government, delegating power to lower levels, develaping a democratic style of work, etc. He advocat
28、ed combining reform with opening-up and establishing special economic zones (SEZs). In July 1979 the State Council decided to set up SEZs in Guangdong and Fujian provinces on a trial basis. In 1992, he made an inspection tour of southern China and issued important instructions, emphasizing that it w
29、as necessary to seize the opportunities and take economic development as the key. He pointed out that “science and technology are the primary productive forces,“ and urged that it was necessary to show respect for knowledge and talented people and develop education. To achieve the reunion of Hong Ko
30、ng and Macao with the motherland, he put forth the idea for realizing the reunification of the country on the principle of “one country, two systems“. 【试题解析】 1邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师。 Deng Xiaoping was the chief architect of Chinas reform and opening-up policies. 分析 基本素质采分点。 “改革开放政策 ”是常见的时事词汇。 “总设计师 ”译为 the
31、 chief architect。 2邓小平提出了 “建设有中国特色社会主义 ”的理论；支持在农村实行联产承包责任制，在城市推行打破 “大锅饭 ”的各种经济责任制，建立公有制基础上的社会主义市场经济体制。 He put forward the theory of “building socialism with Chinese characteristics, “ supported the implementation of the household responsibility system with remuneration linked to output in the countr
32、yside, the introduction of various forms of responsibility system aimed at breaking the practice of everyone eating from the same “big pot,“ and the establishment of a socialist market economy on the basis of public ownership. 分析 理解结构采分点。 首先了解句子主干，主干是邓小平提出了理论，支持两类责任制，和体制的建立。 其中， “建设有中国特色社会主义 ”， “联产承
33、包责任制 ”， “大锅饭 ”都是常用的时事词汇。 3 1992年，邓小平视察南方，发表重要讲话，强调要抓住时机，关键是经济发展。 In 1992, he made an inspection tour of southern China and issued important instructions, emphasizing that it was necessary to seize the opportunities and take economic development as the key 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是几个单句组成的复句，译文将后两个小分句译成现在分词引导的定语，使得句子结构更紧凑。 4科技是第一生产力。 Science and technology are the primary productive forces。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “科技是第一生产力 ”是常见的时事词汇。 5一国两制 one country, two systems 分析 基本素质采分点。 “一国两制 ”亦是常见 的时事词汇。
