1、笔译三级综合能力冠词练习试卷 5及答案与解析 0 The City of Winchester 温切斯特市 Many visitors to Great Britain who make a point of visting the famous cultural shrines of Stratford, Oxford , Cambridge and Canterbury are less aware of the equally rewarding historical interest and the friendly individuality of the ancient capit
2、al, the city of Winchester. This Hampshire centre of around 30,000 inhabitants has welcomed (and, on various occasions, repulsed) a succession of visitors for nearly three thousand years. Early tribes occupied it from time to time, and much later the Roman colonisers established a commercial centre
3、with solidly-constructed straight roads radiating from it. It was Alfred the Great who, in the ninth century, made the small town the national centre of learning, though his statue dominating the main street recalls the warrior with raised cross-like sworD Norman succeeded Sxon and soon the cathedra
4、l, one of the loveliest and richest in architectural interest in England, was being erected.A college was founded in the fourteenth century and even though a decline in the wood trade led to a period of economic stagnation, the college maintained the towns tradition of learning and is one of the mos
5、t famous public schools of today. Present-day traffic has destroyed much of the peace of the city centre. Private cars and buses which surge through the narrow streets at weekends may be supplemented on weekdays by lorries roaring on their way to Southampton. And yet away from the busier roads, the
6、prevailing atmosphere remains one of calm meditation and contentment. From the smooth sun-flecked lawns of the Close, patterned with leaf-shadows from gently stirring foliage, rises the cathedral, its comfortable, square, late-Norman tower, its Norman transepts and severe Gothic nave suggesting that
7、 the beauty created by man, though not imperishable, may survive wars and revolutions, and represent the endurance of traditional values even in an age of undignified scurrying change.Certain houses round the Close may have provided homes for the loyal subjects of the first Queen Elizabeth when Shak
8、espeare was learning to write. The youth Hostel, a mill standing on the citys river, is more than two hundred years olD In well-mannered unobtrusiveness,the old buildings of the main street blend with the new, and a walk through the town centre is one of enjoyable discoveries. The rounded hills of S
9、outhern England, among which the city is built, shelter a country-side of farms and picturesque villages, where, despite motor transport and television, many of the old rural traditions and mental attitudes are preserveD Winchester belongs to its surroundings: it is the appropriate centre of a regio
10、n of prosperous,quiet, richly-green countryside. Lively, up-to-date and friendly, it maintains very many English traditions of fine domestic and ecclesiastical architecture, of graciousness and imperturbability, of richly inventive variety and peaceful dignity which are among the highest achievement
11、s of all those English planners and designers who created the heritage we now enjoy. 1 It appears that many visitors to Great Britain_. （ A） find the city of Winchester very attractive （ B） think Winchester comparable to other places of interest （ C） are aware of the historical importance of Winches
12、ter （ D） know less about Winchester than about other famous cultural shrines 2 Who was responsible for the building of the famous cathedral in the city? （ A） The Roman colonisers. （ B） The Saxons. （ C） The Normans. （ D） Alfred the Great. 3 The word “severe“ in “severe Gothic nave“ (in Paragraph 3) i
13、s closest in meaning to_. （ A） serious （ B） simple （ C） fierce （ D） violent 4 It can be seen from the passage that the author_. （ A） cherishes old traditions （ B） opposes any social change （ C） works for a tourist agency （ D） lives in the city of Winchester 5 Which of the following words can best de
14、scribe the citys surroundings? （ A） Up-to-date. （ B） Ecclesiastical. （ C） Peaceful. （ D） Lively. 5 Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔 约翰逊 Visitors to St. Pauls Cathedral are sometimes astonished as they walk round the space under the dome to come upon a statue which would appear to be that of a retired gladiator me
15、ditating upon a wasted life. They are still more astonished when they see under it an inscription indicating that it represents the English writer, Samuel Johnson. The statue by Bacon, but it is not one of his best works. The figure ism as often in eighteenth-century sculpture, clothed only in a loo
16、se robe which leaves arms, legs and one shoulder bare. But the strangeness for us is not one of costume only. If we know anything of Johnson, we know that he was constantly ill all through his life; and whether we know anything of him or not we are apt to think of a literary man as a delicate, weakl
17、y, nervous sort of person. Nothing can be further from that than the muscular statue. And in this matter the statue is perfectly right. And the fact which is reports is far from being unimportant.The body and the mind are inextricably interwoven in all of us, and certainly in Johnsons case the influ
18、ence of the body was obvious and conspicuous. His melancholy, his constantly repeated conviction of the general unhappiness of human life, was certainly the result of his constitutional infinities. On the other hand, his courage, and his entire indifference to pain,were partly due to his great bodil
19、y strength. Perhaps the vein of rudeness, almost of fierceness,which sometimes showed itself in his conversation, was the natural temper of an invalid and suffering giant. That at any rate is what he was. He was the victim from childhood of a disease which resembled St. Vituss Dance. He never knew t
20、he natural joy of a free and vigorous use of his limbs; when he walked it was like the struggling walk of one in irons. All accounts agree that his strange gesticulations and contortions were painful for his friends to witness and attracted crowds of starers in the streets. But Reynolds says that he
21、 could sit still for his portrait to be taken, and that when his mind was engaged by a conversation the convulsions ceaseD In any case, it is certain that neither this perpetual misery, not his constant fear of losing his reason, nor his many grave attacks of illness, ever induced him to surrender t
22、he privileges that belonged to his physical strength. He justly thought no character so disagreeable as that of a chronic invalid, and was determined not to be one himself. He had known what it was to live on fourpence a day and scorned the life of sofa cushions and tea into which well-attended old
23、gentlemen so easily slip. 6 We understand from the passage that most eighteenth-century sculpture was_. （ A） done by a man called Bacon （ B） not very well made （ C） loosely draped （ D） left bare 7 “The body and the mind are inextricably interwoven“ means_. （ A） they interact with each other （ B） the
24、y are confused by all of us （ C） they have little effect on each other （ D） they are mixed up in all of us 8 Samuel Johnsons unhappiness was caused by_. （ A） his melancholy nature （ B） his physical disabilities （ C） his strength of character （ D） his ill-temper 9 The author says Johnson found it dif
25、ficult to walk because_. （ A） he couldnt control his legs （ B） he generally wore irons round his legs （ C） people always stared at him （ D） it hurt his friends to watch him 10 According to the passage, Johnson had_. （ A） never had enough money to live on （ B） managed to live on tea only （ C） lived f
26、rugally in the past （ D） always lived in easy circumstances 10 The Grand Canyon 大峡谷 The Grand Canyon, exceptionally deep, steep-walled canyon in northwestern Arizona, is excavated by the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon is 446 km long, up to 29 km wide, and more than 1,500 m deep. The entire canyon
27、is extremely beautiful, containing towering buttes, mesas, and valleys within its main gorge. A spectacular section of the canyon, together with plateau areas on either side of it, are preserved as the Grand Canyon National Park, which receives about four million visitors a year. The Grand Canyon cu
28、ts steeply through and arid plateau region that lies between about 1,500 and 2,700 m above sea level. This region, although lacking year-round streams in recent years, is sharply eroded, showing such characteristic forms as buttes; it is interspersed with old lava flows, hills composed of volcanic d
29、ebris, and intrusions of igneous rock. The plateau area has a general downward slope to the southwest and in its upper reaches is sparsely covered with such evergreens as juniper and pion. Parts of the northern rim of the canyon are foresteD Vegetation in the depths of the valley consists principall
30、y of such desert plants as agave and Spanish bayonet. In general the entire canyon area has little soil. The climate of the plateau region above the canyon is severe, with extremes of both heat and colD The canyon floor also becomes extremely hot in summer, but seldom experiences frost in the winter
31、time. The Grand Canyon has been sculpted in general by the downward cutting of the Colorado River, which flows through the canyons lowest portions. Other factors have also played a part. The Kaibab Plateau, which forms the northern rim of the canyon, is about 365 m higher than the Coconino Plateau,
32、which forms the southern rim. Water from the northern side has flowed into the canyon, forming tributary valleys, while the streams of the southern plateau flow away in a southerly direction without carving valleys in the canyon walls. The underlying rock beds also have a southwestern slant, with th
33、e result that groundwater from the north finds its way into the canyon , but water from the south does not. In the entire canyon region, the rocks have been broken by jointing and faulting, and fractures in the rocks resulting from these processes have contributed to the rapid erosion of the gorge.
34、The Grand Canyon is of relatively recent origin; apparently the river began its work of erosion about six million years ago. Coupled with the downward cutting of the river has been a general rising or upwarping of the Colorado Plateau, which has added its effect to the action of the river. Although
35、the canyon itself is of comparatively recent origin, the rocks exposed in its walls are not. Most of the strata were originally deposited as marine sediment, indicating that for long periods of time the canyon area was the floor of a shallow seA In a typical section of the canyon, toward its eastern
36、 end, nine separate rock layers can be seen, piled vertically like a stack of pancakes. Beneath these layers, at the bottom of the canyon, are the most ancient rocks of all, Precambrian schists and gneisses, from half a billion to a billion years old. 11 Which of the following is true of the first p
37、aragraph? （ A） The Grand Canyon National Park consists of the whole canyon. （ B） The Grand Canyon National Park covers a part of the canyon and plateau areas on both sides of it. （ C） The most impressive part of the canyon is just beside the Grand Canyon National Park. （ D） The Grand Canyon National
38、 Park contains towering buttes, mesas and the whole valleys. 12 Where does the desert plant agave grow in the Grand Canyon? （ A） It grows on the towering buttes. （ B） It grows on the mesas. （ C） It grows on the plateau. （ D） It grows in the depths of the valley. 13 Why does the groundwater from the
39、north finds its way into the canyon, but the water from the south doesnt? （ A） Because there are fractures in the rocks in the south. （ B） Because the southwest part of the underlying rock beds are a bit lower than those in the opposite direction. （ C） Because the pressure of the upper streams force
40、s the water to flow in from the north and flow away from the south. （ D） The reason is not mentioned in the passage. 14 What does the author mean by saying that the Grand Canyon is of relatively recent origin? （ A） The river almost completed its work of erosion only about six million years ago. （ B）
41、 The Colorado Plateau only rose a comparatively short time from now. （ C） Volcanic debris and intrusions of igneous rock are of recent origin. （ D） The form of the canyon is the result of the recent work done by the natural force. 15 According to the passage, where can the oldest rocks be found? （ A
42、） Near Precambrian schists. （ B） Below Precambrian schists. （ C） At the bottom of the canyon. （ D） In the strata deposited as marine sediment. 15 Tourism Enriched Campaign 旅游致富运动 “Tourism enriches individuals, families, communities and all the worlD “ This is a central, simple but straight-forward m
43、essage of the new awareness campaign with which the World Tourism Organization (WTO) wants to raise awareness of the positive impacts tourism can have on life, culture and economy, in shourt on society at all levels. The “Tourism Enriches“ campaign was launched at the First World Conference on Touri
44、sm Communications (TOURCOM) end of January in MadriD “This is the first time WTO has aimed a campaign at the general public,“ said WTO Secretary-General Mr.Francesco Frangialli. “It is a simple, upbeat idea and a simple beginning, but ultimately the campaign is intended to be developed and used by t
45、he tourism industry, especially ministries in our member countries, as they see fit. “ The initiative came from the WTO Members last year and was discussed at the 15th Session of the General Assembly in Beijing, China, last October. “Governments have been putting a higher priority on tourism in the
46、time of recent crises,“ stressed Mr. Frangialli, explaining that this resulted in recognition of tourism as the most prospective activity, important for environmental, cultural and social awareness, pursuit of peace and international cooperation recognition and in particular of its ability to allevi
47、ate poverty through the creation of small and medium sized tourism businesses and the creation of new jobs. “That same recognition has taken place at the highest level in the General Assembly of the United Nations, which unanimously agreed on December 23rd to make the WTO its newest specialized agen
48、cy. “We are calling upon governments to implement this importance of tourism in practice and invest more funds in tourism development and communications,“ said the Secretary-General. “The success of Tourism Enriches also depends in part on its diffusion in the media, so we are inviting them to becom
49、e the third member in the already established public-private partnership in intemational tourism. “ The aims of “Tourism Enriches“ campaign are to promote tourism as a basic human right and way of life, to stimulate communication about the benefits of tourism as the most prospective economic activity for the local communities and countries, to enhance cooperation between destinations and the tourism industry with the local, regional and international media and to link individual touri
