1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides ha
2、ve been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which
3、they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been
4、found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds and in man himself. For these chemicals are now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child.
5、 All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals
6、 created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is thei
7、r enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the o
8、xidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. 2 The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independent
9、ly by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he
10、 might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that marc
11、h side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together un
12、til the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the birds, the tree
13、s, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by many necessities. So it is not surpris
14、ing that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England“, because it cannot be an accident
15、that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture the culture of Queen Victoria in England. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 40年前，黄河人海口曾经是鸟类的乐园。后来，随着黄河三角洲地区河水水量的减少以及人为的开垦，这里的湿地面积减少了，来访鸟儿的数量也减少了。 近年来，黄河三角洲湿地生态系统明显改善。现在，每年都有近百万只鸟到这里越冬栖
16、息，它们中有许多是世界珍稀种类。黄河三角洲湿地保护只是中国在保护湿地方面的一个成功例子。它反映中国在保护湿地 方面取得了很大成效。 中国现已建立 353个湿地自然保护区。湿地自然保护区的建立还保护了中国大江大河的源头，主要河流人海口，以及候鸟繁殖和越冬栖息地。 目前，湿地保护仍然是中国生态建设中的一个薄弱环节。中国政府将采取有力措施制止掠夺性开发湿地资源的行为，以保证湿地资源的可持续利用。 4 全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，使社会主义中国发展和富强起来，为人类进步事业做出更大贡献，这是我们党必须勇敢担负起来的历史任务。完成这个任务，必须紧紧依靠全党和全国各族人民的团结。 团结就是力
17、量，团结就是胜利。我们党和我国人民经历了艰难曲折，积累了丰富经验，愈益成熟起来。面对很不安宁的世界，面对艰巨繁重的任务，全党同志一定要增强忧患意识，居安思危，清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战，清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险，倍加顾全大局，倍加珍视团结，倍加维护稳定。 全党同志和全国各族人民，紧密团结在党中央周围，万众一心，奋发图强，把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进，共同创造我们的幸福生活和美好未来 ! 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 11答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 现在人类的每一个成员，从妊娠之初到
18、寿终正寝，都在被迫接触危险的化学制品，在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20年的时间里，杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用，结果弄得到处都是。各大水系大都含有这种杀虫剂，就连看不见的在地下流动的暗流里也能找到。这些化学制品可能是 10多年前施用的，但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物，并停留在其体内，使得做动物实验的科 学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。已经发现这种化学制品存在于偏僻山间、湖泊里的鱼身上，存在于松土的蚯蚓身上，存在于鸟蛋里地 甚至存在于人身上。因为现在绝大多数人，不论年龄，体内都存有这种化学制品。母
19、亲的乳汁里也有，未出世的婴儿的组织里可能也有。 这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展，这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。在研制用于化学战的制剂的过程中，发现实验室里产生的某些化学品具有杀虫的作用。这也不是偶然发现的：为研制杀人制 剂而进行的化学实验中曾广泛地使用昆虫。结果是各种合成杀虫剂似乎层出不穷。 新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。它们的能量很大，不但能释放毒性，还能进入肌体内最重要的过程，并使之发生有害的，而且往往是致命的变化。就这样，我们将会看到，它们能破坏酶，而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害；它们能阻碍氧化
20、作用，而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉；它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用；它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化，最终导致癌变。 2 【正确答案】 自然选择进化论在十九世纪五十年代分 别由两个人提出。一位是查尔斯 ?达尔文，另一位是艾尔弗雷德 ?塞尔 ?华莱士。这两个人当然都具有一定的科学背景，但实际上他们都是博物学家。达尔文曾在爱丁堡大学攻读医学两年，后来他的父亲，一个有钱的医生，建议他当牧师，并送他上剑桥大学。华莱士家境贫寒， 14岁辍学，后来在给一位测量员当学徒和当小学老师时，他曾在伦敦和莱斯特的工人学院听课。 事实上，关于人类的进化有两种长期形成的解释方法共存。一种是对世界的自然结
21、构进行分析。另一种是对生命的过程进行研究，研究其微妙处，研究其多样性，研究个体和物种从生到死起伏不定 的周期。这两种方法直到进化论出现时才合二为一，这是因为在那以前关于生命存在着一种自相矛盾的现象无法解决，甚至无从解决。 这种自相矛盾的现象使得生命科学与自然科学具有实质性的区别。这种现象存在于自然界的细微之处，无处不在。在我们周围的鸟、树、草、蜗牛身上，在任何生物身上，都可以看到这种现象。情况是这样的。生命的表现形式，它表现出来的样子，它的外貌如此千差万别，可见它们必定包含着很大的偶然性。而生命的本质又是如此一致，因此它又必定受到许多必然性的制约。 由此看来，我们所了解的生物学始于十八、十九
22、世纪的博物学家也就不足为奇了。这些博物学家包括在乡间注意观察的人、观鸟者、牧师、医生、乡间宅院里的有闲人士。我禁不住要把他们简单地称为 “维多利亚时代的英国绅士 ”，因为两位先生生活在同一时代，从属于同一种文化 维多利亚女王时代的英国文化 分别认识了进化论 , 这不可能是偶然的。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 【正确答案】 Forty years ago, the area around the Yellow River estuary was a heaven for birds. With the lessening volu
23、me of river water and land reclamation in the delta area, however, wetland coverage here has been greatly reduced, so has the number of birds visiting the area. In recent years, the ecological system of the Yellow River Delta wetland has significantly improved. Every year nearly 1 million birds esca
24、pe the winter and stay here, among which many are rare species in the world. Conservation of the Yellow River Delta wetland is only one successful example of Chinas wetland protection effort. It indicates that great strides has been made in this field. Up to now, China has built 353 wetland natural
25、preservation zones. The establishment of these zones has also protected headstreams of Chinas big rivers, estuaries of main rivers and migratory birds breeding places and winter-escape habitats. At present, wetland protection still remains to be a weak link in Chinas overall ecological improvement.
26、The Chinese government will take effective measures to stop activities of predatory exploitation of wetland resources to guarantee their sustainable utilization. 4 【正确答案】 To build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, accelerate the socialist modernization, make socialist China a stro
27、nger and more prosperous country, and contribute still more to the cause of human progress this is a historical mission our Party must boldly take on. The fulfillment of this mission inevitably depends on the solidarity of the Party and that of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. Solidarity mea
28、ns strength; solidarity means victory. After going through all the hardships and setbacks, our Party and people have gained rich experience and become increasingly mature. In the face of a world that is far from being tranquil and the formidable tasks before us, all Party members must enhance the se
29、nse of urgency and think of danger in times of peace. We must be keenly aware of the rigorous challenges brought about by the increasingly sharp international competition as well as risks and difficulties that may arise on our road ahead. We must bear in mind the overall interests of our Party all t
30、he more deeply, cherish the solidarity all the more dearly and safeguard stability all the more firmly. All Party comrades and the people of all ethnic groups of the country will rally closely around the Party Central Committee and work with one heart and one mind in a joint and unyielding effort to advance the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and create a happier life and a better future for us all.
