1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about. With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at
2、 markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here. “ With a bit of luck, you can make $ 350 on a day like this,“ Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermens cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,“ he said, t
3、he equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work. But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “ mother boat“ equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for t
4、he remainder of the fish to move into the rivers main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets. A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to w
5、orrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad. In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring
6、countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations. “The i
7、ndustrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the local fishermens union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and th
8、en move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing. “ 2 Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions improves the well-being of bot
9、h parties. U. S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage“. Heres a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it
10、s more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time. By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the
11、 routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits. That, anyway, has always be
12、en the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower-wage country also captures the advanced industry? If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U. S. purchasing power. “
13、Free trade is not always a win-win situation,“ Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States. If Amer
14、ica trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower wages will begin dragging down U. S. average wages. The U. S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 改革开放 30多年来，中国发生了巨大变化。从 1979年到 2
15、004年，中国经济年均增长 9 4，居民消费水平年均提高 7，进出口贸易额年均递增 16 7。2004年，中国国内生产总值达到 16494亿美元；进出口贸易额达到 11548亿美元。我们初步建立了社会主义市场经济体制，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。 同时，中国人口多、底子薄，发展很不平衡，人口资源环境压力日益突出，在前进的征途上仍面临着很多困难和挑战。中国国内生产总值 总量虽然不小，但人均国内生产总值仍排在世界 100位之后，尤其是还有近 2600万农村贫困人口和 2200多万领取最低生活保障金的城镇贫困人口。中国要实现现代化
16、，还需要长期艰苦奋斗。 在经济全球化趋势深入发展的新形势下，如何立足中国的实际，抓住机遇，应对挑战，继续实现经济社会持续、快速、协调、健康发展，是我们高度重视的重大战略问题。经过多年探索和实践，我们已经找到了一条符合自己国情、顺应时代潮流、体现人民意愿的发展道路，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。今后，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路阔步前进。 4 非政府组织是一种独立于政府的非营利性群众组织，包括慈善团体、志愿者组织和其它社会团体。它们从事不同的工作，如扶贫、环保和各种社会服务。近年来，非政府组织在中国迅速发展，在社会生活中起着越来越大的作用。专家估计，目前全国大约有 300万个非政府组织。 李先生是
17、广东省一家非政府组织 “广州青年志愿者协会 ”的领导人。加入协会后的5年中，他提供了 4000多小时的志愿服务。他参加的志愿活动包括关怀街头露宿者，照顾孤寡老人，帮助孤残儿童，发起为贫困地区捐赠等。在参加志愿活动的过程中，他由一个性格内向的人变成了一 个活跃的社会活动家。李先生的志愿者协会属于公益型非政府组织。公益型组织是中国非政府组织的重要组成部分。 专家认为，非政府组织在中国全面建设小康，构建和谐社会中可起积极作用。它们有助于解决中国当前面临的一系列紧迫的社会问题，如缓解就业压力，协调各方利益，维护社会稳定等。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 16答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory
18、 Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 旱 季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。 “要是运气不错，赶上今天这种情况，就能挣 350美元， ”劳鲁 .苏扎 .阿尔梅达说道。他是当地渔民合作社的一位负责人。他一边兴高采烈地说着，一边摆好了架式准备干活。他说： “对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。 ”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只 “母船 ”，
19、备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。船 员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 亚马逊河在世界上是物产丰富的标志，但它现在正经受一场过量捕鱼的危机。随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。但是，这方面 的努力虽日见成效，却促使那些为商业目的而捕鱼的机构以及附近一
20、些不大守规矩的农民加紧进行掠夺。 “那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境。 ”当地的渔业工会主席说道。 “他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。 ” 2 【正确答案】 自从经济学家李嘉图于 1817年提出基本理论以来，经济学方面的经典著作都说自由贸易免除关税、限额和补贴，也没有政府的其它小动作，因此会增加双方的利益。美国的政策是不 遗余力地实行这一理论。为什么说自由贸易可以使大家普遍受益呢 ?这可以在所谓 “相对优势 ”的理论中找到答案。 打个简单的比方，假如一位外科医生，既擅长动手术，又
21、会做常规的验血工作，要取得较好的效益，就应让她集中精力做手术，同时雇一个能力较差的技术员去搞化验，因为这样就能让这位外科医生最有效地利用自己的时间。 引申而言，虽然美国既擅长发明高级的生物技术，又精于日常的药品生产，明智的做法还是把药品生产从美国转移至生产费用更低的国家。这样，美国人就可以一方面因廉价产品获利，一方面把自己的资源用来从事更有 价值的事业。这一向就是讨论问题的前提。但是现在萨缪尔森却提出了不同的看法。如果低工资国家也掌握了先进的产业，怎么办 ? 据他估计，假如把过多的美国工人失去的较高工资的工作包到国外去，美国从廉价商品的获益不见得能补偿它购买力下降造成的损失。 萨缪尔森断言：
22、“自由贸易并不总是一种双赢的局面。 ”他说，当今世界这个问题尤其突出。因为像印度和中国这样的大国，它们的工资低得多，可是他们的能力又在不断提高，美国能生产的产品，他们几乎都能生产，美国能提供的服务，他们也几乎都能够提供。 假如美国与这些国 家进行自由贸易，它们低得多的工资产生的巨大影响就会把美国的平均工资往下拉。据他推算，美国的经济仍然会增长，不过比应有的增长速度要低。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 【正确答案】 The past over-30 years of reform and opening up have brough
23、t about tremendous changes in China. From 1979 to 2004, on annual average, the Chinese economy grew by 9. 4 percent, consumption by 7 percent, and imports and exports by 16. 7 percent. In 2004, the countrys GDP topped US $ 1. 6494 trillion. Total import and export volume reached $1. 1548 trillion. W
24、e have basically established a socialist market economy. Our productivity and overall national strength are constantly growing, various social undertakings are flourishing and the historic leap in the peoples livelihood from a subsistence level to moderate prosperity is realized on the whole. Howeve
25、r, China still faces many problems and challenges on the road ahead posed by a large population, a weak economic foundation and uneven development, as well as the mounting pressure arising from population, resources and the environment. Despite the huge amount of its GDP, the country still trails be
26、hind the 100th in the world in terms of per-capita GDP. In particular, there are about 26 million rural residents in poverty and 22 million urban residents still living on minimum subsistence allowances. It still calls for long-term painstaking efforts before China achieves modernization. Under the
27、new circumstances of accelerated economic globalization, a major strategic issue demanding our close attention is how to maintain sustained, rapid, coordinated and sound economic and social development by adapting to Chinas reality, seizing opportunities and coping with challenges. After years of ex
28、ploration and practice, we have found a path to development that conforms to our countrys reality and the trend of our times and reflects the wishes of the people. This is the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will stride forward unswervingly along this road. 4 【正确答案】 Non-g
29、overnmental organizations(NGOs)are non-profit mass organizations independent from the government. They include charity organizations, volunteer groups and other societies that are engaged in various activities, such as poverty relief, environmental protection and social services. NGOs have witnessed
30、 rapid development in China in recent years, playing an increasingly big role in social life. Experts estimate that there are about 3 million NGOs in China. Mr. Li is the head of the Guangzhou Youth Volunteer Association, an NGO in Guangdong Province. During the five years after he joined it, he put
31、 in over 4,000 hours to provide volunteer services. He has taken part in a variety of volunteer activities, including caring for the homeless, looking after lonely seniors, helping orphans and disabled children, and campaigning for donations to help poverty-stricken areas. In the process of his volu
32、nteer work, he has gone from an introvert person to a busy social activist. His volunteer association is a kind of public welfare NGO which constitutes an important part of Chinas total NGOs. Experts believe that NGOs could play a positive role in Chinas effort to build a comparatively prosperous and harmonious society. They may help solve a series of pressing social problems that the country currently faces, such as easing the pressure of unemployment, coordinating the interests of different social sectors and maintaining social stability.
