1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Some of the most popular attractions across America are the many free concerts offered to the public throughout the year. These involve not only amateur performers, but professional artists as well. The public parks of many cities ac
2、ross the country usually have bandstands and large lawns. As a service to citizens, they rent out space to performers free of charge. Amateur groups, with nothing more than a desire to perform, offer their talents freely to the public. Semi, professional artists are pleased to get the chance to perf
3、orm before the public to perfect their craft and nurture the hope of being discovered before beginning a professional career. Famous professionals also give free concerts to make contact with their admiring fans. Often such concerts are sponsored by a large corporate organization and offered to the
4、public free of charge as a cultural service and support for the arts. The free concerts feature all kinds of music from rock and roll, jazz, country-western to the classics. In addition, free performances may include the plays of Shakespeare or experimental theater of modem dramatists. In New Yorks
5、Central Park there has long been a summer Shakespeare festival which draws huge crowds to the free performances. Of these concerts the ones held on a summer evening in the park are the most popular. They take on a festive air. Friends and groups gather together after work and spread out a blanket on
6、 the lawn facing the performers stage. The early comers get the best locations and enjoy a picnic supper while it is still daylight. The free seating is on a first come basis. Therefore, by the time the concert begins, as many as five thousand or more people may be in attendance. The concerts usuall
7、y begin at 8 p. m. and are performed under the stars. The sound is made sufficiently loud SO that no matter where one chooses to sit, he Can hear very well. The only disturbance may be the sound of an overhead airplane on its final approach to an airport or the far-off siren(警笛声 )of all ambulance on
8、 its way to the hospital. This matters little! What counts is to soak up the atmosphere created by the music and to be with friends in the flesh open air. The best part of it all is that its free ! 2 Students who want to enter the University of Montreals Athletic Complex need more man just a convent
9、ional ID cardtheir identities must be proved genuine by an electronic hand scanner. In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be verified. And soon, customers at some Japanese banks will have to present their faces for
10、 scanning before they can enter the building and withdraw their money. All of these are applications of biometrics, a fast-growing technology that involves the use of physical or biological characteristic to identify individuals. In use for more than a decade at some high security government institu
11、tions in the United States and Canada, biometrics is rapidly popping up in the everyday world. Biometric security systems operate by storing a digitized record of some unique human feature. When a user wishes to enter or use the facility, the system scans the persons corresponding characteristics an
12、d attempts to match them against those on record. Systems using fingerprints, hands, voices, eyes, and faces are already on the market. Others using typing patterns and even body smells are in various stages of development. Fingerprints scanners are currently the most widely used type of biometric a
13、pplication, thanks to their growing use over the last 20 years by law-enforcement agencies. Sixteen American states now use biometric fingerprint verification systems to check that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. Politicians in Toronto have voted to do the same, with a testing project
14、beginning next year. Not surprisingly, biometrics raises difficult questions about privacy and the potential for abuse. Some worry that governments and industry will be tempted to use the technology to monitor individual behavior. “ If someone used your fingerprints to match your health-insurance re
15、cords with credit-card record showing that you regularly bought lots of cigarettes and fatty foods,“ says one policy analyst, “ you would see your insurance payments go through the roof. “ In Toronto, critics of the welfare fingerprint plan complained that it would force people to submit to a proced
16、ure widely identified with criminals. Nevertheless, support for biometrics is growing in Toronto as it is in many other communities. In all increasingly crowded and complicated world, biometrics may well be a technology whose time has come. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 科学是关于自然的知识总体
17、，它代表了人类的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。科学并不是什么新东西，在有文字记载的历史以前，当人们最初发现了在他们周围反复出现的各种关系时，就有了科学的开端。通过对这些关系的仔细观察，人们开始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人们还发现他们能够做出预测，从而在某种程度上控制他们周围的环境。 科学家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面杂乱无序中寻求规律的人。他们具有一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能把一切科学发现都归因于能力和耐心，科学 发现常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关。的确，想象里的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。他们非常重视城实，主要是因
18、为诚实对他们至关重要。他们提出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样他们积累了极其大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了解自己及周围的世界。 4 今天， AlmaAta宣言的目标比起 25年前反而离实现更为遥远了。深刻的经济不平等和社会不公正继续拒绝给许 多人提供良好的健康，继续扮演全球持续性健康受益的障碍。全世界的国家间及国家内部在健康成就的步伐上和等级上仍有巨大的差异。一个可能的解释是开始于 20世纪 80年代作为世界银行结构性调整计划一部分的健康部门的改革还没有显示出改进不
19、平等的结果；在某些情况下，它们反而让这些不平等更为严重了。 现在我们面临健康研究中的四大挑战：道德价值、公平和美德、可持续的健康研究体系、良好的研究环境及知识的产生和应用。为了应对挑战，保健体系和健康研究体系两者应向一个学习的和解决问题的模式推进，把创新包括进运作之中，更好地掌握 未来发展的机遇。没有效果明显的锦囊妙计，没有简单的解决方法，只是有许多事情要去学习。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 22答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 在美国，有些最吸引人的场所就是常年提供给大众的免费音乐会。这些音乐会的演员不仅包括业余
20、表演者，还包括专业演员。国家的许多城市的公共公园通常会有演奏台或者草坪。作为服务市民的机构，他们免费把场地租给表演者。怀着对表演的渴望的心情，业余表演组会把他们的才能自由地 展现给大众。那些半专业演员很高兴有机会在大众面前表演。通过表演，他们希望熟练自己的技能，也希望自己能够在成为一名专业演员之前被有识之士发现。著名的专业演员希望通过免费表演与自己忠实的崇拜者接触。通常情况下，这样的音乐会都是为艺术服务，由大公司赞助并免费为大众表演的。 人们在免费的音乐会上能欣赏到所有种类的音乐，从摇滚乐、爵士乐和西方乡村音乐到各种经典音乐。另外，免费表演还可能包含莎士比亚的戏剧或者是现代剧作家的戏剧。在纽约
21、的中央公园，一直都有夏季莎士比亚戏剧节，它吸引了大群人过来免费观看。 在所有的音乐会当中，在夏天夜晚举行的音乐会最受欢迎。这些音乐会具有喜庆的气氛。一群群朋友下班后聚在一起，在面对表演舞台的草坪上铺上地毯。早到的人们占据了最好的位置，趁天还亮的时候在那里享受野餐的快乐。免费座位是先到先得的。当音乐会开始的时候，五千或者更多的人都过来了。音乐会通常在晚上八点开始，演员在繁星下演出。音响效果很好，不管人们在哪里就坐，都能听得一清二楚。唯一的干扰声可能就是头顶上的飞往飞机场的飞机声或者是去往医院的救护车的警笛声。这没什么大不了的 !重要的是能够沉浸在音乐的气氛中并且与朋友一起享受户外 的新鲜空气。最
22、关键的是这是免费的 ! 2 【正确答案】 想进入到蒙特利尔大学的体育综合建筑楼的同学不仅需要出示一张普通的身份卡 他们身份的真实性还需要由一个电子扫描仪来证明；在一些加利福尼亚的居民区，想进门光靠一把钥匙是不行的，还需要验证他或她的声音；不久以后，在日本的一些银行里，顾客们在进人大楼取钱之前必须把自己的脸扫描一下。 所有这些情况都是生物鉴定学的应用。它是一种把物理和生物特性结合到一起应用来验证个人身份的快速发展的技术。在美国和加拿大的一些高安全政府机构里，生物鉴定学已经发挥 了十多年的作用，如今，它正在迅速地出现在日常生活当中。 生物安全系统通过存储人类的某一个独特的特点的数字化记录起作用。当
23、用户希望进入或者使用这个工具的时候，系统就会把这个人的相应的特点扫描下来，然后努力把人与记录匹配起来。通过识别指纹、手、声音、眼睛和脸的系统现已上市。其他的通过打字模式，甚至是体味识别的系统还在不同程度地发展着。 现如今，生物鉴定应用最广泛的就是指纹扫描机，这是由于在过去的 20年里，它在法律执行机构里应用得越来越多。如今，美国的 16个州用生物指纹确认系统来检查要求福利报酬的 人是否真实。多伦多的政治家已经选举通过了效仿这种方法，明年将开启测试工程。 生物鉴定学会有个人秘密被滥用的潜在危险，这也是不足为奇的事情。有人担心政府和工业部门会用这种技术来监测个人行为。 “如果有人用你的指纹去和你的
24、健康保险记录匹配，信用卡记录表明你经常买大量的烟和含脂肪的食物， ”一个保险单分析家说， “你就会发现你的保险支付额将冲破天价。 ”在多伦多，福利指纹计划的评论家抱怨说，这会强迫人们像罪犯一样履行同样的程序。 不管怎么样，像许多其它团体一样，在多伦多支持生物鉴定学的人数正在增加。在这个日益拥挤和复杂的世界，生物鉴定学技术的时代可能已经到来。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 【正确答案】 Science is the integral set of knowledge about nature, which embodies the
25、common efforts, visions, research fruits and wisdom of the human. Science is never a new thing and derives from the early recorded history when humans first found repetitive phenomemons and relationships existing a-round them. By careful observation, they became to understand nature; and because of
26、the predictability of the nature, they found they could make some predictions in order to enable the control over their surroundings at some degree. Scientists are those people that strive to penetrate into nature, sorting order in seeming disor-derliness. They are with a unique talent to think and
27、analyze, and with boundless patience in making observations and collecting data. But ability and patience alone do not make all the scientific discoveries, which generally need much creative imagination. In effect, a flash of imagination is often the first step towards discovery. Scientists are also
28、 famed for their honesty. They value honesty largely because it is essential to their career. All the theories they are to establish will subject to the further testing. Every error or false is bound to be pointed out sooner or later. So if any evidence is found to contradict their views, scientists
29、 should not hide the evidence but rectify or even abandon their views. In this way they have accumulated an immense body of knowledge, which helps us to understand ourselves and the world around us better. 4 【正确答案】 Nowadays, the goals of Alma-Ata seem even more distant than they were a quarter of a
30、century ago. Deep economic inequalities and social injustices continue to deny good health to many and persist as obstacles to continued health gains worldwide. There is also great variation in the pace and level of health achievements both between and within countries around the world. One possible
31、 explanation is that health sector reforms that began in the late 1980s as part of the structural adjustment programmes of the World Bank have not been conclusively shown to improve inequities; in some cases they may have worsened them. We now confront with four key challenges for health research: v
32、alues of ethics, equity and excellence, sustainable health research systems, favorable research environment, and knowledge production and application. To rise to the challenge, health systems and health research together should move into a learning and problem-solving mode, integrate innovation into their operations and better manage opportunities for future growth and development. There are no quick fixes, no simple solutions and much remains to be learnt.
