1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials
2、 for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public off
3、icials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and man hims
4、elf. Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolera
5、nt of the larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing
6、 pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable facts. It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do
7、so only when in full possession of the facts. In the words of Jean Rostand, “The obligation to endure gives us the right to know.“ SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 A 17-year U. S. study has finally answered one of the most pressing questions about diabetes: Can tight control of blood sug
8、ar prevent heart attacks and strokes? The answer, reported Thursday in The New England Journal of Medicine, is yes. Intense control can reduce the risk by nearly half. And, the study found, the effect occurred even though the patients had only had a relatively brief period of intense blood sugar con
9、trol when they were young adults. None the less, more than a decade later, when they reached middle age, when heart disease and strokes normally start to appear, they were protected. The study involved those with Type 1 diabetes, which usually arises early in life and involves the death of insulin-s
10、ecreting cells. The question of whether rigid blood sugar control protects against heart disease and strokes has divided the field for decades, diabetes researchers said. “Its really a major question that has been around for a long time,“ said Dr. Judith Fradkin, who directs diabetes research at the
11、 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Researchers knew that diabetes was linked to heart disease at least two-thirds of diabetics die of heart disease. But although studies showed that controlling blood sugar protects against damage to the eyes, kidneys and nerves, there
12、 was no conclusive evidence that it would have the same effect on heart disease and strokes. “In that sense, this is a landmark study,“ said Fradkin. But the result also gives rise to questions: Does the same effect occur in people with Type 2 diabetes, which usually occurs later in life and involve
13、s an inability to respond to insulin? And why would tight control of blood sugar for one brief period have such a pronounced effect later? Fradkin said she expected the results would hold for Type 2 diabetes. Another large U. S. federal study is addressing that question, she notes, but it is already
14、 known that tight control of blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes protects against nerve, kidney and eye damage, just as it does with Type 1 diabetes. In addition, a study in Britain hinted although it did not demonstrate that Type 2 diabetics who keep their blood sugar low have less heart disease and str
15、okes. Fradkin said she hoped the emerging evidence and improving therapies would make a difference. 3 Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: when will I be b
16、lown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and sweat. He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest
17、of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed, love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacr
18、ifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeat in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion. He writes not of the heart but of the glands. Until he relearns these things he will write as
19、 though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying eveni
20、ng, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul,
21、 a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poets, the writers duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the
22、 glory of his past. The poets voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 作为短期项目,中国已经开始中等距离地将黄河水引到大城市里去。但是中国政府还有更大的计划,作为一个长期战略性项目,它将发起一个 庞大工程,南水北调工程。这个项目由三条路线组成,东线、中线和西线,将分别从长江的上游、中
23、游和下游调水以满足华北和西北地区对水的需求。这项工程投资 5000亿元 (600亿美元 ),调水量将达 380-480亿立方米,相当于长江年水流量的 5%。 这项工程 2002年在东线 715英里,中线 774英里的距离上已经展开,预计到2010年完工,花费大约为 1800亿元 (220亿美元 ),届时这两条线路将调水 160亿立方米甚至更多。花费最大的西线至今还停留在制图版上。以 2000年价格计算,世界银行估计该工程的投资、运行和维护 费用平均大约为每立方米两元。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 众所周知,鸟无翅膀不能飞,人无双腿不
24、能走。但对尹小星而言,鸟无翅膀不能飞,人无双腿却能走 ! 1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星,出生仅 8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命,他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾,初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重,他贩过水果,养过鸡,还下工夫学习过中医。 在他 21岁的时候,这个年轻人 竞怀揣一幅地图,手持一个指南针,摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。 近 12年来小星手摇轮椅,足迹遍布 31个省、市、自治区,行程 7万多公里,用坏了 4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等 20多座名山,孤身翻越海拔 5231米的唐古拉山,手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路,穿越
25、塔克拉玛干 (Taklimakan)大沙漠,徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔,圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。 6 长城是世界一大奇迹。现在,每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季,几处 最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。 中国人修筑城墙的历史久远,可以追溯到战国时期。历史上,中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中,明长城最长,达到 6700公里。在当时,中国技术在世界上处于领先地位,因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。 清朝建立后,由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族,他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过,清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护,禁止拆砖。但是,岁月的
26、流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。 十几年来,蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前,多处长城已经 修复,或正在修缮中。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 我并不主张化学杀虫剂绝对不能使用。但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的乎中,他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。我们迫使众多的人接触这些毒药,并未征得他们的同意,而且他们往往并不知道。如果说人权宣言没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害,无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自官员,那肯定只
27、是因为我们 的祖先虽然具有远见卓识,却不可能想到这类问题。 我还认为,我们容许使用这些化学毒药,却并未调查或很少调查它们对土壤、水、野生动物和人类本身有什么影响。我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整性,我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的。 于这究竟是怎样一种危害,人们的认识仍然极为有限。当今是专家时代,每一位专家只看到自己的问题,认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴,而他面临的问题只是其中的一部分。当今也是工业主宰一切的时代,人们有权为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价,却很少有人过问。公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用 杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满,就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸,使他们镇静下
28、来。我们急需结束这些虚假的宽心话,结束这种给难以接受的事实裹糖衣的作法。治虫者设置的这些风险是要由公众来承担的。因此公众必须作出决定,是否愿意在现在这条路上走下去,而要这样做,就必须充分掌握真实的情况。用让 ?罗斯丹的话来说: “一定要让我们忍受,我们就有知情权。 ” 【试题解析】 1 I do contend that we have pot poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their pot
29、entials for harm. 但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的手中,他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句可译成两个句子。翻译形容词短语 largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm时,增加 “他们 ”作主语,形容词 ignorant转译成动词 “不了解 ”,这部分泽成 “他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力 ”。 indiscriminate指 “不分青红皂白的,不加选择的,不受限制的 ”。 2 We have subject
30、ed enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons. without their consent and often without their knowledge. 我们迫使众多 的人接触这些毒药,并未征得他们的同意,而且他们往往并不知道。 分析 理解表达采分点。 在翻译介词短语 without their consent时,要增加动词 “征得 ”。介词短语 often without their knowledge译成一个分句 “他们往往并不知道 ”, without sb.s knowledge指在某人不知情的情况下。
31、knowledge要转译为动词。 “知道 ”。 subject.to.指 “使 遭受到 ” 。 subject,这里应选择其 “使 ”的含义。 3 If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their consi
32、derable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. 如果说人权宣言没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害,无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自官员,那肯定只是因为我们的祖先虽然具有远见卓识,却不可能想到这类问题。 分析 理解表达采分点及基本素质采分点。 Bill of Rights权利法案是美国宪法前十条修正案。 lethal指 “致命的,致死的 ”。介词短语 despite their considerable wisdom and foresight作为插入语,用来进一步解释说明先人 的特点。因此翻译时应将其放在转折之前
33、。即 “即使他们具有远见卓识,他们也想象不到 ” 。 considerable意为 “相当可观的,相当大的 ”,在句中修饰 wisdom and foresight,可以翻译成 “大智慧和远见卓识 ”。短语 conceive of sth. 意思是 “想到某事 ”。 4 Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. 如果我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整性,我们的后
34、代是不会宽恕我们的。 分析 理解表达采分点。 原句可以通过断句及增译的方法翻译成一个条件句。 Future generations are unlikely to condone是句子的主要部分,译成主句 “我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的 ”,宾语及定语从句 our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life翻译成条件分句,增加主语,名词 concern转译成动词。 condone指 “宽恕,赦免 ”。 5 This is an era of specialists, e
35、ach of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. 当今是专家时代,每一位专家只看到自己的问题,认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴,而他面临的问题只是其中的一部 分。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句是一个非限定性定语从句, which指代的是前面所提及的 larger frame,从句单独翻译成一句话。 it 所指的就是前面句子中的 “his own problem”。因此这句话应该这样理解,即这些专家们只看到自己领域内的问题,而这些问题实际上
36、是属于一个更大的范畴之内的。 6 It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. 当今也是工业主宰一切的时代,人们有权为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价,却很少有人过问。 分析 理解表达采分点。 at cost指 “以 的价格或成本 ”。 at whatever cost指 “不惜任何代价 ”。此句是一个非限制性定语从句, which后面所跟成分解释说明这一工业时代的特点,即人们有权利去不惜任何代价赚取金钱,并且这一权利
37、 is seldom challenged,很少被人质疑和挑战。 challenge可以翻译成 “质疑,过问 ”。 7 When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. 公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满,就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸,使他们镇静下来。 分析 理解表达采分点。 p
38、rotest指 “抗 议,不满 ”; tranquilize指 “宁静,安静 ”, tranquilizing pills译成“镇静剂 ”。在这里比喻政府的安抚政策,即 (政府 )会给公众一些半真半假的解释,就如同那些镇静药片一样,从而起到镇静和安抚作用。 8 In the words of Jean Rostand, “The obligation to endure gives us the right to know.“用让 ?罗斯丹的话来说: “一定要让我们忍受,我们就有知情权。 ” 分析 理解表达采分点。 right to know译成 “知情权 ”。 obligation to e
39、ndure指 “忍受或忍耐的义务 ”,即如果要公众履行其沉默或忍受的义务,那么必须给他们知情权。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 美国一项进行了 17年的研究为糖尿病亟需解决的问题之一找到了答案。这个问题就是:严格控制血糖能不能预防心脏病发作和中风 ? 据周四新英格兰医学杂志报道,答案是肯定的。严格控制血糖几乎可以使发病的危险减半。 研究发现,即或病人年 轻时只对血糖严密控制过一段较短的时间,也会有效果的。 十多年后,他们人到中年,心脏病和中风通常开始出现,这时他们就会受到保护。这项研究的相关病人患有 1型糖尿病,这种病往
40、往在年纪不大时就会发生,是分泌胰岛素的细胞死亡造成的。 糖尿病研究人员指出,严格控制血糖是否能防止心脏病发作和中风的问题,在糖尿病研究领域一直存在着互相对立的看法,已有数十年之久。 “这的确是一个重大问题,困扰我们已经很久了。 ”朱迪思 ?福莱德金博士说道。她在全国糖尿病、消化及肾脏疾病研究所主持糖尿病方面的研究。 研究人 员早就知道,糖尿病与心脏病有联系 糖尿病患者至少有三分之二死于心脏病。然而,尽管早有研究结果表明控制血糖可以防止眼睛、肾脏和神经受损,却一直没有充分的证据证明控制血糖对防止心脏病和中风也能起同样的作用。 “就这一方面而言,这是一项具有里程碑意义的研究, ”福莱德金说道。 但
41、这项研究成果也引起了一些问题: 2型糖尿病患者通常在年纪较大时发病,而且不能对胰岛素作出反映,对于这样的病人,也能产生同样的疗效吗 ?为什么在一段不长的时间里严格控制血糖,会在日后产生深远影响 ? 福莱德金说,她预期这项 研究结果将同样适用于 2型糖尿病。她说,美国另外一项大规模的国家级研究项目正在解决这一问题。现已查明,严格控制血糖对 2型糖尿病的作用和对 l型糖尿病的作用相同,能防止神经、肾脏和眼睛受到损伤。此外,英国进行的一项研究已经露出迹象 虽然没有公开表示 表明 2型糖尿病患者,凡是保持血糖低的,患心脏病和中风的可能性就小。 福莱德金说,她希望随着新证据的出现和医疗方法的改进,情况将
42、有所变化。 【试题解析】 1 A 17-year U. S. study has finally answered one of the most pressing questions about diabetes: Can tight control of blood sugar prevent heart attacks and strokes? 美国一项进行了 17年的研究为糖尿病亟需解决的问题之一找到了答案。这个问题就是:严格控制血糖能不能预防心脏病发作和中风 ? 分析 理解表达采分点。 句子主语 a 17-year U.S. study中的 U.S. 在翻译时可以换位,译成 “美国一
43、项进行了 17年的研究 ”。为 了使上下文更通顺,可以增加 “这个问题就是 ”。 2 The study inv01ved those with Type 1 diabetes, which usually arises early in life and involves the death of insulin-secreting ceils. 这项研究的相关病人患有 l型糖尿病,这种病往往在年纪不大时就会发生,是分泌胰岛素的细胞死亡造成的。 分析 理解结构采分点。 The study involved those with Type 1 diabetes译成独立句子 “这项研究的相关病人
44、患有 1型糖尿病 ”,把 those的意思要译出 “病人 ”。 early in life不能直译成 “一生的早期 ”,实际上,它指的是前面的 young adults“年轻的时候 ”。 involve在这里不指 “包含 ”,应译成 “造成 ”。 3 The question of whether rigid blood sugar control protects against heart disease and strokes has divided the field for decades, diabetes researchers said. 研究人员指出,严格控制血糖是否能防止心
45、脏病发作和中风的问题,在糖尿病研究领域一直存在着互相对立的看法,已有数十年之久。 分析 理解表达采分点。 在翻译动宾短语 divide the field时,要增词 “糖尿病研究 ”。 divide指的是该研究领域的学者对研究的分歧,所以可以译成 “存在着相互对立的看法或分歧 ”。 4 “Its really a major question that has been around for a long time,“ said Dr. Judith Fradkin, who directs diabetes research at the National Institute of Diab
46、etes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “这的确是一个重大问题,困扰我们已经很久了。 ”朱迪思 ?福莱德金博士说道。她在全国糖尿病、消化及肾脏疾病研究所主持糖尿病方面的研究。 分析 理解表达采分点。 major指 “主要的 ”,这里译成 “重大的 ”。 has been around指 “围绕 ”,但前面正提到的问题是难题,所以翻成 “困扰 ”为宜。 5 But although studies showed that controlling blood sugar protects against damage to the eyes, kidneys
47、 and nerves, there was no conclusive evidence that it would have the same effect on heart disease and strokes. 然而,尽管早有研究结果表明控制血糖可以防止眼睛、肾脏和神经受损,却一直没有充分的证据证明控制血糖对防止心脏病和中风也能起同样的作用。 分析 选词用词采分点。 增词翻译 studies,译成 “研究结果 ”。 conclusive指 “结论性的,无可质疑的 ”,这里最好译成 “充分的 ”。 6 Fradkin said she expected the results woul
48、d hold for Type 2 diabetes. 福莱德金说,她预期这项研究结果将同样适用于 2型糖尿病。 分析 选词用词采分点。 hold指 “适用,可控制 ”。 7 In addition, a study in Britain hinted although it did not demonstrate that Type 2 diabetics who keep their blood sugar low have less heart disease and strokes. 此外,英国进行的一项研究已经露出迹象 虽然没有公开表示 表明 2型糖尿病患者,凡是保持血糖低的,患心
49、脏病和中风的可能性就小。 分析 选词用词采分点。 demonstrate指 “演示 ”,但这里指的是 “公开表示,声称 ”。 3 【正确答案】 我们今天的悲剧是一种普遍共有、无所不在的生理恐惧,长期忍受这种生理恐惧现已使我们不堪承受。精神上的问题已不存在,唯有一个问题:我何时会被炸得粉身碎骨 ?因此,当今从事写作的青年男女已经忘记了还存在着人类内心自我冲突的问题,而只有这些问题能够成就好的作品,只是因为它值得一写,值得付出艰辛的努力。 他必须重新认识这些问题,必须使自己明白最可 鄙莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己明白,要永远忘却恐惧,只允许内心亘古不变的真理在自己的工作室里留有容身之地。这些亘古不变的普遍真理就是爱情、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情和牺牲。缺少了这些真理,任何小说都只能昙花一现,注定失败。做不到这一点,他付出的努力就得不到认同。他写的不是爱情而是情欲。他写的失败中无人失去可贵之物,他写的胜利毫无希望,甚至没有怜悯或同情。他写的不是心灵而是器官。 在重新明白这些问题之前,他写作时就犹如身处人类末日目送末日的来临。我不接受人类末日的观点。可以很