[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷7及答案与解析.doc

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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969 and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging in

2、tellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so. There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last 20 years:

3、 the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician

4、trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The

5、Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways: powerf

6、ul and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed mos

7、t with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modem and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the unde

8、rlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely b

9、y minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 If Asian policy makers have a grand vision, it is that someday people from Japan and China to Malaysia and Myanmar wil

10、l pay for groceries using the same currency. The idea of a single East Asian currency will be debated this week at the Asian Development Banks annual meeting in the South Korean resort island of Jeju, where a European Central Bank board member, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, will share with Asian finance m

11、inisters “lessons“ from a 50-year journey that has led to 12 European nations sharing the euro. Should the countries of East Asia aim for their own “Asian dollar“? The rationale for a single currency is simple. For exporters in one Asian country selling to importers in another, being bald in Asian d

12、ollars would mean their profits were protected no matter what happened to the U. S. currency. Consumers would benefit from easier price comparisons, and travelers would save money by not having to change their currency from country to country. East Asia is home to a third of the worlds population an

13、d is its fastest-growing region. The World Bank estimates that East Asian economies will collectively expand 6.3 percent this year. The regions central banks hold $ 2 trillion of foreign currency reserves, which, if pooled, would make an Asian dollar a tough target for currency speculators to pull d

14、own. A single East Asian currency would require an accord similar to the European Unions Stability and Growth pact, which would require governments to live within their means a tall order for countries such as the Philippines that are plagued by chronic budget deficits. Monetary cooperation could ev

15、entually lead to a single currency. Still, if East Asia wants to follow Europe, it must speed up efforts for freer movement of goods and people across national boundaries. Then will come the painful part: trying to get Asian states to accept a unifying agency along the lines of the European Central

16、Bank. The Asian dollar may not be here soon. But to say it will never arrive is to underestimate the power of progress. 3 At the invitation of President George W. Bush, I will be attending and actively participating in the Group of Eight meeting this week in Sea Island, Georgia. The G-8 nations have

17、 rightly identified African development, AIDS, global peace and security, private sector-led growth and the alleviation of poverty through greater trade as the essential issues concerning the world and Africa in particular. I agree with this assessment. But this year I come to the G-8 .meeting to co

18、nvey a new sense of urgency in our collective work. On Thursday, I plan to support five tangible proposals for the G-8 that I deem globally urgent, highly practical and wholly feasible, with results that will be quickly measurable. We must identify and reduce the unintentional waste of foreign aid t

19、hat happens through poor procedures, duplication and flawed management. We must initiate a “counter-brain drain.“ For decades, developing countries have been educating and training highly skilled individuals and managers, who systematically leave their countries the countries that so desperately nee

20、d them and become absorbed in the economies of developed countries. We should begin to issue “business passports“ based on the economic activities of individuals, not on citizenship or nationality. We need to endorse and organize a world conference for Islamic-Christian dialogue within the next six

21、months. We can remove corruption, while increasing efficiency at the same time. The allocation of resources to our nations today takes a painfully long time. But the handicap of delays can be avoided. The president of the World Bank, James Wofensohn, once said that an African country that expresses

22、the need to realize a project a road, for example has to wait at least five years. Five years is too long. In Africa, we die waiting. I am not attending the G- 8 meeting in search of funding or handouts, but to propose and support what we need most dynamic ideas that can be implemented without delay

23、. I start with these five. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 中国政府高度重视人口与发展问题,将人口与发展问题作为国民经济和社会发展总体规划的重要组成部分列入议事日程,始终强调人口增长与经济社会发展相适应,与资源利用和环境保护相协调。二十世纪九十年代以来,中央政府每年召开一次关于人口与发展问题的座谈会,研究分析重大问题,制定重大决策和措施。国家组织、协调有关部门和群众团体共同实施人口与计划生育方案,将计划生育与发展经济、消除贫困、保护生态环境、合理利用资源、普及文化教育、发展卫生事业、完善社会保障、提高妇女地

24、位等紧密结合起来,努力从根本上解决中国的人口与发展问题。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦 (Albert Einstein)出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲,一位工程师,对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过,是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针,促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次 “思想试验 ”:玩具中的针为什么总是指向北 ? 爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他是那个科学独 领风骚的世纪的著名科学家。那个时代的一些标志性科研成果,如

25、原子弹、量子物理学以及电子学,无不带有他的烙印。即使现在,科学家们仍为广义相对论表现出的胆识所折服。他们认为他的思想已超出了科学范围,影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 7答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 人类的进程一书的提纲初稿是 1969年 7月完成的,影片的最后一部分是 1972年 12月拍摄的。像这样大的一个项目,虽然异常 精彩,令人激动,却并不是轻易上马的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力,专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒,并从中得到乐趣;比方说,我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作;

26、我 还应当说明一下,究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 二十年来,科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化:关注的焦点已经从自然科学转移到生命科学。结果,便把科学越来越吸引到个体特性的研究。然而相关的观察者几乎没有认识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。我是一个研究数学的人,早先学的是物理学,若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学,我也不会对它有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运,是它使我在一生中参与了两个创新的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢,我编写了人类的进程一书,以表示我的感激之情。 英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程,以与克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节

27、目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好处:它有力、直观,能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程,它的语言亲切,能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。这些优点之中,我认为最后一点最为突出,它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从 个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体,尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的,而是由人的思想构成的,自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想,必须表现出它们很早就已产生,而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中,产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的

28、贡献:种种发现都是人们通过实践完成的,而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物,因此它们都是有生气的,而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体,那岂不是浪 费 ! 【试题解析】 1 It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I

29、 ought to explain what moved me to do so. 它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力,专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒,并从中得到乐趣;比方说,我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作;我还应当说明一下,究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个复合句,而译文则分译成了两句话。把 which引导的定语从句单独分出来,作下一句中的一个分句。使用增词法,在名词 pleasure增补动词 “得到 ”; a total immersion增补为 “专心致志地投入工作 ”。 2 temper倾向、趋势 分析 理解结构采分点。 temper倾向、趋势: t

30、he temper of modern French arts现代法国的艺术倾向。 3 from the physical to the life sciences从自然科学转移到生命科学 分析 理解结构采分点。 从 life science(生命科学 )可以猜测出 physical science是与生命科学相对的 “自然科学 ”。 physical除了含有 “物质的、身体的、物理的 ”之意外,还有 “自然规律的 ”的意思: It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的。 4 As a

31、mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. 我是一个研究数学的人,早先学的是物理学,若不是中 年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学,我也不会对它有所认识。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文中开头的一个介词短语 As a mathematician trained in physics在译文中被译成了两个分句 “我是一个研究数学的人,早先学的是物理学 ”。从句是虚

32、拟语气的倒装形式,关键是要把虚拟语气 “若不是 也不会 ”翻译出来。 5 Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not

33、 events but the actions of people通过电视来进行解说有几大好处:它有力、直观,能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程 ,它的语言亲切,能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个简单句。原则上译文还是一个长句子。但在翻译过程中要对原句的主要成分形容词性短语进行处理。本句的主干句为 Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways,可以译为 “通过电视来进行解说有几大好处 ”。但它后面的形容词性短语 powerful , able , conver

34、sational 虽然不是完整的句子,但译文中要改变原有 的结构,增加主语,形容词 powerful,conversational要转换词性,译成动词。 6 admirable极好的 分析 用词选词采分点。 望文生义是翻译的一大忌讳,因此要根据不同的语境选择不同的词义。看到admirable首先想到的意思是 “令人钦佩的 ”,这个意思放在原文中似乎也无大 错,但仔细琢磨,会觉不妥,它的另一个意思 “极好的 ”正是原文要表达的意思。 7 it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the

35、 form of television essays它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。 分析 用词选词采分点。 本句的关键是对一些词或短语的理解与翻译。在翻译句中的weighwith( 对 有影响 )时,如果译成 “它在 方面对我有很大影响 ”,则没有把原句要表达的深层含义译出。原句中的 “影响 ”的程度实际上是一种极大的推动力,因此,译文 “它是一股最大的动力促使 ” 更好。 cast系统阐述 : He cast his work in the form of a chart他把他的工作以图表的形式作系统说明。biography(对某人或对某动物

36、、货币或建筑等 )形成、成长和衰亡的记载 (或历史 ):the biography of the area这个地区的沧桑史。 8 The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models重要的是知识总体,尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的,而是由人的思想构成的,自有知识开始直到现

37、代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。 分析 用词选词采分点。 point指 “要点 ”,但如翻译成 “要点是 ” ,就不如 “重要的是 ”更符合汉语习惯。介词短语 in general前用的是 knowledge而 in particular前则是 science,由knowledge(知识 )一词推断, science应该译成 “科学知识 ”而不是 “科学 ”。 9 Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man f

38、rom his basic and specific faculties所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想,必须表现出它们很早就已产生,而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中,产生于人 类基本的、具体的感官之中。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句为定语从句,从句部分修饰主语,在译文中可保持原有结构,即译成 “所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想 ”。原句的谓语动词是被动式,应翻译成主动式“必须表现出 ”。动词后面的不定式和 infrom 介词短语要翻译成一个主语后带三个并列动词的形式,即 “它们很早就已产生,而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中,产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。 ” 10 And the dev

39、elopment of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献:种种发现都是人们通过实践完成的,而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物,因此它们都是有生气的, 而且具有个人的

40、特色。 分析 用词选词采分点。 本句的动词 must be seen to的翻译方法同上一句。翻译 human(人类的 )时要根据上下文的意思选出合适的表达方式。 human后的句子一直在谈论 “发现 ”是如何如何与人类有关,可见,人对科学的发展作出了巨大贡献,因此 human译成 “人类的贡献 ”较为合适。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 如果亚洲的决策者眼光远大,就会预见总有一天日本人、中国人、 马来西亚人、缅甸人都用同一种货币来购买生活用品。 关于东亚单一货币这一想法,本周在韩国避暑胜地济州岛举行的亚洲开发银行年会上

41、将加以讨论。欧洲中央银行董事托马索 ?帕多阿一什奥帕将出席会议,与亚洲各国财长一起探讨欧洲十二个国家为共享欧元而走过的五十年的历程。 东亚各国是否应该致力于自己的 “亚元 ”呢 ? 使用单一货币,其道理很简单。如果一个亚洲国家的出口商将货物卖给另一国家的进口商而用亚元结算,那就意味着无论美国的货币发生什么问题,这些商人的利润都是得到保护的。消费者可以因便于作价格比较而得 到好处。旅行者也可以因不必将一国货币换成另一国货币而省钱。 世界人口的三分之一生活在东亚,东亚也是亚洲发展最快的地区。据世界银行预测,东亚各经济体作为一个整体今年将增长 6.3个百分点。这一地区的中央银行共掌握两万亿美元外汇储

42、备,如果集中使用,便可产生强大的亚元,这样的亚元是货币投机者无法击垮的。 实行东亚单一货币,就需要遵守与 “欧盟稳定与发展公约 ”相类似的协议,这就要求各国政府量入为出,有些国家如菲律宾就很难做到这一点,因为他们历来都为财政赤字所困扰。 货币方面的合作最终是能导致单一 货币的。不过假如东亚要走欧洲的路,它还必须大力加快实现货物和人员更为自由的跨国流动。随后便是一段痛苦的经历:设法使有关国家接受像欧洲央行那样的统一指挥机构。 亚元不会很快出现。但是,如果说亚元永远不会到来,就太低估社会进步的力量了。 【试题解析】 1 If Asian policy makers have a grand Vis

43、ion, it is that someday people from Japan and China to Malaysia and Myanmar will pay for groceries using the same currency. 如果亚洲的决策者眼光远大,就会预见总有一天日本人、中国人、马来西亚人、缅甸人都用同一种货币来购买生活用品。 分析 理解表达采分点及基本素质采分点。 it is that不能直译成 “那就是 ”,根据前面提到的 a grand vision,可以知道,有眼光的人或目光远大的人能预见将来的事情,所以译成 “预见 ”较合适。 Malaysia,马来西亚;

44、Myanmar,缅甸,即 Burma。 2 The idea of a single East Asian currency will be debated this week at the Asian Development Banks annual meeting in the South Korean resort island of Jeju, where a European Central Bank board member, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, will share with Asian finance ministers “lessons“ from

45、 a 50-year journey that has led to 12 European nations sharing the euro. 关于东亚单一货币这一想法,本周在韩国避暑胜地济州岛举行的亚洲开发银行年会上将加以讨论。欧洲中央银行董事托马索 ?帕多阿一什奥帕将出席会议,与亚洲各国财长一起探讨欧洲十二个国家为共享欧元而走过的五十年的历程。 分析 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 本段是一个复合长句,在翻译时要按照逻辑关系将其进行断句翻译,分成两个句子。主句 “The idea of a single East Asian currency will be debated this

46、week at the Asian Development Banks annual meeting in the South Korean resort island of Jeju,”单独翻成一句: “关于东亚单一货币这一想法,本周在韩国避暑胜地济州岛举行的亚洲开发银行年会上将加以讨论 ”。 where引导的从句再译成一个独立的句子。在翻译 “share with”时,不能直接译成 “与 分享 ”,根据上下文判断, “欧洲中央银行董事托马索 ?帕多阿一什奥帕 ”和 “亚洲各国财长 ”一起去做某事。所以首先增词翻译成 “欧洲中央银行董事托马索 ?帕多阿一什奥帕将出席会议 ”。因为一般会议的内

47、容除了发言就是讨论,所以,把 share翻译成 “探讨,讨论 ”更合适。“lessons”一词最好从广义的角度翻译,因为这一句是在讨论为欧元所经历的五十年,既然是 “几十年 ”,那么,其中应该有经验和教训,所以用 “历程 ”一词表达更合适。 3 East Asia is home to a third of the worlds population and is its fastest-growing region.世界人口三分之一生活在东亚,东亚也是亚洲发展最快的地区。 分析 )理解表达采分点。 这个句子译成两个小分句,第二个分句由 “东亚 ”做主语。 home一词不译成名词,可以译成动词

48、 “居住 ”来代替本句系动词。 4 The regions central banks hold $2 trillion of foreign currency reserves, which, if pooled, would make an Asian dollar a tough target for currency speculators to pull down. 这一地区的中央银行共掌握二万亿美元外汇储备,如果集中使用,便可产生强大的亚元,这样的亚元是货币投机者无法击垮的。 分析 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 短语 currency speculators to pull d

49、own可以增加主语,翻译成一个单独的句子,即 “这样的亚元是货币投机者无法击垮的 ”。 pool指 “合伙经营,集中 (金钱,力量等 )”,在这里翻译成主动动词形式,即 “集中使用 ”。 5 A single East Asian currency would require an accord similar to the European Unions Stability and Growth pact, which would require governments to live within their means a tall order for countries such as the Philippines that are plagued by chronic budget deficits. 实行东亚单一货币,就需要遵守与 “欧盟稳定与发展公约 ”相类似的协议,这就要求各国政府量入为出,有些国家如菲律宾就很难做到这一点,因为他们历来都为财政赤字所困扰

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