1、考博英语模拟试卷 111及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 “No Tobacco Day“ is the day when the world Health Organization _ to people to stop using tobacco products. （ A） asks （ B） applies （ C） appeals （ D） urges 2 Sometimes the 3-year-old child has trouble _ fact from fiction. （ A） separating （ B） to separat
2、e （ C） having separated （ D） for separating 3 All the parts of this washing machine are _, so that it is very convenient to replace any of them. （ A） normalized （ B） mechanized （ C） modernized （ D） standardized 4 She was _ as she had not been invited to the opening ceremony. （ A） hurt （ B） injured （
3、 C） harmed （ D） spoiled 5 Sick _ she is, she goes to work as usual. （ A） though （ B） since （ C） for （ D） as 6 Hardly _ when a loud explosion was heard. （ A） the train had started （ B） the train had been started （ C） had the train started （ D） did the train start 7 It seems that he never knows how to
4、 speak in a _ way. （ A） respectful （ B） respectable （ C） respective （ D） respected 8 The research institute has recruited 25 university graduates _ in science. （ A） majored （ B） majoring （ C） having majored （ D） have majored 9 No one hopes that he will _ his usefulness. （ A） retain （ B） keep （ C） pr
5、olong （ D） survive 10 I _ that he is too young to he promoted. （ A） object （ B） disagree （ C） disapprove （ D） dislike 11 All the students in this university are requested to comply with the regulations. （ A） required （ B） demanded （ C） ordered （ D） expected 12 Experts say walking is one of the best
6、ways for a person to remain healthy. （ A） stay （ B） preserve （ C） maintain （ D） reserve 13 Their attempts to evade taxes turned out to be futile. （ A） intentions （ B） ideas （ C） opinions （ D） efforts 14 As soon as he was confronted with the evidence, he confessed his guilt. （ A） showed （ B） admitted
7、 （ C） told （ D） claimed 15 He is a well-trained musician who can perceive very small differences in sound. （ A） appreciate （ B） understand （ C） conceive （ D） find 16 She values the boy as if he were her own son. （ A） weighs （ B） treats （ C） considers （ D） cherishes 17 He demanded that effective meas
8、ures be taken to put an end to cheating in exams. （ A） hoped （ B） urged （ C） persuaded （ D） convinced 18 She believed that she was born to be a film star. （ A） meant （ B） supposed （ C） intended （ D） hoped 19 Some individuals have applied “positive thinking“ either to particular external circumstance
9、s or to some particular habits or character defects. （ A） used. for. for （ B） employed. upon. upon （ C） adapted. to. to （ D） suited. to. to 20 He is confronted with the moral dilemma of whether to steal a drug he cant afford so that he can save his wifes life. （ A） met （ B） baffled （ C） faced （ D） s
10、queezed 二、 Grammar 21 Switzerland is (best) known for its (majesty) mountain range and (thousands) flock to the Alps each year to take advantage of (their) ideal skiing conditions. （ A） best （ B） majesty （ C） thousands （ D） their 22 (Police) were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up (by shooting
11、) down protesters and it was in (this) chaos that the seeds of political liberation were (sown). （ A） Police （ B） by shooting （ C） this （ D） sown 23 Even today, (through) the (hustle and bustle) of Nevsky Prospect, St. Petersburgs main street, the (classical) beauty of the city (mesmerizes) the eye.
12、 （ A） through （ B） hustle and bustle （ C） classical （ D） mesmerizes 24 She is (furious of) her sons grades in school, (which) explains why Mark is jealous (of) Julias high marks (on) the exam. （ A） furious of （ B） which （ C） of （ D） on 25 Smog-choked Southern California (demands) them. Its a car for
13、 people who never want to go to (a) gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling (gas-less) machines has been a (hard-sell). （ A） demands （ B） a （ C） gas-less （ D） hard-sell 26 People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in (what) it is that gives you these (fish) their l
14、ong (life-span). Of course, it (hasnt done) a lot of good for these carp. （ A） what （ B） fish （ C） life-span （ D） hasnt done 27 In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people (usually strive) for their maximum personal ability rating, (when) they (are challenged) but can be victorious, rather t
15、han merely (surmounting the mediocre). （ A） usually strive （ B） when （ C） are challenged （ D） surmounting the mediocre 28 In proposing (such philanthropic donations), the director of the company certainly spoke (from) a genuine concern (for the needy) and not (any desire) for personal accolades. （ A
16、） such philanthropic donations （ B） from （ C） for the needy （ D） any desire 29 The armor, infantry and (other military forces) (were held up) by (the enemy counter attack), thus (caused) the delay in the advance. （ A） other military forces （ B） were held up （ C） the enemy counter attack （ D） caused
17、30 (Just as) children the world over (like) Christmas morning, (adults so like) Christmas evening when (peace and calm) return to the household. （ A） Just as （ B） like （ C） adults so like （ D） peace and calm 31 _ that the earth was flat? （ A） Used it to be thought （ B） Did it used to be thought （ C）
18、 Was it used to being thought （ D） Does it used to be thought 32 It is most inappropriate _ in the college VIP lounge. （ A） for any students to be there （ B） for there to be any students （ C） to be any students there （ D） to have there any students 33 She _ much more accurate responses now, had she
19、taken more pains in devising the questions. （ A） got （ B） would have got （ C） had got （ D） would be getting 34 An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, _. （ A） whether they are future physicists or chemists （ B） be they future physicists or chemists （
20、 C） they are future physicists or chemists （ D） they should be future physicists or chemists 35 The general opinion is that he is _ to complain. （ A） so much a milquetoast （ B） too a milquetoast （ C） too much of a milquetoast （ D） so much of a milquetoast 36 Although of course there are exceptions,
21、it seems reasonably clear that in certain countries Rwanda, Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind hunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage _ a policy decision or the political .situation. （ A） than of （ B） rather than （ C） but the result of （ D） than is 37 The ozone lay
22、er plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as _ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams. （ A） do （ B） does （ C） play （ D） are 38 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was _ last week. （ A） to be started （ B） to
23、have started （ C） to have been starting （ D） start 39 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _ its grammatical structure. （ A） the same as （ B） and so are （ C） as did （ D） and so were 40 Alt
24、hough money is always useful, it isnt all _. （ A） what there is to life （ B） to which there is in life （ C） there is to life （ D） that is in life 三、 Cloze 40 One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production capital. The ownership of large amoun
25、ts of capital can bring【 41】 profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,【 42】have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of【 43】 that they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of【 44】 amounts of capital is no
26、 longer the only or even the most important【 45】 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as【 46】 capital brings profits and influence. There are many【 47】 with the thesis above, not the least of【 48】 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits an
27、d influence, but this does not【 49】 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the【 50】 of some new industries indicates.【 51】 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have【 52】 many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In【 53】 with criticism of the post
28、industrial society thesis, however, it must also be【 54】 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e., major corporations) soon【 55】 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingl
29、y【 56】 . Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service【 57】 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the【 58】 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter
30、how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe【 59】 for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and【 60】 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor. （ A） quantitative （ B） extensive （ C） compr
31、ehensive （ D） sophisticated （ A） moreover （ B） however （ C） therefore （ D） nevertheless （ A） aggression （ B） proficiency （ C） productivity （ D） evolution （ A） dominant （ B） impressive （ C） magnificent （ D） significant （ A） source （ B） factor （ C） component （ D） element （ A） adequate （ B） profitable
32、（ C） material （ D） spiritual （ A） advantages （ B） consequences （ C） problems （ D） potentials （ A） them （ B） those （ C） which （ D） that. （ A） deny （ B） refuse （ C） admit （ D） acknowledge （ A） emergence （ B） innovation （ C） extinction （ D） discovery （ A） In addition （ B） For example （ C） Above all （ D
33、） In short （ A） produced （ B） created （ C） improved （ D） facilitated （ A） line （ B） need （ C） doubt （ D） match （ A） idealized （ B） recognized （ C） supervised （ D） summarized （ A） stepped in （ B） settled down （ C） leaned over （ D） turned out （ A） accessible （ B） important （ C） popular （ D） abundant （
34、 A） enterprises （ B） employment （ C） professions （ D） industries （ A） control （ B） mastery （ C） search （ D） pursuit （ A） handicap （ B） penalty （ C） inconvenience （ D） shortcoming （ A） enforce （ B） punish （ C） confine （ D） condemn 四、 Reading Comprehension 60 Let us assume, for the moment, that labor
35、is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures
36、the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter.
37、 In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is n
38、ot a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that. Unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor
39、will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be accepted to deal with the more general case. Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rathe
40、r than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor
41、 to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves. M
42、oreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinatel
43、y refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of la
44、bor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom far from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis. 61 “Labor is not prepared m work for a lower mon
45、ey-wage“. The sentence means _. （ A） a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor （ B） a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor （ C） the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wage （ D） the demand of labor is for reduction i
46、n the value of real wages 62 The classical school refers to _. （ A） those scholars with traditional ideas （ B） the traditional school （ C） the experts who hold to the standard （ D） all of the above 63 According to the author, the supply curve fop labor depends on the _. （ A） real money wages （ B） mo
47、vement of price （ C） function of money-wages （ D） both A and B 64 “Their“ method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realize that _. （ A） a fail in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of labor. （ B） a reduction in the exi
48、sting level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor （ C） the supply of labor is not a function of real wages （ D） the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages 65 How does labor usually behave? （ A） Labor would stipulate for money-wages. （ B） Labor would violently resist a r
49、eduction of real wages. （ C） Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages （ D） Labor would stipulate for real wages. 66 The last paragraph of this passage indicates that _. （ A） labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S （ B） labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U.S （ C） neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage
