1、考博英语模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics, somehow encourages _ patriotism. （ A） obsolete （ B） aggressive （ C） harmonious （ D） amiable 2 One can understand others much better by noti
2、ng the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and _ to expressed thoughts. （ A） dilemmas （ B） countenances （ C） concessions （ D） junctions 3 People innately _ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. （ A） strive （ B） ascertain （
3、C） justify （ D） adhere 4 Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife _ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. （ A） conservation （ B） maintenance （ C） storage （ D） reserve
4、5 According to the latest report, consumer confidence _ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. （ A） soared （ B） mutated （ C） plummeted （ D） fluctuated 6 Melissa is a computer _ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. （ A） ge
5、nius （ B） virus （ C） disease （ D） bacteria 7 The _ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools. （ A） negligent （ B） edible （ C） fabulous （ D） disproportionate 8 The boy seemed more _ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived. （ A） reconciled （ B） consol
6、idated （ C） deteriorated （ D） attributed 9 During his two-month stay in China, Tom never _ a chance to practice his Chinese. （ A） passed on （ B） passed up （ C） passed by （ D） passed out 10 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _ can be distributed. （ A） paradoxes （ B） legacies （ C） p
7、latitudes （ D） analogies 二、 Grammar 11 He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. （ A） depict （ B） advocate （ C） criticize （ D） analyze 12 They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family stor
8、y that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. （ A） confirm （ B） achieve （ C） match （ D） exaggerate 13 The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes. （ A） imminent （ B） recyclable （ C） smelly （ D） poisonous 14 British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electora
9、te that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction. （ A） allies （ B） delegates （ C） voters （ D） juries 15 The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our childrens college and our own retirement security is chilling. （ A） frightening （ B） promising （ C） freezing （
10、D） revealing 16 Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown. （ A） secret plan （ B） bold attack （ C） clever design （ D） joint effort 17 Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full
11、range of different theoretical and political positions. （ A） trustworthy （ B） intelligent （ C） diligent （ D） meticulous 18 Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. （ A） intriguing （ B） exasperating （ C） d
12、emonstrative （ D） unprovoked 19 The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest. （ A） illegal （ B） night-time （ C） brutal （ D） abusive 20 Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the l
13、imelight. （ A） mercurial （ B） gallant （ C） ardent （ D） frugal 三、 Cloze 20 Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, 【 C1】_ into a hobby and lately has 【 C2】 _ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates 【 C3】 _ Electri
14、cal Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep 【 C4】 _ of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they 【 C5】 _ that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and 【 C6】 _ . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. During 1
15、994, they 【 C7】 _ yahoo into a customized database designed to 【 C8】 _ the needs of the thousands of users 【 C9】 _ began to use the service through the closely 【 C10】 _ Internet community. They developed customized software to help them 【 C11】 _ locate, identify and edit material 【 C12】 _ on the Int
16、ernet. The name Yahoo is 【 C13】 _ to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle“, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the 【 C14】 _ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first 【 C15】 _ on Yangs workstation, “akebono“, while the search engine was 【 C16】 _ on Filos comput
17、er, “Konishiki“ . In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files 【 C17】 _ to larger computers 【 C18】 _ at Netscape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned to 【 C19】 _ , and both parties benefited. Tod
18、ay, Yahoo 【 C20】 _ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web. 21 【 C1】 _ （ A） became （ B） grew （ C） turn （ D） intend 22 【 C2】 _ （ A） made （ B） saw （ C） looked （ D） turned 23 【 C3】 _ （ A） in （ B） on （ C） about （ D） for 24 【 C4】 _ （ A） touch （ B） contact （ C） track （ D）
19、 record 25 【 C5】 _ （ A） founded （ B） found （ C） argued （ D） reported 26 【 C6】 _ （ A） unwieldy （ B） tough （ C） tamable （ D） invaluable 27 【 C7】 _ （ A） exchanged （ B） shank （ C） sold （ D） convened 28 【 C8】 _ （ A） explain （ B） serve （ C） discover （ D） evaluate 29 【 C9】 _ （ A） which （ B） that （ C） actua
20、lly （ D） eagerly 30 【 C10】 _ （ A） relative （ B） interactive （ C） bound （ D） contacted 31 【 C11】 _ （ A） fluently （ B） efficiently （ C） exactly （ D） actually 32 【 C12】 _ （ A） transmitted （ B） purchased （ C） sold （ D） stored 33 【 C13】 _ （ A） about （ B） bound （ C） going （ D） supposed 34 【 C14】 _ （ A） fa
21、ble （ B） model （ C） name （ D） brand 35 【 C15】 _ （ A） supported （ B） resided （ C） lived （ D） launched 36 【 C16】 _ （ A） connected （ B） lodged （ C） introduced （ D） linked 37 【 C17】 _ （ A） over （ B） away （ C） inside （ D） beneath 38 【 C18】 _ （ A） housed （ B） caught （ C） hosed （ D） hidden 39 【 C19】 _ （ A）
22、 average （ B） normal （ C） ordinary （ D） equal 40 【 C20】 _ （ A） attains （ B） detains （ C） maintains （ D） contains 四、 Reading Comprehension 40 Guthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits. One application of the threshold method involves the time young children sp
23、end on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior pr
24、oblems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. The threshold method also can be applied to teaching prin
25、ting and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students le
26、tters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills. The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplan
27、es and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made Several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not buildi
28、ng airplanes. Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to nm a few more laps after the class has begun. The incompatible response method can be used with
29、students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue
30、for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students. In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each
31、 lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course. 41 The purpose of this passage is to _. （ A） inform （ B） persuade （ C） debate （ D） narrate 42 Guthrie identified three methods for _. （ A） educating students （ B） altering bad habits
32、（ C） avoiding undesired action （ D） forming good hobbies 43 Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? （ A） Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. （ B） Teachers introd
33、uce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored. （ C） Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwr
34、iting. （ D） A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. 44 To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over
35、time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in （ A） The threshold method. （ B） The fatigue method. （ C） The incompatible response method. （ D） The punishment method. 45 We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _. （ A） The incompatible
36、response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted （ B） The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneously （ C）
37、 The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it （ D） The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted response
38、 45 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many compa
39、nies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova“ is La
40、tin for “new(star)“and means “star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova“, meaning “it doesnt go“. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up“ dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food a
41、nd beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant“(for advertising vegetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre“. When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi“ came out implying “C
42、ome Alive from the Grave“. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi. Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translations other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate
43、the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market. For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the
44、camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is
45、to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation“ to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective
46、translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple. They should also avoid
47、 jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. 46 The best title of this passage might be _. （ A） Culture Is Very Important in Advertising （ B） Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations （ C） Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries （ D）
48、 Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47 What does the word “blunder“ mean in this passage? （ A） hesitation （ B） mistake （ C） stutter （ D） default 48 Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? （ A） Cultural shocks （ B） Faulty translatio
49、ns （ C） Avoid cultural oversights （ D） Prevent blunders 49 We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia“ most probably mean _. （ A） an animal used in perfume for its smell （ B） a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals （ C） a flower used in perfume for its fragrance a
