1、考博英语模拟试卷 141及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Called by many critics the greatest achievement of English lyrical poetry, this elegy was written upon the death of a fellow alumnus of Miltons, Edward King, who was drowned in the Irish Sea in 1637. A group of Kings former schoolmates at Cambridge issue
2、d a commemorative volume titled Obsequies to the Memory of Mr. Edward King (1638). It was in this limited publication that Lycidas first appeared. Heretofore, of his great poems only Comus had been published, and that anonymously. Lycidas is not an expression of personal grief ( personal grief was t
3、o be eloquent in Miltons next important poem, the Latin Epitaphium Damonis), but rather a record of the thoughts that Kings death evoked in the poet. King had written verses himself and had prepared himself for the Church. These two facts of the dead mans career form the basis for what Milton had to
4、 say. Outwardly the poem is written in the tradition of pastoral poetry, and more particularly in the tradition of the pastoral elegy as exhibited in the ancient Greek Lament for Bion by Moschus. The poet is spoken of as a shepherd. But Milton introduces the innovation of identifying the Christian i
5、dea of shepherd (pastor) as meaning priest. In a wonderful fusion of pagan and Christian tradition, Milton makes his elegy the occasion for a scathing attack on the corruptions of the clergy in his time, with parenthetical thrusts of scorn at his trivial contemporaries, the Cavalier poets. Samuel Jo
6、hnson, who disliked all pastoral poetry, made the one outstandingly foolish judgment of his career, in dismissing Lycidas as a work of an. He said its “diction is harsh, the rhymes uncertain, and the numbers unpleasing, “-a testimony of the fact that Johnson was deaf to the refinements of English po
7、etry at its subtlest, for Lycidas is an exquisite piece of music from the first line through the last. Moreover, Johnson was upset at the mingling of “trifling fictions“ with “the most awful and sacred truths, such as ought never to be polluted with such irreverent combinations.“ That pronouncement
8、can only mean that Johnson failed to grasp the noble idea at the center of the poem: Miltons definition of the high function of a poet. 1 Samuel Johnson disliked Lycidas because _. （ A） he was deaf （ B） he made a foolish judgment （ C） it was a pastoral poem （ D） he was not a friend of Edward King 2
9、Lycidas first appeared _. （ A） in a thin volume （ B） in 1637 （ C） in a collection of memorial comment （ D） because Edward King drowned 3 Lycidas differed from Comus in that it _. （ A） was signed （ B） was written in Latin （ C） was written in English （ D） contained innovations 4 Lycidas is called an e
10、legy because it _. （ A） is a pastoral poem （ B） has religious overtones （ C） is based on Greek models （ D） praises the memory of a deceased person 5 According to this passage, Milton believed that _. （ A） it was necessary to combine truth and fiction （ B） the clergy of the seventeenth century was co
11、rrupt （ C） Edward King deserved a lyric poem （ D） writing should be published anonymously 5 The oldest adult human skull yet found belongs to the lowest grade of Homo erectus, and to the Australoid line. It is known as Pithecanthropus (Ape-Man) Number 4, because it was the fourth of its kind to be f
12、ound. All four were unearthed in river banks in central Java. Number 4 is about 700,000 years old, and Numbers 1,2, and 3 between 600,000 and 500,000. We know this because tektites-small, glassy nodules from outer space-were found in the same beds as the first three, and the beds containing Number 4
13、 lay underneath the tektite bed, along with the bones of a more ancient group of animals. These tektites have been picked up in large numbers in Java, the Philippines, and Australia, where they all fell in a single celestial shower. Their age-approximately 600,000 years-has been accurately measured
14、in several laboratories by nuclear chemical analysis, through the so-called argon-potassium method. Pithecanthropus Number 4 consists of the back part of a skull and its lower face, palate, and upper teeth. As reconstructed by Weidenreich, it is a brutal-looking skull, with heavy crests behind for p
15、owerful neck muscle attachments, a large palate, and large teeth, as in apes. The brain size of this skull was about 900 cubic centimeters; modern human brains range from about 1,000 to 2,000 cc with an average of about 1,450 cc. The brains of apes and Australopithecines are about 350 to 650 cc. So
16、Pithecanthropus Number 4 was intermediate in brain size between apes and living men. His fragmentary skull was not the only find made in the beds it lay in. Nearby were found the cranial vault of a two-year-old baby, already different from those of living infants, and a piece of chinless adult lower
17、 jaw. Two other jaws have been discovered in the same deposits which were much larger than any in the world certainly belonged to a Homo erectus. They are called Meganthropus (Big Man) and may have belonged to a local kind of Australopithecine, but this is not certain, If so, Homo erectus coexisted
18、with, or overlapped, the Anstralopithecines in Java as well as in South Africa, which implies that man did not originate in either place, but somewhere in between. 6 Tektites are _. （ A） found with the bones of animals （ B） crystalline lumps of a glassy substance （ C） a step in evolution （ D） as old
19、 as Ape-Man Number 4 7 From this passage, we may conclude that Australopithecines are _. （ A） ape-like creatures （ B） inhabitants of Australia （ C） brutal and powerful （ D） smaller than humans 8 Scientists are certain that Pithecanthropus Number 4 is older than Pithecanthropus Numbers 1,2, and 3 bec
20、ause _. （ A） it was discovered later than the others （ B） it was found with tektites （ C） of chemical analysis （ D） it was underneath all the tektites 9 The age of prehistoric fossils can be determined by _. （ A） nuclear chemical analysis （ B） data left with the fossils （ C） reconstructing the skull
21、 （ D） external evidence in the ground in which the fossil is found 10 We may conclude from the data about the brain size of the skulls of Pithecanthropus Numbers 1,2,3 and 4 and modem human brains that _. （ A） modem man is larger （ B） modern man is smaller （ C） modern man is less brutal-looking （ D）
22、 Pithecanthropus Number ls brain size was more than an Australopithecines 10 The drama critic, on the other hand, has no such advantage. He cannot be selective; he must cover everything that is offered for public scrutiny in the principal playhouses of the city where he works. The column space that
23、seemed, yesterday, so pitifully inadequate to contain his comments on Long Days Journey Into Night is roughly the same as that which yawns today for his verdict on the latest scrap of milk-fed Kitsch that has chanced to find for itself a numbskull hacker with a hundred thousand dollars to lose. This
24、 state of affairs may help to explain why the New York theater reviewers are so often, and so unjustly, stigmatized as baleful and destructive fiends. They spend most of their professional lives attempting to pronounce intelligent judgments on plays that have no aspiration to intelligence. It is har
25、dly surprising that they lash out occasionally; in fact, what amazes me about them is that they do not lash out more violently and more frequently. As Shaw said of his fellow-critics in the nineties, they are “a culpably indulgent body of men.“ Imagine the verbal excoriations that would be inflicted
26、 if Lionel Trilling, or someone of comparable eminence, were called on to review five books a month of which three were novelettes composed of criminal confessions. The butchers of Broadway would seem lambs by comparison. 11 In writing this passage, the authors chief concern seems to be to _. （ A） c
27、omment on the poor quality of our plays （ B） show why book reviewing is easier than play reviewing （ C） point up the opinions of Shaw （ D） defend the work of the play critic 12 The passage indicates that the drama critic is _. （ A） inclined to be objective （ B） conditioned by certain requirements of
28、 his column （ C） happy to oblige the backers of plays （ D） mindful of the value of public opinion 13 Tile passage suggests that as a play Long Days Journey into Night was _. （ A） inconsequential （ B） worthwhile （ C） poorly written （ D） long 14 Lionel Trilling is most probably a _. （ A） follower of S
29、haw （ B） drama critic （ C） book reviewer （ D） crime reporter 15 The paragraph previous to this one most probably discusses the _. （ A） work of a book reviewer （ B） characteristics of the reading public （ C） advantages of being a drama critic （ D） costs of play production 15 Rocks which have solidifi
30、ed directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earths crust, but they are generally covered at
31、the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals. Sedimentary rocks are compose
32、d largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are dep
33、osited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid clown in layers called strata. When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical st
34、ate. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are nor
35、mally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life. Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metam
36、orphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate. 16 Which one of the following is a metamorphic rock? （ A）
37、 Granite. （ B） Shale. （ C） Slate. （ D） Limestone. 17 One factor that does not cause a change in rock structure is _. （ A） heat （ B） wind （ C） pressure （ D） solution 18 If a rock formation is stratified, we may assume that it _. （ A） is the result of volcanic action （ B） is crystalline in structure （
38、 C） was built up over a period of years （ D） is metamorphic 19 In a granite quarry, we may expect to find _. （ A） strata （ B） limestone （ C） metamorphic rock （ D） no trace of fossils 20 The person most interested in the ideas found in this passage would most likely be a _. （ A） sculptor （ B） archeol
39、ogist （ C） paleontologist （ D） geologist 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead. （ A） predictor （ B） caution （ C） precaution （ D） prevention 22 Their confidence in him was greatly _ by his prolonged hesitation before taking any action. （ A） appreciated （
40、B） confirmed （ C） undermined （ D） cherished 23 Your headache is likely to _ if its real cause is not identified and proper treatment should be administered accordingly. （ A） cure （ B） recover （ C） recur （ D） release 24 No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been _ to Bach.
41、（ A） identified （ B） associated （ C） referred （ D） attributed 25 Wilson stood dazed in the middle of Times Square, _ of the crowds that surrounded him. （ A） oblivious （ B） capricious （ C） precipitous （ D） ubiquitous 26 In the British theater young people under thirty-five have not had much _ getting
42、 recognition onstage, but offstage-in the ranks of playwrights, directors, designers, administrators-they have mostly been relegated to relative obscurity. （ A） trouble （ B） satisfaction （ C） curiosity about （ D） fear of 27 An institution concerned about its reputation is at the mercy of the actions
43、 of its members, because the misdeeds of individuals are often used to _ the institutions of which they are a part. （ A） coerce （ B） honor （ C） discredit （ D） intimidate 28 Mary could invite her friends to the house at her own _ if she told her mother in time. （ A） prudence （ B） discretion （ C） reac
44、tion （ D） exertion 29 The _ of the undertaking did not discourage the researchers. （ A） intolerance （ B） futility （ C） proximity （ D） reminiscence 30 What he expected was _ applause for his performance, not a polite spattering noise. （ A） morose （ B） prodigious （ C） transient （ D） spontaneous 31 The
45、 day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape. （ A） hid （ B） blurred （ C） relieved （ D） belittled 32 Those who let uncertainty _ rarely achieve much. （ A） turn them down （ B） send them down （ C） weigh them down （ D） take them down 33 The speaker went on and on
46、, _ to his listeners obvious boredom. （ A） obligated （ B） obsessive （ C） obvious （ D） oblivious 34 Such _ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an employer. （ A） advantages （ B） traits （ C） interests （ D） shortcomings 35 An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enrage
47、d by the _ argumentation in commercials. （ A） imperative （ B） fallacious （ C） persuasive （ D） fabulous 36 The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry. （ A） scope （ B） magnitude （ C） dimension （ D） volume 37 We never believ
48、ed that he would resort to _ in order to achieve his goal; we always regarded him as an honest man. （ A） charm （ B） logic （ C） magic （ D） pretexts 38 In his usual _ manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss. （ A） indifferent （ B） pensive （ C） cautious （ D） caustic 39 He should be dism
49、issed for his _ remarks about his immediate superiors. （ A） faultless （ B） indecent （ C） laudatory （ D） belligerent 40 He was _ and ready to conform to the pattern set by his friends. （ A） complacent （ B） compliant （ C） determined （ D） intractable 41 The doctor warned him that his _ nature made him susceptible to a stroke and urged him to curb his temper. （ A） chronic （
