1、考博英语模拟试卷 168及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Analytical and quantitative abilities, problem-solving _ and skill in the use of statistical methods and computers are all developed by studying economics-these place graduates at a considerable advantage on the job market. （ A） aptitude （ B） amplitud
2、e （ C） altitude （ D） multitude 2 He said the _ talks between Britain and America had broken down just before Christmas. （ A） bilateral （ B） binary （ C） biannual （ D） bilingual 3 Even though the Italian authorities may no longer _ any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood of government supp
3、ort for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings. （ A） bail out （ B） draw out （ C） hang out （ D） knock out 4 Another hazard was that bottles sometimes fell off the shelves because of _ from above. （ A） vocation （ B） vibration （ C） ventilation （ D） violation 5 It can cause a hip or wris
4、t _ from a simple fall, and it decreases life expectancy because it is the leading cause of accidental death in people aged forty-five to seventy-four. （ A） fraction （ B） segment （ C） fragment （ D） fracture 6 The figures show evidence that murders in the nations capital are beginning to _ . （ A） was
5、te away （ B） pass out （ C） level off （ D） tie down 7 That will not be enough to keep a girl if the man turns out to be money-minded, career obsessed and _ . （ A） pretentious （ B） prestigious （ C） conscientious （ D） luxurious 8 “Cold-blooded“ means that the core temperature remains close to the _ tem
6、perature “as it rises and falls.“ （ A） amicable （ B） amiable （ C） ambient （ D） ambitious 9 In the US, psychologists at a number of universities are making a serious study of how rumors are born, how they _ and how they can finally be killed off. （ A） congregate （ B） segregate （ C） aggregate （ D） pro
7、pagate 10 Once the novelty of watching TV and videos all day has _, there is nothing to do. （ A） worn away （ B） worn down （ C） worn off （ D） worn out 11 Profitable for 35 _ years, Secom has a 60% share of the domestic market and is also. expanding abroad. （ A） consecutive （ B） periodic （ C） chronolo
8、gical （ D） consequent 12 He had a reputation for being a bit slow-witted but it didnt _ him in the least. （ A） prevented （ B） harness （ C） fluctuate （ D） perturb 13 Studies have shown that smoking is a factor for gastric cancer either by itself, or more _ when in combination with another factor such
9、 as coal dust exposure or the consumption of alcohol. （ A） tentatively （ B） potently （ C） relentlessly （ D） jointly 14 Some days were better; she would _ on the sofa and talk dreamily about their taking a trip to Norway together. （ A） throw up （ B） carve up （ C） clear up （ D） curl up 15 _ nutrition
10、can help to slow the aging process-a balanced, healthy whole food diet is essential. （ A） Transparent （ B） Melancholy （ C） Optimal （ D） Observable 16 Another common _ about older people is that they are too old to learn new skills. （ A） formalities （ B） stereotype （ C） convention （ D） ideal 17 These
11、 notes, which are relevant to international students, are intended to supplement information given in the Guide and should be read _ the appropriate sections on accommodation, applications, entrance requirements, etc. （ A） in comparison with （ B） in conjunction with （ C） in conflict with （ D） in con
12、trast with 18 This door was always kept closed so that the strong odors of tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, and leather goods should not _ into the sweet shop. （ A） penetrate （ B） diffuse （ C） permeate （ D） saturate 19 I dont _ I will take an executive role, but rather become a consultant on merchandise
13、 and marketing. （ A） appraise （ B） fabricate （ C） assess （ D） envisage 20 One of the roles which science plays is that of _ superstition. （ A） cover up （ B） casting out （ C） building up （ D） fence off 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Two travelers engaged in a warm dispute about the color of the Chameleo
14、n. One of them affirmed it was blue, that he had seen it with his own eyes upon the naked branch of a tree, feeding on the air in a very clear day. The other strongly asserted it was green, and that he had viewed it very closely and minutely upon the broad leaf of a fig tree. Both of them were posit
15、ive, and the dispute was rising to a quarrel; but a third person luckily coming by, they agreed to refer the question to his decision. “Gentlemen,“ said the Arbitrator, “You could not have been more lucky in your reference, as I happen to have caught one of them last night; but, indeed, you are both
16、 mistaken, for the creature is totally black.“ “Black, impossible.“ “Nay,“ said the Umpire, with great assurance, “the matter may be soon decided, for I immediately enclosed my Chameleon in a little box, and here it is.“ So saying, he drew it out of his pocket, opened the box, and, lo! It was white
17、as snow. 21 The best lesson that the reader can derive from this fable is _ . （ A） looks are deceiving （ B） never judge a book by its cover （ C） truth changes with time （ D） every yea has its nay 22 The reason the writer selected the Chameleon to illustrate his moral is that the Chameleon _ . （ A） c
18、hanges its color according to its surroundings （ B） can easily be put into a box （ C） is really colorless （ D） is a fabulous monster whose existence has never been proved 23 The quality for which we may justly criticize the Arbitrator is _ . （ A） dishonesty （ B） unwillingness to consider the opinion
19、s of others （ C） lack of insight into the diversity of truth （ D） poor perception of physical qualities 23 Every year as Christmas time rushes in, I get frantic inquiries from readers asking about the legality of giving handguns as gifts. Most of these folks are just like me: they dont get around to
20、 their Christmas shopping until its almost Christmas Eve. So when they run into the legal tangles surrounding firearms transfer, they dont have time to find solutions before Santas big day. The process can be very complicated and time-consuming, and in some particular state and local jurisdictions i
21、t is, sadly, close to being not worth the trouble. The most unfortunate thing from the Christmas-gift point of view is that the legal requirements surrounding firearms transfer make it nearly impossible to give someone a gun as a surprise. Santa cant just leave it under the tree: hed be committing a
22、 federal crime. First lets deal with firearms gift-giving between residents of different states. The crux of the issue is this: legally you cannot just buy a handgun, wrap it up, and send it directly to a friend or relative in another state as a Christmas present. The Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Toba
23、cco, and Firearms hag no holiday spirit at all when it comes to firearms gifts. But there are ways to legally circumvent this general prohibition if you want to take the time and effort. Lets suppose you live in Arizona and want to give a 22 target pistol to your father, who lives in Illinois. The f
24、irst thing you would need to do is contact a licensed gun dealer close to your fathers residence. Find out if the dealer would be willing to process the necessary paperwork to accomplish a legal transfer. If the dealer in Illinois agrees to help, you would wrap up the gun and ship it to the Illinois
25、 dealer. All your father would then have to do is go to the dealer, complete the necessary federal and state forms, go through all the necessary procedures governing handgun transfers, and then-finally-take the gun home. Obviously, all this makes it impossible to surprise your father with a nicely w
26、rapped package under the tree-unless you were planning to be at your dads house for the holidays. Then you could buy the gun in your home state, give it to him as a wrapped present on Christmas morning, and afterward go to the local gun shop with him to get the ownership of the pistol legally transf
27、erred from you to him. Of course, if there is a waiting period involved, your dad would have to twiddle his thumbs through the Second, Third, and Fourth days of Christmas before he could go back and actually pick up the gun. 24 Every year before Christmas the writer of this article _ . （ A） is asked
28、 about the legal solution of firearms transfer （ B） is requested to give handguns as gifts （ C） makes an investigation into handgun transfer （ D） helps readers contact gun dealers 25 As to transfer of a firearm as a gift to someone else, _ . （ A） many states do not have corresponding laws （ B） it co
29、uld hardly be a real surprise （ C） cross state transfer in particular states is impossible （ D） federal government and local authorities are in conflict 26 Handguns are not among the most satisfactory gifts because _ . （ A） they often frighten people （ B） they can make people commit crimes （ C） thei
30、r purchase can be annoyingly complicated and time consuming （ D） they will bring people bad luck 27 Whats the federal governments attitude towards firearms gifts? （ A） Positive. （ B） Discouraging. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） The passage does not say. 28 One thing that the handgun gift recipients have to
31、do is to _ . （ A） choose a favorite gun dealer （ B） contact a licensed gun dealer （ C） complete some necessary forms （ D） take the gun home and leave it under the tree 29 If you want to make it a real surprise to your father with a pistol gift, you must _ . （ A） ask a gun dealer for help （ B） comple
32、te all legal procedures before Christmas （ C） ship the pistol directly to your father （ D） spend the Christmas Day with your father 29 There are many good reasons for great current attention to university-industry relations, but there are troublesome reasons as well. One is that universities are now
33、 unusually hungry. There is nothing wrong with hunger. But a hungry man may cut comers in his rush to nourishment, and he may be taken advantage of in negotiations. Fear of this is leading to the threat of protectionism, as exemplified by recent attempts to classify or otherwise control access to un
34、iversity research, including that joint with industry. In designing university-industry connections, protecting interests by high-level negotiations is wrong. Protectionism is dangerous and habit-forming. Circumstances exist where it is appropriate, but only for a short time. One of the few essentia
35、ls of agreements is that any secrecy or interference with open publication or student interaction should be strictly temporary. The dominant problem of supporting enough basic research in universities will remain. This must continue to be a federal responsibility; no company or industry can harvest
36、the results soon enough to justify any investment larger than keeping a window on basic research and conduit for the movement of bright young people into the company. Hard work in the universities will lead to important cooperative research agreements with industry, but unremitting effort will be re
37、quired to maintain or enlarge the basic research on which all else rests. But there is far more at stake than support for universities. University-industry interaction should not be looked upon as support at all, but as an absolutely necessary part of the survival both of American institutions and o
38、f the American economy. As the economy stumbles, protectionism of all kinds becomes rampant, and everyone loses. From the universitys standpoint, cooperative projects with industry affect graduate (and even undergraduate) work in healthy ways. To use Harvey Brookss phrase, giving students “respect f
39、or applied problems“ is an important part of their education. Wisdom begins when students (and even professors) realize that an invention is not a product and a product is not an industry. What is perhaps most at stake is attracting some of the ablest young people to those fields that can make a dif
40、ference in the survival of our society. Particle physics ought to be done, just as art galleries ought to be maintained, and the richer the country is the more particle physics and art galleries it should support. But it would be a disaster if protectionism, of either the government or the industry
41、variety, were to discourage some of the best young people from going into applied fields. 30 What is the main topic of this passage? （ A） The interaction between universities and industry. （ B） The classification of industrial protectionism. （ C） The speed and simplicity of negotiations. （ D） The re
42、lations between particle physics and art galleries. 31 According to the passage, protectionism is _ . （ A） impractical （ B） hazardous （ C） justifiable （ D） safe 32 It can be concluded that companies support basic research in universities so as to _ . （ A） recruit smart young people （ B） be informed
43、of negotiations （ C） train competent negotiators （ D） enlarge their influence 33 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that American institutions and American economy are _ . （ A） rampant （ B） disconnected （ C） interdependent （ D） irrelevant 34 The author states that all of the following ought
44、 to be supported by the government EXCEPT _ . （ A） institutions （ B） lawyers （ C） art galleries （ D） particle physics 35 Why does the author mention particle physics and art galleries? （ A） To explain why they need government support. （ B） To emphasize the importance of maintaining them. （ C） To giv
45、e reasons why their existence would be necessary. （ D） To argue that encouraging young people to go into applied fields is important. 35 When a member of an ethnic minority group acquires the behavior patterns, lifestyles, values, and language of the mainstream culture we say that he or she has beco
46、me culturally assimilated. Since the dominant group controls most of the social, economic, and political institutions in a society, members of ethnic minority groups must acquire its cultural traits to move up the social and economic ladder. When studying this concept, it is important to learn that
47、although non-White ethnic minorities may become totally assimilated culturally, they will still be victims of discrimination and racism because of their different physical characteristics. A widespread myth is that Mexican Americans and Afro-Americans experience discrimination because they often hav
48、e meager educations and live in ghettos. Even though it is true that many Blacks and Mexican Americans are members of the lower socioeconomic classes, and that all lower-class individuals are treated differently than middle-and upper-class people, it is also true that Blacks and Chicanos with high e
49、ducations and incomes frequently experience discrimination because of their color. Since American racism is based largely on skin color, no degree of cultural assimilation eliminates it. Some discussion of forced assimilation and cultural genocide should take place when students study cultural assimilation. Assimilation often occurs when a minority group “voluntarily“ acquires the behavior patterns and life
