1、考博英语模拟试卷 169及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would _ be able to walk. （ A） in no time （ B） by all means （ C） in no way （ D） on any account 2 While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth. （
2、A） occasionally （ B） simultaneously （ C） eventually （ D） promptly 3 One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U. S. is that they have taken great _ to educate their children. （ A） efforts （ B） pains （ C） attempts （ D） endeavors 4 If any man here does not agree with me, he should _ his
3、own plan for tm- proving the living conditions of these people. （ A） put on （ B） put out （ C） put in （ D） put forward 5 I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _ to it. （ A） connected （ B） fastened （ C） bound （ D） stuck 6 The English language contains a(n)
4、_ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. （ A） altitude （ B） latitude （ C） multitude （ D） attitude 7 Its a serious crime that people _ goods out of China to avoid paying customs duty. （ A） ship （ B） smuggle （ C） launch （ D） load 8 Recently the car factory had to carry
5、out personnel _ because of financial trouble. （ A） cuts （ B） demands （ C） reductions （ D） orders 9 Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customers _ limit. （ A） credit （ B） currency （ C） check （ D） certificate 10 _ of over 5% are attractive if the dollar really i
6、s going to stabilize. （ A） Manufactures （ B） Yields （ C） Creating （ D） Receiving 11 The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists. （ A） each （ B） some （ C） certain （ D） any 12 You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car. （ A） very （ B） so （ C） too （ D） enough 13 In general, the a
7、mount that a student spends for housing should be held to one- fifth of the total _ for living expenses. （ A） acceptable （ B） available （ C） advisable （ D） applicable 14 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _ the color of his skin. （ A） with the exception of （ B） in the
8、light of （ C） by virtue of （ D） regardless of 15 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full _. （ A） capacity （ B） strength （ C） length （ D） possibility 16 I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. （ A） reveal （ B） rewrite （ C） revise （
9、 D） reverse 17 Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room. （ A） known （ B） supposed （ C） regarded （ D） considered 18 The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. （ A） adapt （ B） bring （ C） receive （ D） adopt 19 The government is trying to do something
10、 to _ better understanding between the two countries. （ A） raise （ B） promote （ C） heighten （ D） increase 20 The newspaper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire. （ A） range （ B） level （ C） extent （ D） quantity 二、 Cloze 20 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (
11、crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【 21】 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【 22】 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal beh
12、avior through【 23】 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【 24】 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【 25】 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantage
13、d families,【 26】 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【 27】 lack of adequate pa- rental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【 28】 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly【 29】 juvenile crime rates. For example,
14、 changes in the economy that【 30】 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【 31】 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【 32】 lead more youths into criminal-behavior. Families have also【 33】 changes these years. More families consi
15、st of one-parent households or two working parents;【 34】 , children are likely to have less supervision at home【 35】 was common m the traditional family structure. （ A） acting （ B） relying （ C） centering （ D） commenting （ A） before （ B） unless （ C） until （ D） because （ A） interaction （ B） assimilati
16、on （ C） cooperation （ D） consultation （ A） return （ B） reply （ C） reference （ D） response （ A） or （ B） but rather （ C） but （ D） or else （ A） considering （ B） ignoring （ C） highlighting （ D） discarding （ A） on （ B） in （ C） for （ D） with （ A） immune （ B） resistant （ C） sensitive （ D） subject （ A） affe
17、ct （ B） reduce （ C） check （ D） reflect （ A） point （ B） lead （ C） come （ D） amount （ A） in general （ B） on average （ C） by contrast （ D） ar length （ A） case （ B） short （ C） turn （ D） essence （ A） survived （ B） noticed （ C） undertaken （ D） experienced （ A） contrarily （ B） consequently （ C） similarly （
18、 D） simultaneously （ A） than （ B） that （ C） which. （ D） as 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does wh
19、at is expected of him. Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will giv
20、e many years of loyal service. The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. There are even stories o
21、f half- trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pained to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer. Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt, but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between e
22、lephant and mahout is the key to successful training. The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. But animals of this age do not easily become subser
23、vient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger, and fear. Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the
24、wild one confidence, and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side. When several el
25、ephants are being trained at one time, it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that n
26、othing particularly alarming is happening to its companions. When it is eating normally, its own training begins. The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point. Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side, while others r
27、ub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant. This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets, such as “ho! my son“, or “ho! my father“, or “my mother“, according to the age and
28、 sex of the captive. The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions. These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick, and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls
29、it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes. 36 The ill-treatment of an elephant during training _. （ A） can have unpleasant consequences later （ B） is the most effective method available （ C） increases the time it takes to tram the animal （ D） ensures loyal service for years to come
30、37 An elephant will only be trained successfully if _. （ A） the mahout is a responsible person （ B） elephant calves dont refuse to feed （ C） the mahout and the elephant get on well together （ D） several trainers are assigned to the job 38 The main attraction of training mature elephants is _. （ A） e
31、arly financial returns （ B） their willingness to obey their trainers （ C） the avoidance of anxiety in the elephant （ D） that elephants are difficult to keep 39 A mature elephant is only subjected to training when _. （ A） it is with other elephants （ B） the mahout has established a good relationship
32、with it （ C） the animal is feeding normally （ D） it needs to be controlled with a sharp pointed stick 40 This passage mainly discusses _. （ A） two techniques used for training elephants （ B） the unhumane method used in training elephants （ C） how to train the elephant （ D） through the tough method w
33、e cannot train the elephant successfully 40 Men have often been praised by being told that they were as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer. No one knows why there is something special about Philadelphia lawyers, but the expression “smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ seems to have come from a famous trial e
34、arly in the 18th century. An Englishman, William S. Cosby arrived in New York as the royal governor of the province. He was a tyrant. He wanted to make money quickly and he ruled the province with no thought for the law or the rights of the people. Among those who opposed his rule was John Peter Zin
35、ger who came to America from Germany. Mr. Zinger started a newspaper which praised liberty and sharply criticized the governor. Governor Cosby arrested Mr. Zinger, charged him with slander and kept him in prison for 9 months. Mr. Zinger could not find a New York lawyer to defend him because of the g
36、overnors power. But a leading lawyer from Philadelphia agreed to defend Mr. Zinger. He was Andrew Hamilton, white-haired and almost 80 years old. The trial opened, the jury chosen and charges read. At that time, the law on slander said that jury could decide only if the person accused published in t
37、he newspaper named in the charges. The question of whether words published were true or not was to be decided by the judge. Mr. Zinger told the court he was innocent. Then the lawyer from Philadelphia rose, admitted that Mr. Zinger did publish the newspaper as charged. But Mr. Hamilton continued. Th
38、e publishing of a newspaper does not make a person guilty of slander. He said that words themselves must be proved false or slanderous; Otherwise Mr. Zinger is innocent. The judge warned Mr. Hamilton that he, the judge, would decide if the words were slanderous or not. Mr. Hamilton quickly turned to
39、 the jury and asked them to decide. He said that it was their right to decide whether the alleged slander was in fact the truth. In his final statement to the jury, Mr. Hamilton said the question was much bigger than the charges against Mr. Zinger. He said the question was liberty and right of peopl
40、e to oppose dishonesty and tyranny by speaking and writing the truth. After a brief discussion the jury declared that Mr. Zinger was not guilty and cheers broke out in the courtroom. The decision established the principle of freedom of the press in the American Colonies. Mr. Hamilton was praised as
41、a hero. Through the years the fame of Mr; Zinger trial and praise for Mr. Hamilton has spread throughout the country. Anti so it is believed that the expression “as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ honors the man from Philadelphia who successfully de- fended the freedom of the press to print the trut
42、h. 41 Many people opposed Governor Cosbys rule because _. （ A） he wanted to make money quickly （ B） he was the royal governor （ C） he was a tyrant （ D） they were biased 42 John Zinger was arrested _. （ A） because he was smart as a Philadelphia lawyer （ B） because he criticized the Governor in the ne
43、wspaper （ C） because of his stupidity （ D） because the Governor was powerful 43 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） In Mr. Hamiltons opinion, only when the words are proved slanderous can the writer of the words proved guilty of slander. （ B） Mr. Zinger was proved innocent because he cri
44、ticized the tyrannical governor. （ C） Mr. Zinger made up stories about the governor in the newspaper. （ D） Nobody wanted to defend Mr. Zinger because he had come from Germany. 44 Mr. Hamilton was considered as a hero because _. （ A） he taught the cruel Governor Cosby a lesson （ B） his successful def
45、ence in the trial （ C） he defended the freedom of the press to print the truth （ D） his courage to defend for John Zinger in spite of the tyrannical Governor 45 The purpose of this passage is _. （ A） to tell people how the principle of freedom of press was established （ B） to show the significance o
46、f the trial （ C） to tell people where the expression “as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ comes from （ D） to tell people something special about the Philadelphia lawyer 45 For scientists who study human evolution, fossil remains provide the only direct evidence of our ancient ancestors. Access to the
47、se paleoanthropological Rosetta stones, how- ever, is limited by protective curators who are often reluctant to lend the fragile fossils. And in the case of fossil skulls, nature preserves critical information in the largely in- accessible interior. But help is on the way. At the annual meeting of t
48、he American Association of Physical Anthropologists in Salt Lake City this past April, researchers discussed how medical imaging, virtual reality and computer-controlled modelling technologies get around these obstacles noninvasively. Three-dimensional medical imaging based on computed tomography (C
49、T) scans was developed in the early 1980s. On a computer, surgeons could electronically remove the patients soft tissue and then explore the virtual skull inside and out before operating. It wasnt long before Glenn Conroy of Washington University and his colleagues demonstrated that these same techniques could also be applied to fossils, in which sediments take the place of soft tissue. With advances in computer graphics and comput
