1、考博英语模拟试卷 170及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies _ upon the personnel by the government of the project-host country. （ A） imposed （ B） imported （ C） improved （ D） impressed 2 The monopoly-capitalist group _ many smaller enterprises last yea
2、r. （ A） integrated （ B） merged （ C） combined （ D） collected 3 The local authority _ the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory. （ A） granted （ B） allocated （ C） financed （ D） sponsored 4 My father has been on the _ in this factory for nearly 20 years. （ A） paypacket （ B） payoff （
3、C） payroll （ D） payment 5 It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） involved in （ C） associated with （ D） assigned to 6 The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at _. （ A） danger （ B） stake
4、（ C） loss （ D） threat 7 I felt _ to death because I could make nothing of the chairmans speech. （ A） fatigued （ B） tired （ C） exhausted （ D） bored 8 When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at _. （ A） wrong （ B） trouble （ C） fault （ D） difficulty 9 Your
5、advice would be _ valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end. （ A） exceedingly （ B） excessively （ C） extensively （ D） exclusively 10 He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _ the consequences. （ A） answer for （ B） run into （ C） abide by （ D） step into
6、 11 When he arrived, he found _ the aged and the sick at home. （ A） none but （ B） none other than （ C） nothing but （ D） no other than 12 Which sport has the most expenses _ training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms? （ A） in place of （ B） in terms of （ C） by means of （ D） by way of
7、13 They are going to have the serviceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. （ A） install （ B） to install （ C） to be installed （ D） installed 14 Im sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it. （ A） if only （ B） in case （ C） until （ D） unless 15 She was complaining that the doctor w
8、as _ too much for the treatment he was giving her. （ A） expending （ B） offering （ C） costing （ D） charging 16 The manager spoke highly of such_ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. （ A） virtues （ B） features （ C） properties （ D） characteristics 17 Since the matter was extreme
9、ly, _ we dealt with it immediately. （ A） tough （ B） tense （ C） urgent （ D） instant 18 _ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed. （ A） By （ B） On （ C） At （ D） For 19 Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city. （ A） debate （ B） consult （ C） dispute （ D） bargain 20 I hope th
10、at youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont _ anything. （ A） lack （ B） withdraw （ C） omit （ D） leak 二、 Cloze 20 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious【 21】 to how they can be best【 22】 su
11、ch changes. Growing bodies need movement and【 23】 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.【 24】 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the【 25】 that comes from achieving success
12、and knowing that their accomplishments are【 26】 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be【 27】 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,【 28】 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,【 2
13、9】 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can pro- vide【 30】 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful【 31】 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the【 32】 of some kind of organizatio
14、n with a supportive adult【 33】 visible in the back-ground. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have【 34】attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized【 35】 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without fee
15、ling guilty and with- out letting the other participants down. （ A） thought （ B） idea （ C） opinion （ D） advice （ A） strengthen （ B） accommodate （ C） stimulate （ D） enhance （ A） care （ B） nutrition （ C） exercise （ D） leisure （ A） If （ B） Although （ C） Whereas （ D） Because （ A） assistance （ B） guidanc
16、e （ C） confidence （ D） tolerance （ A） claimed （ B） admired （ C） ignored （ D） surpassed （ A） improper （ B） risky （ C） fair （ D） wise （ A） in effect （ B） as a result （ C） for example （ D） in a sense （ A） displaying （ B） describing （ C） creating （ D） exchanging （ A） durable （ B） excessive （ C） surplus
17、（ D） multiple （ A） group （ B） individual （ C） personnel （ D） corporation （ A） consent （ B） insurance （ C） admission （ D） security （ A） particularly （ B） barely （ C） definitely （ D） rarely （ A） similar （ B） long （ C） different （ D） short （ A） if only （ B） now that （ C） so that （ D） even if 三、 Reading
18、 Comprehension 35 What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast
19、 contributions to better living for more people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of
20、our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge. Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we ar
21、e deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is
22、 our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress. Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such
23、 things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas. 36 The author thinks that science and technology _. （ A） have caused the current world problems （ B） have made life better for more
24、 people （ C） will, if not in the past, better peoples life in the future （ D） can not bring a better life for most people 37 According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to _. （ A） call on the public to action （ B） pass related law （ C） eliminate the destructive ef
25、fect of science and technology （ D） use better knowledge of science and technology 38 We are not satisfied because _. （ A） science and technology have created many social problems （ B） science and technology have brought about many environmental disasters （ C） science and technology have made us mor
26、e distressed （ D） we expect too much of Science and technology at present 39 The author believes that our current problems can be better solved by _. （ A） social, political, and economic means （ B） advances in science and technology （ C） effective law-making （ D） both A and B 40 The author points ou
27、t that _. （ A） attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to better peoples life （ B） we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all the people （ C） social political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and te
28、chnology （ D） we should not use science and technology to achieve material goals 40 Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of fee
29、ling about ones fellow man? “Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a midd
30、le-aged man fall to the side-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes“, Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are fa
31、ced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in t
32、o be “tested.“ Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “tests.“ Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of f
33、ile cabinets falling and cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans of
34、ten fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt that other pers
35、ons trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with. 41 The purpose of the passage is _. （ A） to explain why people fail to act in emergencies （ B） to explain when people will act in emergencies （ C） to explain what people will do
36、 in emergencies （ D） to explain how people feel in emergencies 42 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency. （ B） When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help. （ C） A person must
37、take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if: he wants to help. （ D） A person with a heart attack needs the most. 43 The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when _. （ A） they are in pairs （ B） they are in groups （ C） they ar
38、e alone （ D） they are with their friends 44 The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that _. （ A） they are afraid of emergencies （ B） they are reluctant to get themselves involved （ C） others will act if they themselves hesitate （ D） they do not have any direct responsibilit
39、y for those who need help 45 The author suggests that _. （ A） we shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies （ B） a person must feel guilty if be fails to help （ C） people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies （ D） when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway. 45
40、The rise of “temp“ work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate Practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $15 $20 per hour
41、 for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see $ 7 or $ 8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other peoples labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a w
42、orkload, get rid of the employee when theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing-a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was w
43、orking with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its tempo
44、rary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the workers cannot break free. Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, dislo
45、yalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs a
46、re last on their list of priorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, over- worked, mentally and physically iii and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love“, because they are forced
47、to make profits for the capitalists in power. 46 Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations hiring tern porary workers and phasing out full-time employees? （ A） Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers. （ B） Temp workers are generally well-trained an
48、d can achieve high efficiency. （ C） Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers. （ D） Corporations can benefit a great deal from keeping a small full-time work force. 47 According to the first paragraph, which statement is true? （ A） Temp workers seem to be satisfied with
49、 their conditions. （ B） Temp agencies have made it possible for temp workers. （ C） Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies. （ D） Its difficult for temp workers to be employed as full-time workers. 48 The main purpose of the last paragraph is to _. （ A） show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workers （ B） reveal that temp workers are living in misery （ C） arouse readers hatred for the capitalists （
