1、考博英语模拟试卷 172及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _. （ A） off （ B） aside （ C） out （ D） down 2 The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce
2、. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） in regard with （ D） by means of 3 He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _ on what he promises. （ A） faith （ B） belief （ C） credit （ D） reliance 4 My students found the book _; it provided them with an abundance of in- formation on the sub
3、ject. （ A） enlightening （ B） confusing （ C） distracting （ D） amusing 5 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _ down the economy. （ A） put （ B） settle （ C） drag （ D） knock 6 In this factory the machines are not regulated _ but are jointly controlled by
4、 a central computer system; （ A） independently （ B） individually （ C） irrespectively （ D） irregularly 7 Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be _ in some form. （ A） given off （ B） put out （ C） set off . （ D） used up 8 Our corporations
5、 obligation under this _ is limited to repair or replacement. （ A） warranty （ B） license （ C） market （ D） necessity 9 They are a firm of good repute and have large financial _. （ A） reserves （ B） savings （ C） storages （ D） resources 10 In the past 10 years, the company has gradually _ all of its sma
6、ller rivals. （ A） engaged （ B） occupied （ C） monopolized （ D） absorbed 11 By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _ children as Coca-Cola. （ A） for （ B） in （ C） to （ D） with 12 Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _ his opinion. （ A） struck at （ B） strove for （ C） stuck to （ D）
7、stood for 13 Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage _. （ A） relatively （ B） actually （ C） annually （ D） comparatively 14 It is _ of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still iii in bed. （ A） considerable （ B） considerate （ C） concerned （ D） careful 15 These goods are _
8、 for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. （ A） essentially （ B） completely （ C） necessarily （ D） remarkably 16 Frequently single-parent children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. （ A） take off （ B） take after （ C） take in （ D） take
9、on 17 Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _ to the health service. （ A） assessment （ B） assignment （ C） exception （ D） access 18 Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong _ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. （ A） motivation （ B
10、） perspective （ C） impression （ D） impact 19 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe _ Europe into a great war. （ A） inserted （ B） imposed （ C） pitched （ D） plunged 20 The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is o
11、ften the case in other countries. （ A） as （ B） what （ C） so （ D） that 二、 Cloze 20 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【 21】 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【 22】 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, th
12、e Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【 23】 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【 24】 and will strictly control the amount of【 25】 that can be given to a case【 26】 a trial begins In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【
13、27】 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【 28】 sufficient control. 【 29】 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【 30】 of media protest when he said the【 31】 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【 32】 to Parlia
14、ment. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【 33】 the European Convention on Human Rights legally【 34】 in Britain, laid down that everybody was【 35】 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. （ A） as to （ B） for insta
15、nce （ C） in particular （ D） such as （ A） tightening （ B） intensifying （ C） focusing （ D） fastening （ A） sketch （ B） rough （ C） preliminary （ D） draft （ A） illogical （ B） illegal （ C） improbable （ D） improper （ A） publicity （ B） penalty （ C） popularity （ D） peculiarity （ A） since （ B） if （ C） before
16、（ D） as （ A） sided （ B） shared （ C） complied （ D） agreed （ A） present （ B） offer （ C） manifest （ D） indicate （ A） Release （ B） Publication （ C） Printing （ D） Exposure （ A） storm （ B） rage （ C） flare （ D） flash （ A） translation （ B） interpretation （ C） exhibition （ D） demonstration （ A） know better t
17、han （ B） other than （ C） rather than （ D） sooner than （ A） changes （ B） makes （ C） sets （ D） turns （ A） binding （ B） convincing （ C） restraining （ D） sustaining （ A） authorized （ B） credited （ C） entitled （ D） qualified 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Community cancer clusters are viewed quite different
18、ly by citizen activists than by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to
19、 say that the incidences were “inconclusive“ or the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope-that a specific environmental agen
20、t could be correlated with the cancers than by scientific method. When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the gener
21、al population), cluster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable he considered on its own, but it must also be combined with othe
22、rs. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the duster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame
23、to the fibrous mineral. Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a communitys suspicion of a common environmental
24、cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancers latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera
25、 bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier. Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West
26、Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific study. 36 The “hope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Paces desire to _. （ A） help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations （ B） improve her chances of s
27、urviving breast cancer （ C） determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case （ D） identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip 37 The case of the World War shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of _. （ A） an occupational cluster （ B） a medical cluster （ C
28、） a radiation cluster （ D） an environmental cluster 38 The passage suggests that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the _. （ A） methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clust
29、ers （ B） reluctance of epidemiologists to investigate environmental factors in cancer （ C） lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming to have identified cancer agents （ D） effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas 39 Activists may mistakenly consi
30、der a particular incidence of cancer as part of a com- munity cluster despite the fact that _. （ A） the affected individual never worked with any carcinogenic material （ B） the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposure （ C） the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningful （ D） the cance
31、r actually arose in a different geographic location 40 The word “caveats“ (in the last paragraph) refers to_. （ A） refusals by epidemiologists to examine the work of Pace and other activists （ B） potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer cluster （ C） warnings by activists concerning environmental
32、 dangers in their communities （ D） tendencies of activists to assume environmental causes for cancer 40 My parents house had an attic, the darkest and strangest part of the building, reach- able only by placing a stepladder beneath the trapdoor, and filled with unidentifiable articles too important
33、to be thrown out with the trash but no longer suitable to have at hand. This mysterious space was the memory of the place. After many years all the things deposited in it became, one by one, lost to consciousness. But they were still there, we knew, safely and comfortably stored in the tissues of th
34、e house.These days most of us live in smaller, more modern houses or in apartments, and at- tics have vanished. Even the deep closets in which we used to pile things up for temporary forgetting are rarely designed into new homes. Everything now is out in the open, openly acknowledged and displayed,
35、and whenever we grow tired of a memory, an old chair, a trunkful of old letters, they are cast into the dump for burning. This has seemed a healthier way to live, except maybe for the smoke everything out to be looked at, nothing strange hidden under the roof, nothing forgotten because of no place l
36、eft in impenetrable darkness to forget. Openness is the new lifestyle, no undisclosed belongings, no private secrets. Candor is the rule in architecture. The house is a machine for living, and what kind of machine would hide away its worn-out, deserted parts? But it is in our nature as human beings
37、to clutter, and we long for places set aside, reserved for storage. We tend to accumulate and outgrow possessions at the same time, and it is an endlessly discomforting mental task to keep sorting out the, ones to get rid of. We might, we think, remember them later and find a use for then, and if th
38、ey are gone for good, off to the dump, this is a source of nervousness. I think it may be one of the reasons we drum our fingers so much these days. We might take a lesson here from what has been learned about our brains in this century. We thought we discovered, first off, the attic, although its e
39、xistence has been mentioned from time to time by all the people we used to call great writers. What we really found was the trapdoor and a stepladder, and off we clambered, shining flashlights into the corners, vacuuming the dust out of bureau drawers, puzzling over the names of objects, tossing the
40、m down to the floor below, and finally paying around fifty dollars an hour to have them cast away for burning. 41 Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? （ A） The Attic of the Brain. （ B） Openness of the Modern Lifestyle. （ C） Modern Houses and Old Houses. （ D） The Attic of M
41、y Parents House. 42 When comparing the new lifestyle with the old one, the author seems to assume a tone of _. （ A） admiration for the new lifestyle （ B） regret for the loss of the old lifestyle （ C） a contempt for the new lifestyle （ D） appreciation for both lifestyles 43 The word “candor“ in the t
42、hird sentence of the third paragraph probably means _. （ A） simplicity （ B） sophistication （ C） openness （ D） immensity 44 According to the author, it is human nature to _. （ A） keep accumulating and classifying new things （ B） search for new uses for old things （ C） set aside old things and reserve
43、 them （ D） disclose private secrets 45 The author implies in the last paragraph that _. （ A） it is not necessary to spend so much money studying the brain （ B） we have uncovered all the secrets about our brains （ C） we are too eager to search every corner of our life （ D） modern buildings can still
44、be constructed with the desired attics 45 Doctors at Stanford University are studying a medication they hope will alleviate the suffering of millions of American women. But their target isnt breast cancer, osteoporosis, or a similarly well-known affliction. Despite its alarming impact on its victims
45、, the malady in question has received comparatively little medical scrutiny. Its a “hidden epidemic,“ according to the Stanford researchers: compulsive shopping disorder. Thats right. What was once merely a punchline in television sitcoms is now being taken seriously by many clinicians. According to
46、 the Stanford studys leader, Dr. Lorrin Koran, compulsive shopping is “motivated by irresistible impulses, characterized by spending that is excessive and inappropriate, has harmful consequences for the individual, and tends to be chronic and stereotyped.“ Compulsive shoppers “binge buy“ -most often
47、 clothes, shoes, makeup, and jewelry-and then suffer intense guilt. That, in turn, helps trigger another frenzied trip to the mall, and the cycle continues. Could compulsive shopping be a health hazard associated with Americas unparalleled economic prosperity? “It seems to be a disease of affluence,
48、“ says Dr. Jerrold Pollak, a clinical psychologist whos treated several shopaholics. “Advertisers. would like us to think that shopping is a reason to live,“ agrees Dr. Cheryl Carmin, another clinical psychologist. “If you do not have the time or inclination to go to the mall or grocery store, there
49、 are catalogs, delivery services, home shopping networks on TV, and endless items to buy via the Internet.“ Indeed, this year, US advertisers will spend $ 233 billion-an amount equal to six federal education budgets to persuade Americans to buy, buy, buy. Yet the possibility that US advertisers may be driving certain women in our society t9 psychosis is only part of the story. It seems that the pharmaceutical companies
