1、考博英语模拟试卷 182及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city occurs around this crossroads. （ A） confession （ B） congestion （ C） digestion （ D） exhaustion 2 What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement. （ A） suspect
2、 （ B） surmise （ C） suspicion （ D） surrender 3 Through the discussion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions. （ A） cleverness of （ B） knowledge of （ C） prediction of （ D） perception of 4 They suggested that an agency be created to carry out, the recommendation of
3、the committee. （ A） implement （ B） compliment （ C） supplement （ D） complement 5 In the country we are excluded from the worries of life in a big town. （ A） enveloped （ B） protected （ C） insulated （ D） subtracted 6 In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides. （ A） instituted （
4、 B） constituted （ C） prosecuted （ D） distributed 7 The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment. （ A） execution （ B） excursion （ C） expansion （ D） extinction 8 The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close down the entire pl
5、ant. （ A） intimidate （ B） integrate （ C） ridicule （ D） humiliate 9 Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence. （ A） permanence （ B） proliferation （ C） perseverance （ D） predominance 10 This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts. （ A） determined （ B） dem
6、onstrated （ C） administrated （ D） distinguished 11 The principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world. （ A） primary （ B） prime （ C） privileged （ D） precedent 12 His major task is to integrate the work of various bureaus under the ministry. （ A） organize （ B） correspond （
7、 C） coordinate （ D） respond 13 We are totally unable, after decades of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery. （ A） produce （ B） manufacture （ C） dramatize （ D） duplicate 14 It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of universal truths. （ A） address （ B） de
8、clare （ C） affirm （ D） perceive 15 To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation. （ A） underlain （ B） underlined （ C） undertaken （ D） undermined 16 In view of obstruction and disappointment, the prime minister decided to make parliamentary alliance. （ A） fru
9、stration （ B） illustration （ C） capitulation （ D） clarification 17 A shift from native bronze to iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultural borrowings. （ A） transition （ B） transmission （ C） transaction （ D） transference 18 It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there shoul
10、d be so many poor people. （ A） pageant （ B） patronage （ C） paradox （ D） pendulum 19 This style of writing, incidentally, is suggestive of what is called the “newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos. （ A） reminiscent （ B） collective （ C） forgettable （ D） advisable 20 Peter was seen crying when he came
11、 out of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished. （ A） confer （ B） refer （ C） prefer （ D） infer 21 His inability to learn foreign languages was a(n) obstacle to his career. （ A） barrier （ B） excess （ C） carrier （ D） impulse 22 One of the real services of the historical novel is not
12、that it can be a substitute for history, but that it can be a(n) extension. （ A） compliment （ B） supplement （ C） instrument （ D） replacement 23 Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and lights that told them how each item of equipment was functioning. （ A） observed （ B） preserved （ C） monitored （
13、 D） nurtured 24 The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more. （ A） conversed （ B） inversed （ C） traversed （ D） reversed 25 In the deserted factory several huge machines were left to rust and decay. （ A） inaugurate （ B） disintegrate （ C） accelerate （ D） disseminate 2
14、6 In this monumental work the entire storehouse of the worlds art is surveyed. （ A） impressive （ B） expressive （ C） progressive （ D） possessive 27 In the 1998s flood in China a large number of victims suffered the loss of their homes. （ A） expense （ B） sacrifice （ C） damage （ D） incentive 28 They de
15、mand to set up an organization flexible enough to cope with any emergency. （ A） portable （ B） valiant （ C） trivial （ D） mobile 29 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism. （ A） energy （ B） endurance （ C） effort （ D） endeavor 30 At first I guessed it was an airplane, but
16、 I soon changed my mind because it remained static instead of moving like a plane. （ A） stationary （ B） statutory （ C） stationery （ D） statuesque 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 For reasons yet to be fully understood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to th
17、e next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in science to say nothing of religion have identified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare
18、 Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a reliable identification of homosexuality. And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-
19、organized nervous system. As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic“ coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these biases had more than just a theoretical impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly
20、 never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps its the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even when both parents are right-handed, there is still a 10 percent Chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Mor
21、eover, a white baby born in Scarsdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Harlem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United States, it was hardly interpreted as a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Ger
22、ald Ford were also southpaws. 31 Left-handedness is _. （ A） a thing that is cultivated （ B） a thing that occurs by pure chance （ C） a thing of genetic inheritance （ D） a thing that occurs more in prominent figures 32 According to the passage, left-handedness _. （ A） is discouraged but not discrimina
23、ted against （ B） hals caused discrimination as serious as sexism and racism （ C） is a subject that has drawn more and more attention （ D） is an advantage in running for public office 33 The word “handism“ in Line 3 Paragraph 2 most probably means _. （ A） being skillful with ones hands （ B） quality o
24、f being convenient （ C） discrimination against left-handed people （ D） encouragement to use both hands instead of one 34 The word “southpaws“ at the end of the passage means （ A） a boxer from the south （ B） a politician from a southern state （ C） a person with extraordinarily large hands （ D） a left
25、-handed person 35 Judging from the context, Scarsdale is a place inhabited by _. （ A） white people （ B） black people （ C） mixed races （ D） rich people 35 One in three Americans said that money was a crucial factor in their decision to work for pay (or have a spouse work) rather than stay home to rai
26、se the children, with Baby Boomer women most likely to have made that choice. Forty-five percent of Baby Boomer women compared with just 32 percent of those 55 and over said they went to work. “Baby Boomer women, especially the older ones, grew up expecting to replicate the pattern of their mothers
27、lives,“ suggests Hochschild. “But then the bills started coming in and more job opportunities opened up, and these women moved into a life they hadnt anticipated.“ Money played a great role in marriage even an unhappy one. Approximately 18 percent of all those interviewed said they stayed married be
28、cause they lacked money to get a divorce, while less than 8 percent said that financial strain in their marriage has caused them to divorce. Lack of money also influenced education choices. Nearly one in four Americans has postponed or decided not to attend college because of financial pressures. Ev
29、en with the sustained prosperity of the past eight years, Gen-Xers were most likely to have altered their college plans. A 39-year-old Hispanic billing clerk in New York spoke about how the need for money limited her teenager sons ability to take part in extracurricular activities that could increas
30、e his chances of getting into college. “Since age 14, my sons been working, and I think he is a superb person. Not having a lot of money has made him realize what work is all about. On the other hand, he was elected to go to a youth leadership conference in Washington, and I cant send him because I
31、dont have the money. Lack of money takes away opportunities he otherwise could have had.“ On the question of what money can and cant buy, a large majority of Americans said that money could buy “freedom to live as you choose“, “excitement in life“, and “less stress“. In a number of follow-up intervi
32、ews, many people commented that having extra money would immediately alleviate one source of profound stress the need to work overtime. Those with college and graduate degrees were far more likely to believe that money can buy freedom, perhaps because better-educated people already have a wider arra
33、y of choices. College educated professionals, for instance, were much more likely to consider wealth a way of financing travel, starting a business of their own, or funding charitable works in their communities. A 55-year-old Hispanic woman in Los Angeles with a graduate degree and an income of more
34、 than $90,000 described a midlife career switch. After resigning from a high-level, high paying but extremely stressful civil service job, she became a florist. “After I started tearing my hair out,“ she said, “I decided to go into business for myself flowers dont talk back.“ Can money buy peace of
35、mind? Fifty-two percent of Americans said no. “It all depends on what peace means to you,“ observed a businesswoman in California who is nearing 60 and would like to retire at 62 and go back to college. “For my husband, peace of mind means working as long as he can and collecting the biggest possibl
36、e pension. For me, it means knowing Ive worked long enough so that I can afford to go after an old dream. I guess you should say that my peace of mind is his worry.“ 36 According to the writer, older Baby Boomer women went to work chiefly because _. （ A） there were more job opportunities （ B） they w
37、ere bored staying at home （ C） they dont have enough money to buy their own house （ D） life was costly 37 According to this passage, money plays a more important role in _. （ A） keeping people in a marriage （ B） causing a divorce （ C） raising the children （ D） limiting ones ability 38 From Paragraph
38、 3 we can learn that _. （ A） the 14-year-old son did not enjoy his work （ B） without money you never make education choices （ C） most Gen-Xers wanted to change their college plans （ D） most Gen-Xers did not change their college plans 39 The reason why the 55-year-old Hispanic woman became a florist
39、is that _. （ A） she no longer had hair （ B） she hated to meet very rude people （ C） she did not like civil service jobs （ D） midlife career switch was a widespread practice 40 From the last paragraph we can see that _. （ A） both the husband and wife have peace of mind （ B） only the husband has peace
40、 of mind （ C） only the wife has peace of mind （ D） neither of them has peace of mind 40 Computer monitoring is most often intended to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace, but with good intentions comes the opportunity for abuse by employers and employees alike. Computer Monitoring
41、in the 21st Century written by a futurist is an exceptional observation as to what the future may hold for those people choosing to enter the technological field such as industry, commerce, medicine and science. As computer monitoring increases, there comes a concern for the types of effects it may
42、have in the workplace. The article says: “By the end of the decade, as many as 30 million people may constantly be monitored in their jobs.“ As computer systems become so sophisticated, this number will drastically increase. As we enter this new age of technology, we must remember that with more pow
43、er comes more responsibility by employers and employees alike. Knowledge can be used as a weapon or as a tool. For instance, monitoring abuse can be found in the situation of airline agents. The agents discovered that by keeping customers on hold while finishing their work they could gain an extra 5
44、-minute break. In the future, employees who are accustomed to evading the monitoring system may no longer be able to tolerate it. These types of employees may find they can no longer survive the added pressure of not being able to evade the system. While monitoring can add pressure to some employees
45、, it can also be a relief to others. It is a relief to the employee, because it provides information readily at hand. With the use of prompts, acting as reminders to workers, the information needed is passed on efficiently allowing employees to do a better job. However, if prompts are used to tell a
46、n employee how much time has been wasted or how bad an employee is doing his job, it could cause the opposite effect. Monitoring can have a positive effect on workers by letting the employees access their own information. In a study, early information about job performance given by a computer is acc
47、epted better than a performance rating given by a boss. At this time, monitoring is based on the output of an employees performance. In the future, there will be more freedom for employees to use their own ideas, therefore making monitoring more effective. One example of monitoring as a weapon is se
48、en when a woman who took an extra minute in the bathroom was threatened with loosing her job. With this added stress she suffered a nervous breakdown. The company insisted that they were not “spying“ but were only trying to improve their business. If monitoring is not used correctly, businesses will
49、 suffer with increases in operating costs because of increased turnover, absenteeism, medical costs and workers compensation. Employers who use positive reinforcement with monitoring will guarantee better motivation. Legislation has the potential to help employees with issues of better treatment and the fight to privacy. In the new century, companies that succeeded will be the ones who learn from the past and from the “me boss and you employee“ mentality. A good blacksmith can take a hammer and forge a weapon into
