1、考博英语模拟试卷 209及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 To give top _ to health is to prolong your life and enjoy your life. （ A） superiority （ B） priority （ C） inferiority （ D） minority 2 Readers will find that a librarys collection of books usually _ two categories: fiction and non-fiction. （ A） falls in
2、to （ B） runs into （ C） separates into （ D） turns into 3 At that time leukemia was almost inevitably _, but today, more than half of the people with leukemia get a cure. （ A） lethal （ B） poisonous （ C） awesome （ D） terrific 4 Sometimes the imprudence _ some policy-makers results in heavy losses to th
3、e national interests. （ A） in the place of （ B） for the sake of （ C） in view of （ D） on the part of 5 It _ now pretty late, we took our candles and retired to our room. （ A） is （ B） being （ C） turned （ D） got 6 It is desirable that the airplane _ as light and fast as possible. （ A） be made （ B） is m
4、ade （ C） were made （ D） has been made 7 The salmon spends its adult life in rivers and seas, but _ . （ A） its eggs are laid in streams （ B） it lays its eggs in streams （ C） in streams are laid its eggs （ D） laid in streams are the eggs 8 Anatomists generally maintain that the human heart is nearest
5、_ . （ A） to the size in our fist （ B） in the size to our fist （ C） in size to our fist （ D） to the size to our fist 9 Never has a scientific explanation emerged _ someone somewhere has objected to it. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） whom （ D） but 10 Anais Nins diaries are often scandalous, probably becaus
6、e she describes herself as she is rather than _ . （ A） others define her （ B） as others define her （ C） her definition by others （ D） she is defined by others 11 Those are very important papers and Id just as soon _ here. （ A） as you leave them （ B） you leave them （ C） you will leave them （ D） that
7、you will leave them 12 It is not an agreement _, but it will serve as one. （ A） on such （ B） for such （ C） as such （ D） in such 13 They have occupied our land, stolen our freedom and violated everything we held _ . （ A） sacred （ B） secret （ C） second （ D） dangerous 14 Due in large part to the comple
8、xity of its structure-over two hundred bones _ together by ligaments-the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction. （ A） binging （ B） bound （ C） bounded （ D） bind 15 However, many businessmen are active Democrats for reasons _ economic ones-such as religion, national, racial, or geogr
9、aphic origin, or specific policy issues. （ A） rather than （ B） other than （ C） less than （ D） better than 16 On the memorable occasion, the soldiers _ the Colonel when he arrived. （ A） shouted （ B） solved （ C） salvaged （ D） saluted 17 Inasmuch as a year does not elapse without a certain number of vi
10、llagers falling victim to the ferocity of tiger, its roar is _ heard by the natives _ feelings of terror. （ A） not., with （ B） not., without （ C） seldom., with （ D） always., without 18 An education should enable a student to get a better job than he would _ be able to find or fill. （ A） consequently
11、 （ B） nevertheless （ C） otherwise （ D） anyhow 19 Yellow National Parks attractions include the. famous Old Faithful geyser, vast forests, _ wildlife, and well-maintained campgrounds. （ A） plentiful （ B） generous. （ C） liberal （ D） extravagant 20 _ I love you, I cannot lend you any more money. （ A） M
12、uch as （ B） Whether （ C） Also （ D） However 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 For more than 40 years, Earth has been sending out distress signals. At first they were subtle, like the thin shells of bald-eagle eggs that cracked because they were laced (使混合 ) with DDT. Then the signs were unmistakable, like
13、the covering of smoke over the Amazon rain forest, where farmers and ranchers (牧场主人 ) set fire to clear land. Finally, as the new millennium drew near, it was obvious that Earths pain had become humanitys pain. The collapse of the North Atlantic cod (鳕鱼 ) fishery put 30,000 Canadians out of work and
14、 ruined the economies of 700 communities. In 1998, deforestation worsened Chinas floods, which killed 3,600 people and left 14 million homeless. Population pressures and overcrowding raised the toll from 1999s rains in Latin America, which killed more than 30,000 people and created armies of environ
15、mental refugees. And how have we responded to four decades of ever louder distress signals? Weve staged a procession, of Earth Days, formed Green parties, passed environmental laws, forged a few international treaties and organized global gabfests (杂谈会 ) like the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
16、 All the while, the decline of earths ecosystems has continued unabated. What will it take for us to get serious about saving our environment? When will environmentalism more from being a philosophy promoted by a passionate minority to a way of life that governs mainstream behavior and policy? How c
17、an we understand that Earth is one big natural system and that torching tropical rain forests and destroying coral reefs (珊瑚礁 ) will eventually threaten the well-being of towns and cities everywhere? One crucial step is a true accounting of the state of the planet, a thorough assessment of the healt
18、h of all Earths major ecosystems, from oceans to forests. Only a comprehensive global survey can show how damage to one system is affecting other systems and can determine whether Earth as a whole is losing its ability to nurture the full diversity of life and the economies of nations. 21 Which of t
19、he following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Even though people around the world have taken various measures to save the earth, many ecosystems still keep declining. （ B） As our world evolves, the relationship between Earth and humanity becomes closer and closer. （ C） Its essen
20、tial and important to carry out a thorough research on the current state of the whole earth. （ D） The continuous deterioration of the global environment has awakened most human beings to the importance of environmental protection. 22 What environmental problem is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） O
21、verpopulation. （ B） Deforestation. （ C） Pollution. （ D） Fuel depletion. 23 Our earth can only be effectively saved when _ . （ A） people of all nations become conscious of the danger and make joint efforts. （ B） governments in developed countries can formulate more strict laws and regulations. （ C） m
22、ore volunteers can be organized to help the refugees throughout the world. （ D） the living standards of citizens in developing countries can be greatly raised. 23 Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. Its hard to imagine a time when people werent concerned with taking care of thei
23、r appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started when Adam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date with Eve. Or maybe they began when Eve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have beco
24、me an important part of everyones daily routine. You might think that all modern societies would have the same grooming and personal hygiene practices. After all, doesnt everybody take baths? Most people do recognize the need for hygiene, which is the basis for cleanliness and health-and a good way
25、to keep ones friends. Grooming practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best, such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in diff
26、erent ways. There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly, a shower-every day. But in contrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so th
27、ey can start the day fresh. And instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo, many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So if Americans have a “bad hair day“, they have no one to blame but themselves. But most people in America do head for the beauty parlor or barber shop occasion
28、ally for a haircut, a perm or just some friendly conversation. Americans are known for having very sensitive noses. In America, “B. O.“ (body odor) is socially unacceptable. For that reason, Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti-perspiration a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume for
29、an extra fresh scent. Men may splash on after-shave lotion or manly-smelling cologne. Another cultural no-no in America is bad breath. Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garlic. Their solution? Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after
30、 meals. Some of the cultural variations in grooming practices result from physical differences between races. Whereas many Asian men have little facial hair, Westerners have a lot. As a result, most American men spend some time each day shaving or grooming their facial hair. Beards and mustaches are
31、 common sights in America, although their popularity changes from generation to generation. Most American men who wear facial hair try to keep it nicely trimmed. American women, on the other hand, generally prefer not to be hairy at all. Many of them regularly shave their legs and armpits. Americans
32、 put great value on both grooming and personal hygiene. For some people taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, “Cleanliness is next to godliness.“ Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others.
33、Americans look down on people who dont take care of themselves, or who “let themselves go“. To Americans, even if we dont have much to work with, we have to make the best of what weve got. 24 By citing “Adam and Eve“, the author wants to show that _ . （ A） grooming and hygiene are originated from Ad
34、am and Eve. （ B） grooming and hygiene have a long history. （ C） grooming and hygiene are important for dating. （ D） grooming and hygiene are the gifts endowed by God. 25 Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? （ A） Hygiene helps health and maintains friendship. （ B） Many litt
35、le things can make people look decent. （ C） As everybody takes bath, grooming and hygiene practices are all the same in the modern society. （ D） Most of modern people argue that culture determined the differences. 26 The old saying “Cleanliness is next to godliness“ reflects that _ . （ A） Americans
36、exert much importance on individual hygiene. （ B） well-groomed people are closer to the God. （ C） It is a religion to be clean and well-groomed. （ D） It is essential to have much to work inherently. 26 As Dr Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about co
37、mputers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper question
38、s and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new fo
39、rm of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Computers match people in s
40、ome roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things
41、at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appea
42、rs, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed thos
43、e of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry would assume that the new species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. 27 Today, we cannot see computer as a new form of life in terms of _ . （ A） quickness of decision making （
44、B） drives and sentiment （ C） development of reasoning power （ D） information storage 28 In terms of making quick decisions, computers often surpass human brains because _ . （ A） the slow pace of life caused the defect of human brains in the long process of evolution （ B） the human brain is influence
45、d by other factors such as drives and feelings （ C） the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a mixed situation （ D） computers imitate life and the more complex, the better 29 Though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author holds the view that _ . （ A） computers are more
46、likely to become a new form of intelligent life （ B） the development of intelligence will not end with computers （ C） computers will eventually surpass human beings （ D） the evolution of intelligence will probably result in mans flesh-and-blood descendants 30 According to the passage, which of the f
47、ollowing statements is TRUE? （ A） The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man. （ B） Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man. （ C） Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood. （ D） Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of orga
48、nic matter. 三、 English-Chinese Translation 30 Green Spaces in cities Where do children play? Years ago, any open field, any vacant lot, any group pf trees-these were the places where children played. As families left family farms, small towns, and the countryside, and moved into cities, the places f
49、or their children to play in became rarer. Children in the cities had few options, fewer choices of places to play. In fact, all peoples lives change a lot when they move to the city. (51) In cities, homes are built on top of one another-in enormous apartment buildings. (52) The feeling of private space and ownership no longer exists in houses literally piled one on the other. Psychologists have been studying t
