1、考博英语模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 It was clear that the storm_his arrival by two hours. （ A） retarded （ B） retrieved （ C） refrained （ D） retreated 2 His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_to his income. （ A） comparison （ B） proportion （ C） association （ D） calculat
2、ion 3 A loan refers to anything given on condition of its return or repayment of its （ A） excess （ B） debt （ C） currency （ D） equivalent 4 Why should anyone want to read_of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals? （ A） themes （ B） insights （ C） digests （ D） lea
3、flets 5 He gave his work to his friend to . because he found it hard to see his own mistakes. （ A） adjust （ B） compile （ C） revise （ D） verify 6 Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer. （ A） take （ B） decrease （ C） minimize （ D） claimed 7 Nowadays, in the labor market, more _ gradua
4、tes, who can use the computer, communicate in English and give specialized knowledge, are welcome. （ A） sophisticated （ B） productive （ C） flexible （ D） versatile 8 To succeed in a scientific research project,_. （ A） persistence is needed （ B） persistence is what one needs （ C） one needs to be persi
5、stent （ D） one needs be a persistent person 9 Many sat at the table, looked at the plate and_her lips. （ A） smacked （ B） opened （ C） parted （ D） separated 10 The supply of apples exceeds the_this year. （ A） request （ B） claim （ C） requirement （ D） demand 11 The presence of armed guards _ us from doi
6、ng anything disruptive. （ A） defeated （ B） irritated （ C） prevented （ D） encouraged 12 Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were _. （ A） on the verge （ B） on the sly （ C） on the spot （ D） on the loose 13 His desire to_other people has
7、 caused trouble in his family. （ A） please （ B） dominate （ C） force （ D） urge 14 While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along. （ A） helpful （ B） merciful （ C） enthusiastic （ D） intelligent 15 That tragedy distressed me so muc
8、h that I used to keep indoors and go out only _ necessity. （ A） within reach of （ B） for fear of （ C） by means of （ D） in case of 16 We should _ with the doctors request. （ A） consult （ B） conceal （ C） consent （ D） comply 17 Will you ._my article to find out whether Ive made any mistakes? （ A） look
9、after （ B） look through （ C） look up （ D） look into 18 Their profits have grown rapidly in recent years,and this upward_is expected to continue. （ A） action （ B） increase （ C） Tendency （ D） movement 19 Five score years ago, a great American, _ symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Procla
10、mation. （ A） with his （ B） in whose （ C） by him （ D） of whom 20 We brought _ at the football match. （ A） sentiments （ B） refreshments （ C） regimes （ D） regiments 21 Please do not be _ by his manners since he is merely trying to attract attention. （ A） disregarded （ B） distorted （ C） irritated （ D） i
11、ntervened 22 It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. （ A） consistent （ B） considerate （ C） certain （ D） decisive 23 For nearly 50 years, Speck has been a _ author, writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles. （ A） prevalent （ B） precautiou
12、s （ C） prospective （ D） prolific 24 Before she could shout “look _ “to the old man, he was run by a car coining from his left. （ A） back, on （ B） out, over （ C） up, down （ D） ahead, at 25 In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation _ the quality of interpersonal relationsh
13、ip. （ A） ascends （ B） compels （ C） enhances （ D） prefers 26 The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） in regard with （ D） by means of 27 This brings a feeling of emptiness
14、that can never be filled and leaves us with a _ for more. （ A） scarcity （ B） command （ C） hunger （ D） request 28 The influx of large numbers of tourists has influenced social behavior and social values, and caused a certain amount of_effect. （ A） attempt （ B） overreached （ C） defeated （ D） adverse 2
15、9 Only when one_the powerful current of the times will ones life shine brilliantly. （ A） dips into （ B） comes into （ C） drops into （ D） plunges into 30 Tom doesnt think that the_situation here is as good as his hometowns. （ A） economics （ B） economic （ C） economy （ D） economical 二、 Cloze 30 To me pe
16、rsonally, the most remarkable and, in the long run, the most influential man who was translated was not a Greek. That is because I am interested in the perception of objects in space. And that was a subject about which the Greeks were totally wrong. It was understood for the first time about the yea
17、r AD 1000 by an eccentric mathematician whom we call Alhazen, who was the one really original scientific mind that Arab culture produced.【 66】 Alhazen first recognized that we see an object because each point of it directs and reflects a ray into the eye. The Greek view could not explain how an obje
18、ct, my hand say, seems to change size when it moves. In Alhazens account it is clear that the cone of rays that comes from the outline and shape of my hand grows narrower as I move my hand away from you.【 67】 And that, and only that, accounts for the difference in size. It is so simple a notion that
19、 it is astonishing that scientists paid almost no attention to it for six hundred years.【 68】 The concept of the cone of rays from object to the eye becomes the foundation of perspective 透视画法 . And perspective is the new idea which now revivifies mathematics. 【 69】 A manuscript of Alhazens Optics in
20、 translation in the Vatican Library in Rome is annotated by Lorenzo Ghiberti, who made the famous bronze perspectives for the doors of the Baptistry in Florence. He was not the first pioneer of perspective-that may have been Filippo Brunelleschi-and there were enough of them to form an identifiable
21、school of the Perspectivi. 【 70】 A. It was a school of thought, for its aim was not simply to make the figures lifelike, but to create the sense of their movement in space. B. The Greeks had thought that light goes from the eyes to the object. C. The excitement of perspective passed into art in nort
22、h Italy, in Florence and Venice, in the fifteenth century. D. As I move it towards you, the cone of rays that enters our eye becomes larger and subtends a larger angle. E. Above all, we feel that the painters eye is on the move. F. But artists attended to it long before that, and in a practical way.
23、 35 Every morning, Allie wakes up and accompanies her friend to the washroom. She turns on the light, soaps up a washcloth, and begins cleaning her friends face. Is Anie an extremely devoted companion? Yes! Allie is a capuchin monkey who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Monkeys like
24、 Allie are just one of many kinds of animals that help improve-or even save-human lives. But not all animals are suited to do every job. Certain animals are “hired“ for specific jobs based on their traits, or characteristics. By using different methods of conditioning (training animals to act in a p
25、articular way in response to a stimulus, or signal), humans can teach animals toper form extraordinary tasks. Throughout history, humans have relied on animals traits to get certain jobs done. For example, compared with humans, dogs are “far superior at tracking down odors“, says Marian Bailey, an a
26、nimal behaviorist at Henderson State University in Arkansas. Thats because dogs have million of olfactory receptors, or smell nerves, in their noses. For that reason, hunters used dogs to track down prey even in ancient Egypt. Today, dogs my be employed to sniff out illegal substances in school lock
27、ers or earthquake victims buried beneath the rabble of the collapsed building or highway. Primates may not be good sinffers, but they can certainly lend a helping hand-or two. Monkeys are perfect helpmates for quadriplegics, people paralyzed from the neck down who are unable to use their own hands (
28、and legs). Like humans, explains Bailey monkeys have opposable thumbs-thumbs that face the hands other fingers-so monkeys can pick up objects. Capuchins learn to open doors, clean up spills, and unscrew bottle tops. They can even get a sandwich out of the refrigerator and load your favorite tape int
29、o the VCR. And speaking of VCRs, animals are even helping scientists make a videotape. Jennifer Hurley, an animal researcher at the Long Marine Lab in Santa Cruz, California, is training two sea lions to carry video cameras on their backs to record the natural behavior of whales. So how do you get a
30、n animal employee to do its job? The answer, career-training. Trainers teach the animals to obey their instructions through a process called conditioning. Most trainers condition animals by using positive reinforcement, rewarding an animal for doing something correctly, says animal behaviorist Baile
31、y. For example, trainers teach their dogs how to sniff out drugs by hiding a towel with the smell of drags. “Dogs love to retrieve objects so the towel becomes a reward“, says Morris Berkowitz, who heads up a canine drug-sniffing program in New York. After repeating this game of hide-and-seek many t
32、imes, the dog begins to “associate the odor with a reward“, says Berkowitz. When he gives the command, or stimulus, the dog seeks cot drags (its like learning to study hard for a tests in order to get a good grade as a reward.) At “Helping Hands-Monkey Helpers for the Disabled“, capuchin monkeys are
33、 trained twice before being teamed with a disabled human. First, monkeys are placed with a foster family to become socialized to people. For five years, families help the monkeys adapt to a human environment, so the monkeys will trust and enjoy being around people. Taking the monkeys in when theyre
34、four to six weeks old is important, says Bailey. “Thats when monkeys normally become socialized to other monkeys,“ she says. Second, trainers at Helping Hands train the monkeys to perform specific tasks to assist a particular person. For example, a monkey may be trained to scratch an itch, or slip a
35、 floppy disc into a computer dive. Trainers reward the monkeys by using positive reinforcement, such as food, drinks. Allie is a capuchin【 16】 who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Allie is a(n)【 17】 of many animals who can be【 18】 to do certain jobs. Besides monkeys,【 19】 and sea li
36、ons can also give people a helping【 20】 . Dogs are good at【 21】 down prey and sniffing out【 22】 and【 23】 because they have millions of【 24】 in their nose Monkeys are good helper for the【 25】 , who cannot look after themselves. Sea lions can help scientists to record the【 26】 of whales because they :
37、can【 27】 to the deep ocean. In addition,【 28】 are part of whales natural environment, which makes the video more【 29】 . But animals cannot do the jobs【 30】 training. The main process of training is called【 31】 , which uses 【 32】 . During the training, trainers 【 33】 an animal for doing something【 34
38、】 . For monkeys, the positive reinforcement can 【 35】 a year before they are qualified for their jobs. 56 【 C8】 （ A） projected （ B） planned （ C） predicted （ D） expected 57 【 C1】 （ A） Likewise （ B） Besides （ C） Thus （ D） Otherwise 57 According to government statistics, men of all social classes in Br
39、itain visit pubs quite regularly,【 61】 the kind of pub they go to may be different and their reasons for going there【 62】 , too. Nowadays they often take their wives or girl-friends, which【 63】 to be the case. The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, partly【 64】 the licensing laws not b
40、eing so strict as they【 65】 , but also because publicans are trying to【 66】 away with the old Victorian【 67】 of the pub and【 68】 provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both enjoy themselves. Pub used not to open【 69】 at certain times. The result was that they were usually【 70】 with men wh
41、o seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time【 71】 . But that kind of pub is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. Curiously enough, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were【 72】 introduced as a【 73】 measure to stop workers drinking in the Fi
42、rst World War.【 74】 , the strong Puritanical【 75】 in Parliament took【 76】 of the law and【 77】 it. Opening hours are【 78】 limited to eight hours a day, but the publican can now choose which hours【 79】 him best. And these days you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer【 80】 beer. But in spite of t
43、his the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place. （ A） and （ B） though （ C） when （ D） as （ A） disagree （ B） diverge （ C） vary （ D） deviate （ A） used not （ B） not used （ C） used （ D） is used （ A） because （ B） because of （ C） for （ D） in that （ A） were （ B） ar
44、e （ C） used （ D） had been （ A） take （ B） do （ C） keep （ D） go （ A） sight （ B） image （ C） appearance （ D） perception （ A） then （ B） instead （ C） further （ D） still （ A） except （ B） except for （ C） only （ D） only for （ A） covered （ B） crowded （ C） full （ D） plenty （ A） available （ B） proper （ C） proba
45、ble （ D） accessible （ A） ordinarily （ B） generally （ C） originally （ D） formerly （ A） perpetual （ B） temporary （ C） uniform （ D） temperate （ A） Nevertheless （ B） However （ C） Afterwards （ D） Furthermore （ A） factor （ B） element （ C） component （ D） atom （ A） advantage （ B） profit （ C） use （ D） charge
46、 （ A） retained （ B） contained （ C） maintained （ D） protected （ A） even （ B） just （ C） but （ D） still （ A） suit （ B） match （ C） meet （ D） agree （ A） against （ B） for （ C） with （ D） to 77 When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【 41】 of action open to him: he can give the invention t
47、o the world by publishing it, keep the idea【 42】 , or patent it. A【 43】 patent is the result of a bargain【 44】 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【 45】 . Only in the most exc
48、eptional circumstances【 46】 the lifespan of a patent【 47】 to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever【 48】 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no color TV to【 49】 an
49、d thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently【 50】 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the【 51】 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【 52】 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【 53】 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through【 54】 patents that the one su
