1、考博英语模拟试卷 265及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Lyme disease is caused by bacteria that are_ by deer tick. （ A） emitted （ B） transmitted （ C） communicated （ D） distributed 2 Mr. Smith became very_ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake. （ A） ingenious （ B） empirical （ C） objective （ D） in
2、dignant 3 His_brain has worked away on the idea of the foundation. （ A） rich （ B） quick （ C） productive （ D） fertile 4 Since the early nineties, the trend in most business had been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys. （ A） benef
3、it （ B） availability （ C） suitability （ D） convenience 5 The book gives a brief_off the course of his research up till now. （ A） outline （ B） reference （ C） frame （ D） outlook 6 The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the_cause of the tide. （ A） principal （ B） basic （ C） initial （
4、D） elementary 7 As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting. （ A） preside （ B） introduce （ C） chair （ D） dominate 8 The patients progress was very encouraging as he could_ get out of bed without help. （ A） nearly （ B） hardly （ C） merely （ D） barely 9 With_exce
5、ptions, the former president does not appear in public now. （ A） rare （ B） unusual （ C） extraordinary （ D） unique 10 As my examinations are coming next week, Ill take advantage of the weekend to _on some reading. （ A） catch up （ B） clear up （ C） make up （ D） pick up 11 When he arrived, he found_the
6、aged and the sick at home. （ A） none but （ B） none other than （ C） nothing but （ D） no other than 12 Which sport has the most expenses_training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms? （ A） in place of （ B） in terms of （ C） by means of （ D） by way of 13 They are going to have the servicem
7、an_an electric fan in the office tomorrow. （ A） install （ B） to install （ C） to be installed （ D） installed 14 Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it. （ A） if only （ B） in case （ C） until （ D） unless 15 She was complaining that the doctor was_too much for the treatment he was givin
8、g her. （ A） expending （ B） offering （ C） costing （ D） charging 16 The manager spoke highly of such_as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. （ A） virtues （ B） features （ C） properties （ D） characteristics 17 Since the matter was extremely_, we dealt with it immediately. （ A） tough
9、 （ B） tense （ C） urgent （ D） instant 18 _seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed. （ A） By （ B） On （ C） At （ D） For 19 Remember that customers dont_about prices in that city. （ A） debate （ B） consult （ C） dispute （ D） bargain 20 I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Do
10、nt_anything. （ A） lack （ B） withdraw （ C） omit （ D） leak 二、 Cloze 20 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital dividethe division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that【 C1】_does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming dang
11、er twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however, were the new, positive【 C2】 _that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be【 C3】 _. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more【 C4】 _, it is in the
12、interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential【 C5】 _there are. More and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left【 C6】 _, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be nett
13、ed together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for【 C7】 _world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat p
14、overty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has big potential. To【 C8】 _advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices【 C9】 _respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of thei
15、r sovereignty might well study the history of【 C10】 _ (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructureconcerning roads, harbors, hig
16、hways, ports and so onwere built with foreign investment. 21 【 C1】 （ A） divide （ B） intonation （ C） world （ D） lecture 22 【 C2】 （ A） forces （ B） obstacles （ C） events （ D） surprises 23 【 C3】 （ A） negative （ B） optimistic （ C） pleasant （ D） disappointed 24 【 C4】 （ A） developed （ B） centralized （ C） r
17、ealized （ D） commercialized 25 【 C5】 （ A） users （ B） producers （ C） customers （ D） citizens 26 【 C6】 （ A） away （ B） for （ C） aside （ D） behind 27 【 C7】 （ A） containing （ B） preventing （ C） keeping （ D） combating 28 【 C8】 （ A） bring （ B） keep （ C） hold （ D） take 29 【 C9】 （ A） at （ B） with （ C） of （ D
18、） for 30 【 C10】 （ A） construction （ B） facility （ C） infrastructure （ D） institution 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering
19、 have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to im
20、prove the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge. Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very succe
21、sses of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sourc
22、es of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress. Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and
23、technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas. 31 The author thinks that science an
24、d technology_. （ A） have caused the current world problems （ B） have made life better for more people （ C） will, if not in the past, better peoples life in the future （ D） can not bring a better life for most people 32 According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important t
25、o_. （ A） call on the public to action （ B） pass related law （ C） eliminate the destructive effect of science and technology （ D） use better knowledge of science and technology 33 We are not satisfied because_. （ A） science and technology have created many social problems （ B） science and technology
26、have brought about many environmental disasters （ C） science and technology have made us more distressed （ D） we expect too much of science and technology at present 34 The author believes that our current problems can be better solved by_. （ A） social, political, and economic means （ B） advances in
27、 science and technology （ C） effective law-making （ D） both A and B 35 The author points out that_. （ A） attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to better peoples life （ B） we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all the people （ C） soci
28、al political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and technology （ D） we should not use science and technology to achieve material goals 35 A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)fingerprinting in cr
29、iminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various w
30、ays, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized c
31、riminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found
32、 at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect. The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Hartl called in
33、to question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather t
34、han simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods. In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of theUni-versity of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale Unive
35、rsity in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from va
36、rious ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories. 36 Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects_. （ A） would have to leave their fingerprints for f
37、urther investigations （ B） would have to submit evidence for their innocence （ C） could easily escape conviction of guilt （ D） could be convicted of guilt as well 37 DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when_. （ A） the methods used for blood-cell calculation are not accurate （ B） two different indiv
38、iduals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern （ C） a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals （ D） two different individuals leave two DNA samples 38 To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method_. （ A） i
39、s not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals （ B） is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern （ C） is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics （ D） is theoretically contra
40、dictory to what they have been studying 39 The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that_. （ A） enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members （ B） enough data of DNA samples should be
41、collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can match （ C） enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same person （ D） additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to
42、 determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person 40 National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that_. （ A） DNA testing should be systematized （ B） only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing （ C） the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing （
43、D） the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing 40 The rise of “temp“ work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time
44、. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $ 15 $20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see $ 7 or $ 8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other peoples labor
45、. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thin
46、ga full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand d
47、ollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the workers cannot break free. Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a pa
48、ranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to inc
49、rease profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of priorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, overworked, mentally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love,“ because they are forc
