1、考博英语模拟试卷 267及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 During our first teacher training year, we often visited local schools for the_of lessons. （ A） observation （ B） investigation （ C） inspection （ D） examination 2 English is an important foreign language to master because it provides ready_to world sch
2、olarship and world trade. （ A） excess （ B） approach （ C） solution （ D） access 3 He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any_on what he promises. （ A） faith （ B） belief （ C） credit （ D） reliance 4 My students found the book_; it provided them with an abundance of information on the subj
3、ect. （ A） enlightening （ B） confusing （ C） distracting （ D） amusing 5 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will_down the economy. （ A） put （ B） settle （ C） drag （ D） knock 6 In this factory the machines are not regulated_but are jointly controlled by a ce
4、ntral computer system. （ A） independently （ B） individually （ C） irrespectively （ D） irregularly 7 Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be_in some form. （ A） given off （ B） put out （ C） set off （ D） used up 8 Our corporations obligati
5、on under this_is limited to repair or replacement. （ A） warranty （ B） license （ C） market （ D） necessity 9 They are a firm of good repute and have large financial_. （ A） reserves （ B） savings （ C） storages （ D） resources 10 In the past 10 years, the company has gradually_all of its smaller rivals. （
6、 A） engaged （ B） occupied （ C） monopolized （ D） absorbed 11 By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular_children as Coca-Cola. （ A） for （ B） in （ C） to （ D） with 12 Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he_his opinion. （ A） struck at （ B） strove for （ C） stuck to （ D） stood for 13 Flood
7、s cause billions of dollars worth of property damage_. （ A） relatively （ B） actually （ C） annually （ D） comparatively 14 It is_of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed. （ A） considerable （ B） considerate （ C） concerned （ D） careful 15 These goods are_for export, though a f
8、ew of them may be sold on the home market. （ A） essentially （ B） completely （ C） necessarily （ D） remarkably 16 Frequently single-parent children_some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. （ A） take off （ B） take after （ C） take in （ D） take on 17 Over a third of the
9、 population was estimated to have no_to the health service. （ A） assessment （ B） assignment （ C） exception （ D） access 18 Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. （ A） motivation （ B） perspective （ C） impression
10、 （ D） impact 19 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe _Europe into a great war. （ A） inserted （ B） imposed （ C） pitched （ D） plunged 20 The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _is often the case in other countrie
11、s. （ A） as （ B） what （ C） so （ D） that 二、 Cloze 20 Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors【 C1】_be
12、ing deposed by science, which they regarded as right-leaning. Postmodernism【 C2】 _ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is【 C3】 _and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued, neither more
13、nor less【 C4】 _than others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women.【 C5】 _, they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural【 C6】 _. This argument【 C7】 _with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leading to the “pol
14、itical correctness“ justifiably【 C8】 _by Rush Limbaugh and the “mental masturbation“ lampooned by Woody Allen. Acceptance of this relativistic worldview【 C9】 _democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jeffersons “trinity of three greatest men,“ showed【 C10】 _al
15、most three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689 he【 C11】_what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in
16、 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faith, or opinion, but not knowledge. “ It was this idea that the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most【 C12】 _basis for public policy that stood as Jeffersons foundational argument for d
17、emocracy. By falsely【 C13】 _knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and antiscience conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment era, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is【 C14】 _to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Polic
18、y is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might【 C15】 _right the classic definition of authoritarianism. 21 【 C1】 （ A） satisfied with （ B） angry with （ C） displeased at （ D） proud of 22 【 C2】 （ A） discounted （ B） doubted （ C） adopted （ D） shared 23 【 C3】 （ A） objective （
19、 B） subjective （ C） cultural （ D） relative 24 【 C4】 （ A） variable （ B） valid （ C） valuable （ D） various 25 【 C5】 （ A） However （ B） Therefore （ C） Otherwise （ D） Furthermore 26 【 C6】 （ A） assimilation （ B） inhibition （ C） representation （ D） oppression 27 【 C7】 （ A） resonated （ B） agreed （ C） appeale
20、d （ D） responded 28 【 C8】 （ A） liked （ B） approved （ C） verified （ D） hated 29 【 C9】 （ A） offsets （ B） produces （ C） undermines （ D） strengthens 30 【 C10】 （ A） when （ B） what （ C） why （ D） which 31 【 C11】 （ A） found （ B） defined （ C） dictated （ D） claimed 32 【 C12】 （ A） practical （ B） equal （ C） use
21、ful （ D） equitable 33 【 C13】 （ A） identifying （ B） equipping （ C） equating （ D） confusing 34 【 C14】 （ A） deduced （ B） introduced （ C） conduced （ D） reduced 35 【 C15】 （ A） decides （ B） causes （ C） makes （ D） creates 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 To call someone bird-brained in English means you think t
22、hat person is silly or stupid. But will this description soon disappear from use in the light of recent research? It seems the English may have been unfair in associating birds brains with stupidity. In an attempt to find out how different creatures see the world, psychologists at Brown University i
23、n the USA have been comparing the behaviour of birds and humans. One experiment has involved teaching pigeons to recognize letters of the English alphabet. The birds study in “classrooms“, which are boxes equipped with a computer. After about four days of studying a particular letter, the pigeon has
24、 to pick out that letter from several displayed on the computer screen. Three male pigeons have learnt to distinguish all twenty-six letters of the alphabet in this way. A computer record of the birds four-month study period has shown surprising similarities between the pigeons and human performance
25、. Pigeons and people find the same letters easy, or hard, to tell apart. For example, 92 per cent of the time the pigeons could tell the letter D from the letter Z. But when faced with U and V(often confused by English children), the pigeons were right only 34 per cent of the time. The results of th
26、e experiments so far have led psychologists to conclude that pigeons and humans observe things in similar ways. This suggests that there is something fundamental about the recognition process. If scientists could only discover just what this recognition process is, it could be very useful for comput
27、er designers. The disadvantage of a present computer is that it can only do what a human being has programmed it to do and the programmer must give the computer precise, logical instructions. Maybe in the future, though, computers will be able to think like human beings. 36 The writer suggests that
28、the expression “bird-brained“ might be out of use soon because it is_. （ A） silly （ B） impolite （ C） unnecessary （ D） inappropriate 37 Psychologists have been experimenting with pigeons to find out whether the birds_. （ A） are really silly or stupid （ B） can learn to make ideas known to people （ C）
29、see the world as human beings do （ D） learn more quickly than children 38 U and V are confused by_. （ A） 92 per cent of pigeons （ B） many English children （ C） most people learning English （ D） 34 per cent of English children 39 There are similarities in observing things by pigeons and humans_. （ A）
30、 because pigeons are taught by humans （ B） because pigeons have brains more developed than other birds （ C） because their basic ways to know the world are the same （ D） because pigeons and humans have similar brains 40 The research may help_. （ A） computer designers （ B） computer salesmen （ C） psych
31、ologists （ D） teachers 40 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain
32、 from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be reckle
33、ssly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart
34、phone a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to, say, rifling through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smart phone is more like enterin
35、g his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,“ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should take steps to protect thei
36、r digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches. As so often is the case, stating that
37、 principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable
38、measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometim
39、es demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules
40、 for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 41 The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_. （ A） prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents （ B） search for suspect
41、s mobile phones without a warrant （ C） check suspects phone contents without being authorized （ D） prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones 42 The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of_. （ A） disapproval （ B） indifference （ C） tolerance （ D） cautiousness 43 The author believ
42、es that exploring ones phone contents is comparable to_. （ A） getting into ones residence （ B） handling ones historical records （ C） scanning ones correspondences （ D） going through ones wallet 44 In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_. （ A） principles are hard to be clearly expres
43、sed （ B） the court is giving police less room for action （ C） citizens privacy is not effectively protected （ D） phones are used to store sensitive information 45 Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that_. （ A） the Constitution should be implemented flexibly （ B） new technology requires rein
44、terpretation of the Constitution （ C） Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution （ D） principles of the Constitution should never be altered 45 World Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiero predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by $ 1 trillion in the next te
45、n years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom markets. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecommunication business. The pace varies widely. The U. S. and Britain are well ahead of the
46、pack, while Thailand wont be fully open until 2006. Only 20% of the $ 601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of yearslargely due to the Telecom Act in the U. S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Unio
47、ns markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic: the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that governme
48、nts are realizing that in an information age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil. Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower prices by some estimates, interna
49、tional calling rates should drop 80% over several years and better service. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer set high prices for internation
