1、考博英语模拟试卷 277及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city occurs around this crossroads. （ A） confession （ B） congestion （ C） digestion （ D） exhaustion 2 What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement （ A） suspect
2、（ B） surmise （ C） suspicion （ D） surrender 3 Through the discussion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions. （ A） cleverness of （ B） knowledge of （ C） prediction of （ D） perception of 4 They suggested that an agency be created to carry out the recommendation of th
3、e committee. （ A） implement （ B） compliment （ C） supplement （ D） complement 5 In the country we are excluded from the worries of life in a big town. （ A） enveloped （ B） protected （ C） insulated （ D） subtracted 6 In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides. （ A） instituted （ B
4、） constituted （ C） prosecuted （ D） distributed 7 The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment. （ A） execution （ B） excursion （ C） expansion （ D） extinction 8 The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close down the entire plan
5、t. （ A） intimidate （ B） integrate （ C） ridicule （ D） humiliate 9 Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence. （ A） permanence （ B） proliferation （ C） perseverance （ D） predominance 10 This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts. （ A） determined （ B） demon
6、strated （ C） administrated （ D） distinguished 11 The principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world. （ A） primary （ B） prime （ C） privileged （ D） precedent 12 His major task is to integrate the work of various bureaus under the ministry. （ A） organize （ B） correspond （ C
7、） coordinate （ D） respond 13 We are totally unable, after decades of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery. （ A） produce （ B） manufacture （ C） dramatize （ D） duplicate 14 It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of universal truths. （ A） address （ B） decl
8、are （ C） affirm （ D） perceive 15 To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation. （ A） underlain （ B） underlined （ C） undertaken （ D） undermined 16 In view of obstruction and disappointment, the prime minister decided to make parliamentary alliance. （ A） frust
9、ration （ B） illustration （ C） capitulation （ D） clarification 17 A shift from native bronze to iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultural borrowings. （ A） transition （ B） transmission （ C） transaction （ D） transference 18 It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should
10、be so many poor people. （ A） pageant （ B） patronage （ C） paradox （ D） pendulum 19 This style of writing, incidentally, is suggestive of what is called the “newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos. （ A） reminiscent （ B） collective （ C） forgettable （ D） advisable 20 Peter was seen crying when he came o
11、ut of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished. （ A） confer （ B） refer （ C） prefer （ D） infer 21 In spite of the _ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly. （ A） gloomy （ B） miserable （ C） shadowy （ D） obscure 22 The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to
12、be_by this device. （ A） ignited （ B） lighted （ C） fired （ D） inspired 23 America has now adopted more_European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling. （ A） discrete （ B） solemn （ C） rigorous （ D） autonomous 24 Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competit
13、ion is an_ spur to efficiency and innovation. （ A） extravagant （ B） exquisite （ C） intermittent （ D） indispensable 25 In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are_today. （ A） transient （ B） commonplace （ C） implicit （ D） ele
14、mentary 26 I was so_when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time. （ A） immersed （ B） assaulted （ C） thrilled （ D） dedicated 27 His arm was_from the sharks mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition. （ A） retrieved （ B） retain
15、ed （ C） repelled （ D） restored 28 Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people the magazine has_ to be the Greatest American. （ A） appointed （ B） appeased （ C） nicknamed （ D） nominated 29 The_majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate. （ A） overflowing
16、 （ B） overwhelming （ C） prevalent （ D） premium 30 We will also see a_increase in the number of televisions per household, as small TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors. （ A） startling （ B） surpassing （ C） suppressing （ D） stacking 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 To understa
17、nd the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Suc
18、h production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. Thi
19、s eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.
20、This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activitythe firm and the customerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest rout
21、e to profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way. “ and “Youre the Boss. “ A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance
22、 of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled! 31 A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to_. （ A） the efficient production of goods （ B）
23、 a perfect command of salesmanship （ C） a basic command of the marketing concept （ D） the conversion of goods into money 32 Not too long ago, industries focused on_. （ A） producing and selling goods （ B） the needs and wants of customers （ C） the selling of new products （ D） moving goods to the marke
24、t 33 The very core of marketing lies in_. （ A） all understanding of consumer needs （ B） the efficient movement of goods （ C） developing new wants for consumer goods （ D） making goods readily available to customers 34 A successful business deal can take place only when_. （ A） the customer is satisfie
25、d at the expense of the company （ B） a company makes a big profit （ C） consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importance （ D） priority is given to the requirements of the customer 35 The last sentence of the passage suggests that_. （ A） the consumer should be allowed to do things h
26、is own way （ B） the consumer should be treated like a king （ C） the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any product （ D） the consumer should be advised on what to buy 35 For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干 扰素 ), a potential wonder drug tha
27、t is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in
28、the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be
29、used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so powerful that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevent
30、s the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Amo
31、ng a group of selected patients who has undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who have received the conve
32、ntional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. 36 In what way does interferon differ from antibiotics? （ A） Interfe
33、ron has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not. （ B） Interferon is available in large supply, whereas antibiotics are not. （ C） Antibiotics are very effective, while interferon is not. （ D） Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not. 37 What effect does in
34、terferon have on infection? （ A） It provokes a negative reaction. （ B） It keeps healthy cells from becoming infected. （ C） It causes healthy cells to grow. （ D） It attacks viruses. 38 Interferon is produced by_. （ A） infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug （ B） infecting proteins with a
35、virus （ C） infecting white blood cells with a virus （ D） infecting viruses with proteins 39 Interferon has not been widely used because it is_. （ A） still very dangerous （ B） not yet available in the United States （ C） difficult to produce in large quantities （ D） not effective for human beings 40 W
36、hich of the following is true of the results of Dr. Stranders experiments? （ A） Both interferon and conventional treatments should be used to ensure the survival of the patients. （ B） At the end of three years, only ten to thirty percent of the patients who had not received interferon died. （ C） Onl
37、y the patients who received interferon survived. （ D） Most of the patients who were treated with interferon survived. 40 In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, lets talk
38、 about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a land-line goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implicati
39、ons. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting“ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow eve
40、ryone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8“, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are“ . Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psycholog
41、ical Effects of SMS Text Messaging“, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers“ and the “texters“ those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the
42、 ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientis
43、t wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy“: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker“: these people focus on themselves and keep out ot
44、her people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. Perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk. 41 When people plan to meet nowadays, they_. （ A） arrange
45、 the meeting place beforehand （ B） postpone fixing the place till the last minute （ C） seldom care about when and where to meet （ D） still love to work out detailed meeting plans 42 According to the two British researcher, social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on_. （ A） talke
46、rs （ B） the “speakeasy“ （ C） the “spacemaker“ （ D） texters 43 We can infer from this passage that the texts are_. （ A） quite revealing （ B） well written （ C） unacceptable by others （ D） shocking to others 44 According to this passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile? （ A） Ta
47、lkers. （ B） The “speakeasy“ . （ C） The “spacemaker“ . （ D） Texters. 45 An appropriate title for the passage might be, _. （ A） The SMS Effect （ B） Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use （ C） Changes in the Use of the Mobile （ D） Body Language and the Mobile Phone 45 As children get older, self-dis
48、cipline should take the place of imposed discipline. Constrains become internalized and children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings(敦促 ). But their tendency to be self-critical, to develop a code of their own, depends on the extent to which they must have kept critical compa
49、ny. The dialogue within reflects the dialogue without that is why discussion is so important during adolescence. Those in authority over children will, therefore, attempt to get children to do what is sensible by appealing to their common sense instead of ordering them around or appealing to their own status. They will not say, “Im your father and Im telling you not to smoke,“ but will point out the dangers involved. It is a further question, however, whether a child
