1、考博英语模拟试卷 278及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Often such arguments have the effect of_ rather than clarifying the issues involved. （ A） obscuring （ B） prejudicing （ C） tackling （ D） blocking 2 His_directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take. （ A） ambiguous （ B） complica
2、ted （ C） arbitrary （ D） intricate 3 Alice came back from her trip, _the house completely deserted. （ A） so that she found （ B） to find （ C） only finding （ D） only to find 4 _individuals as take up this role often find life frustrating. （ A） So （ B） Those （ C） Such （ D） Those 5 David often sits in a
3、small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more_. （ A） than that he is healthy （ B） than good for his health （ C） than his health could （ D） than is good for his health 6 Happy_they were, there was something missing. （ A） though （ B） which （ C） as （ D） since 7 Its about time parents_the gaps betwe
4、en them and their children. （ A） bridged （ B） bridge （ C） have bridged （ D） will bridge 8 But for his poverty, he_more students living in the poverty stricken areas to go to universities. （ A） has assisted （ B） would have assisted （ C） assist （ D） will assist 9 Prof. Smith_ forty or so when I first
5、met him at the International Peace Conference in Geneva. （ A） must be （ B） had been （ C） must have been （ D） could be 10 If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, _ good all the other ideas might be. （ A） whatever （ B） however （ C） whatsoever （ D） though 11 The senator was made to digres
6、s time and again from the main point of his speech because of the red_constantly_by his opponents in the audience. （ A） tomatoes, thrown out （ B） herrings, brought up （ C） apples, put forward （ D） mullets, laid down 12 It is very plain that such a life as this is far more_to health than that of the
7、man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day. （ A） conductive （ B） constructive （ C） conciliate （ D） conducive 13 Contradictory to popular belief, recent surveys show that besides housewives, many college students are also_to soap operas. （ A） appealed （ B） addicted
8、（ C） adjusted （ D） attracted 14 He used to play badminton with you, _? （ A） didnt he （ B） used he （ C） did he （ D） gone off 15 I got a new battery for my recorder only last week, but it seems to have_ already. （ A） worn out （ B） run down （ C） knocked off （ D） gone off 16 To test his theory, the chem
9、ist_an experiment. （ A） set up （ B） set out （ C） set forth （ D） set in 17 He likes to swim_. （ A） and playing football （ B） and he also likes playing football （ C） and to play football （ D） and he likes to play football 18 While watching television, _. （ A） the telephone rang （ B） we heard the telep
10、hone ring （ C） we heard the telephone rang （ D） the telephone was rung 19 “Do you mind_?“ “Go ahead. I dont mind. “ （ A） turning on the fan （ B） I turn on the fan （ C） if I turn on the fan （ D） to turn on the fan 20 When solid changes to liquid, it_heat from all substances near it and this reduces t
11、he temperature surrounding it. （ A） takes in （ B） takes on （ C） takes off （ D） takes down 21 The department chairman_with thanks the assistance of all the faculty members for getting the celebration ready in a short time. （ A） expresses （ B） declares （ C） announces （ D） acknowledges 22 The manager t
12、hrew a party_the group of computer experts from the United States. （ A） in honor of （ B） in favor of （ C） in welcome of （ D） in celebration of 23 This state research program is made up of two funds, _could last for two years. （ A） the larger one （ B） the larger of which （ C） the largest one （ D） the
13、 largest of which 24 She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact_ she knows about it is all sadly out of date. （ A） so little （ B） that much （ C） what little （ D） how much 25 Some people feel that television should give less_to sport. （ A） programs （ B） coverage （ C） concern （ D） invo
14、lvement 二、 Reading Comprehension 25 Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is e
15、xpected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world, if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more
16、 after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, government
17、s should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrig
18、ation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than sp
19、read control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. 26 What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? （ A） Only half of the worlds water can be
20、used. （ B） The world population is increasing faster and faster. （ C） Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted. （ D） Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources. 27 As indicated in the passage, the water problem_. （ A） is already serious in certain parts of the
21、 world （ B） has been exaggerated by some experts in the field （ C） poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs （ D） is underestimated by government organizations at different levels 28 According to the author, the water price should_. （ A） be reduced to the minimum （ B） stimulate dome
22、stic demand （ C） correspond to its real value （ D） take into account the occurrences of droughts 29 The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to_. （ A） build big lakes to store water （ B） construct big pumping stations （ C） build small and cheap irrigation systems （ D） channel w
23、ater from nearby rivers to cropland 30 In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to_. （ A） guarantee full protection of the environment （ B） centralize the management of water resources （ C） increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels （ D） enco
24、urage local and regional of control water resources 30 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a
25、 child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to su
26、rvive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.
27、If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are re
28、ached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes Vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen m
29、onths he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special
30、 about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“ . And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound aroun
31、d him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity o
32、f the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 31 The purpose of Frederick II s experiment was_. （ A） to prove that chi
33、ldren are born with ability to speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak （ C） to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak （ D） to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language 32 The reason that some c
34、hildren are backward in speaking is most likely that_. （ A） they are incapable of learning language rapidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language at once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 33 What is part
35、icularly remarkable about a child is that_. （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animals （ C） he can produce his own sentences （ D） he owes his speech ability to good nursing 34 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty o
36、f speech is inborn in man. （ B） The childs brain is highly selective. （ C） Most children learn their language in definite stages. （ D） All the above. 35 If a child starts to speak later than others, he will_in future. （ A） have a high IQ （ B） be less intelligent （ C） be insensitive to verbal signals
37、 （ D） not necessarily be backward 35 A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transgenosis“, which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The a
38、dditional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoessay, one that codes for resistance to a certain diseaseit can be removed and placed in the embryo of a farm animal, the several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably e
39、merge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk. The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embry
40、o and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryos strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus tha
41、t has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cells nucleus. Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete. 3
42、6 The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns_. （ A） embryos （ B） pigs, sheep and goats （ C） commercial science （ D） improvement of animal strains 37 In the first sentence, “to become commercially available“ means_. （ A） this procedure is available only on the market （
43、B） this procedure can be used in producing better farm animals （ C） this procedure can be used to promote business （ D） people such as farmers can use this procedure in their production 38 The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are_. （ A） pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone throu
44、gh the transgenic procedure （ B） pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genes （ C） leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheep （ D） leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it 39 Which of the following is NO
45、T true? （ A） After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides. （ B） The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos genes. （ C） The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell. （ D） The incorporating method is less simple but better.
46、 40 The tone of this passage is_. （ A） critical （ B） factual （ C） humorous （ D） romantic 40 Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts.(Paraphrase“ means “to explain the meaning in your own English“.) Dealing with Depression 【 R1】 Contrary to what many
47、 people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment. “Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression,“ Bruce said. “But more often in old
48、er people its anhedoniatheyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky. “ 【 R2】 She added; “Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.
49、 “ Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says “Life is not worth living,“ “I dont see any point in living,“ “Id be better off dead“ or “My family would be better off if I died,“ the experts emphasized. “Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,“ Brown urged. 【 R3】 He war
