1、考博英语模拟试卷 284及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The work in the office was_by a constant stream of visitors. （ A） confused （ B） hampered （ C） reversed （ D） perplexed 2 A visitor to a museum today would notice_changes in the way museums are operated. （ A） cognitive （ B） rigorous （ C） conspicuous （ D
2、） exclusive 3 There is a high job mobility among young people as they will_work one day and find a new job the next. （ A） depart （ B） reject （ C） quit （ D） leave 4 The search for the lost ship must be_because of poor weather. （ A） released （ B） resigned （ C） abandoned （ D） surrendered 5 The car one
3、drives may show his/her_or social position. （ A） curiosity （ B） status （ C） importance （ D） reputation 6 _is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products. （ A） Creativity （ B） Productivity （ C） Application （ D） Combination 7 Sometimes artis
4、ts find it hard for their works to win popular_. （ A） welcome （ B） applause （ C） appetite （ D） appreciation 8 In the_of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 million. （ A） face （ B） time （ C） event （ D） course 9 Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while o
5、thers_at art or basketball? （ A） work （ B） gaze （ C） aim （ D） excel 10 The jet quickly_into the sky and soon went out of our view. （ A） ascended （ B） launched （ C） assessed （ D） descended 11 The Great Wall is a great tourist_, drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year. （ A）
6、 attention （ B） appointment （ C） attraction （ D） interest 12 Disabled people are now able to care for many of their own needs, _educational goals, and maintain jobs. （ A） attempt （ B） pursue （ C） realize （ D） perform 13 Tom could hardly_his excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery. （
7、A） conceal （ B） reveal （ C） show （ D） discover 14 The goals and desires_widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. （ A） swing （ B） vary （ C） distinguish （ D） transfer 15 The local authorities seemed to_for the accident that took place last week. （ A） share （ B） take （ C） criticize
8、（ D） blame 16 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. （ A） long （ B） forever （ C） lasting （ D） lively 17 The full_of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years. （ A） affect （ B） impact （ C） action （ D） importa
9、nce 18 The coming of automation is_to have important social consequences. （ A） like （ B） frightful （ C） bound （ D） compelled 19 It is our_policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. （ A） consistent （ B） considerate （ C） certain （ D） decisive 20 The survey showed that_numbers of 15-year
10、-olds were already smoking twenty cigarettes a week. （ A） essential （ B） steady （ C） primary （ D） substantial 21 Chemistry is closely_with other studies: physics, biology and so on. （ A） corresponded （ B） concerned （ C） correlated （ D） cooperated 22 The police_to emergencies in just a few minutes wh
11、en the accident happened. （ A） responded （ B） replied （ C） adjusted （ D） appealed 23 The destruction of rainforests has been_as a disaster for the environment. （ A） blamed （ B） declared （ C） condemned （ D） appealed 24 Shy people never_set out to attract attention of other people. （ A） willingly （ B）
12、 voluntarily （ C） decidedly （ D） deliberately 25 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have_. （ A） declined （ B） increased （ C） broken （ D） maintained 26 There has been an increase in attendance at lectures_by the World Affairs Council, which brings i
13、nternational issues to public attention. （ A） developed （ B） sponsored （ C） advanced （ D） promoted 27 It is not too late, but_action is needed. （ A） right （ B） urgent （ C） hurry （ D） prompt 28 His desire to_other people has caused trouble in his family. （ A） please （ B） dominate （ C） force （ D） urge
14、 29 Concerned people want to_the risk of developing cancer. （ A） take （ B） decrease （ C） minimize （ D） claim 30 The badly wounded soldiers take_for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt. （ A） priority （ B） measures （ C） chance （ D） responsibility 31 It is still not clear what_a series of a
15、rgument between them. （ A） contributed （ B） marked （ C） ignited （ D） triggered 32 In order to survive now and_in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. （ A） maximize （ B） thrive （ C） measure （ D） remain 33 Man may destroy the balance of
16、nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible _. （ A） attack （ B） threat （ C） lesson （ D） revenge 34 She_the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy. （ A） cited （ B） recited （ C） listed （ D） lifted 35 Since Japan_ importance to education and technologic
17、al innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed. （ A） relates （ B） applies （ C） attaches （ D） connects 36 This policy gave_to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. （ A） life （ B） birth （ C） way （ D） death 37 Humans should not develop their economy at the_of
18、the ecological environment. （ A） destruction （ B） pollution （ C） expense （ D） mercy 38 We must try to_the best of our moral values for our children and grandchildren. （ A） replace （ B） remain （ C） generate （ D） preserve 39 Proper clothes_for much in business. Thats why you see most business people d
19、ress formally. （ A） count （ B） account （ C） allow （ D） Care 40 He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was_to faulty brakes. （ A） attributed （ B） contributed （ C） blamed （ D） applied 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Web browsers! Interactive software! Theres a lot of new technology talk going o
20、n in public relations these days, and its coming from a variety of sources. Clients, fearful that they are missing out on some mysterious “next wave“, demand some kind of whiz - bang(尖端 )demonstration of technology from agencies. Industry publications continuously tout the latest and greatest electr
21、onic innovations. College kids enter the marketplace armed with computer literacy completely alien to many veteran practitioners. And in some cases, members of the media demand that information be packaged to accommodate their particular technological preferences. Is technology now the tail wagging
22、dog? The answer, unequivocally, is no. Technology remains what it has always been, a tool used by professionals to help them do their jobs. All of this millennium talk has produced an unnecessary level of anxiety about the necessity of technological innovation the idea that you are light-years behin
23、d unless you are light-years ahead. Relax! The foundations of good public relations remain the same: anticipating and meeting the needs of clients and the media, and providing informed and useful counsel. Solid research, strong writing skills, creativity, and an appreciation for the values of the me
24、dia are the backbone of the profession, regardless of how information is packaged. Even if the speed of information transmission is increasing, high tech isnt for everyone. All clients dont need individual web pages and summaries of chat room activity. When considering applications of new technologi
25、es, consider the audiences for your client. Are they comfortable with technology? Do they have access to the distribution systems you are considering? Do they have the skills and knowledge to use these systems? Do they navigate the web, use CD - ROM or even own a VCR? Consider the image of the compa
26、ny itself. The delivery system is part of the message and contributes to the overall image, so the practitioner should consider how that system affects the client, the product, and the audiences. Yes, a web page can be a cost-efficient communication tool when you consider the minimal media cost. But
27、 once its up and running, youve got to keep it fresh, and that means a continual allocation of time and specialized resources. In the hyper-speed model of communications, nothing is older than information that is both outdated and on-line. And to information consumers, your web page will cease to be
28、 a source if it isnt kept current. In the last presidential election, more than one candidate had problems with their personal web pages because webmasters were not kept up to date on changes in campaign strategy and messages. The gap between what the candidate was saying and what the web page was s
29、howing became a story in itself. If youre going to have a presence on the Internet, you have to budget for regular maintenance. Otherwise, you are putting a sign up that says “too cheap to be relevant. “ 41 The recent enthusiasm for new technology is partly brought on by_. （ A） electronic innovation
30、s （ B） the development of new interactive software （ C） consumers fear of being left behind the tide （ D） the popularization of the Web 42 What does the writer think of the recent new technology talk going on in public relations? （ A） It indicates a sudden realization of an oncoming radical change i
31、n public relations. （ B） It reminds us of the fact that technology remains what it has always been. （ C） It is superficial and does not mean that we are ushering in a new age. （ D） It is a sure sign that we are missing out on some mysterious “next wave“ . 43 The “tail wagging dog“(Para. 2)most proba
32、bly means_. （ A） the overwhelmingly predominant thing （ B） the dog that tucks its tail between its legs （ C） the thing to be tamed urgently （ D） the problem to be tackled at once 44 According to the author, the role of new technology in public relations_. （ A） cant be too emphasized in todays world
33、（ B） is unnecessarily exaggerated （ C） is not fully recognized yet （ D） is more important to the company than to the client 45 It is implied in the last paragraph that a web page_. （ A） can usually provide the viewers with the latest information （ B） is not a good idea unless its information is upda
34、ted constantly （ C） may take more money to be set up and kept running than imagined （ D） can find extensive applications in presidential elections 45 There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly(商品供应
35、垄断 )to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences p
36、urchase. In contrast, in monopolistic competition, several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and othe
37、r discounts(折扣 )are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales. Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious co
38、mpetition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual. Finally, monopoly oc
39、curs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential , including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales. 46
40、 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Monopolies. （ B） The Commodity Market. （ C） The Competition Continuum. （ D） The Best Type of Competition. 47 An example of product in monopolistic competition is_. （ A） corn （ B） electricity （ C） airline ticket （ D） coffee 48 The
41、word “tolerated“ in Paragraph 4 could best be replaced by_. （ A） permitted （ B） reserved （ C） criticized （ D） devised 49 What does the author mean by the statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise price
42、s simultaneously is also usual“? （ A） It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at the same time. （ B） It is common for companies to compete for customers by lowering prices. （ C） Customers may lose money when companies have price wars. （ D） Prices are lower during price wars, but they
43、are usually higher afterward. 50 The word “it“ in Paragraph 3 refers to_. （ A） a product or service （ B） competition （ C） revenue （ D） oligopoly 50 Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately profic
44、ient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the proble
45、m of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about dealing with it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of its
46、elf. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be pre
47、pared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment
48、 to take second place. Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained fro
49、m books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher
